This dissertation discusses the rebuilding of cities after war in the context of the changing character of warfare and the increased expectations for societies to deal with difficult pasts. Departing from studies that approach post-war reconstruction focusing on the functional dimension of infrastructural repair and housing relief or on debates about architectural form, this dissertation examines reconstruction through the lens of the process of 'coming to terms with the past'. It explores how understandings of victimhood and responsibility influence the rebuilding of urban space. Conversely, it argues that cities and architecture, through the meanings ascribed to them by various actors, play an important role in dealing with the past. Building on the moral philosophy of Theodor Adorno and Hannah Arendt, it discusses the potential of reconstruction for societies to work through the past, then it engages with frictions highlighted by three situations of rebuilding after different types of war. First, it examines the rebuilding of Belgrade as the capital of socialist Yugoslavia after the aerial bombings typical of the Second World War. Second, it analyses reconstruction debates in the same city after the 1999 NATO bombings, a high-tech operation, framed by NATO as a preventative, humanitarian intervention against a 'perpetrator' state. Third, it discusses rebuilding processes in Sarajevo, where destruction was inflicted between 1992 and 1995 by actors internal to the country, albeit with international ramifications, exemplary of Mary Kaldor's 'new wars'. Based on thirteen months of fieldwork conducted in Belgrade and Sarajevo between 2012 and 2015, it analyses intentions and consequences of reconstruction acts. It suggests the potential and the challenges of a reflective reconstruction, which engages critically with the past, and of a syncretic place-making reconstruction, which focuses on place and its agonistic promise. Its main contribution is to highlight the essential relationship between reconstruction and coming to terms with the past, arguing for an understanding of reconstruction with regards to conflict itself.

Uppsatsen är en närläsning av Patricia C. Wredes bok Dealing with Dragons och undersöker huruvida boken i fråga är en parodi eller travesti på de klassiska sagorna, t.ex. Törnrosa och Askungen. Jag tar också reda på om det går att läsa boken på olika sätt beroende på hur stor förkunskap man har om de gamla sagorna. Gérard Genette har skrivit boken Palimpsestes: La littérature au second degré, och jag har med hjälp av en svensk översättning använt mig av hans teorier om hypotext - hypertext, parodi, travesti och transformation. Jag tar även hjälp av Jack Zipes och hans bok The Brothers Grimm - From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World. Dessutom används Barbara Walls bok The Narrator's Voice - The Dilemma of Children's fiction för att reda ut begreppet dubbelt tilltal. Uppsatsen är indelad i tre delar med tillhörande underrubriker: Inledning, analys och slutdiskussion. Under analysdelen tar jag upp Wredes sätt att använda sig av direkt och indirekt transformation samt om hänvisningarna till bl.a. Grimms sagor är inslag av parodi eller travesti. Metoden jag använder mig av är att visa och analysera utdrag ur boken som är direkt eller indirekt transformerade från sedan länge befintliga sagor eller legender. Resultatet av analysen når sitt syfte och svarar på frågeställningen. Slutsatsen är att boken Dealing with Dragons till största delen är en parodi på kända sagor, men att inslagen av travesti är nödvändiga och behövs för den roliga och lite snälla tonen som boken tillhandahåller.

Submitted by Márcia Morschbacher (mm.edufisica@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-18T21:44:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MMorschbacher_Final.pdf: 3169426 bytes, checksum: 1840840d5ed30d5af3da5674fcafb31b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2016-07-19T19:09:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MMorschbacher_Final.pdf: 3169426 bytes, checksum: 1840840d5ed30d5af3da5674fcafb31b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T19:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MMorschbacher_Final.pdf: 3169426 bytes, checksum: 1840840d5ed30d5af3da5674fcafb31b (MD5) / Capes. / Esta pesquisa insere-se na Linha “Educação, Cultura Corporal e Lazer” do PPGE/Faced/Ufba e no Grupo Lepel/Faced/Ufba. O seu objeto de estudo é a formação dos professores de Educação Física para o trabalho científico. Investigamos uma possibilidade de trato com o conhecimento no Eixo Trabalho Científico do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Faced/Ufba, cujo currículo foi reconceptualizado com base na proposta da Licenciatura Ampliada. O objetivo foi analisar uma possibilidade de trato com o conhecimento para o Eixo Trabalho Científico do referido Curso, sistematizando objetivos e diretrizes e uma proposta de seleção e de organização de conteúdos. Nosso problema de pesquisa foi: Considerando o atual grau de desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista na sua fase suprema (imperialismo), o projeto histórico de superação do capitalismo a ser concretizado pela luta da classe trabalhadora organizada, o embate de projetos na formação da classe trabalhadora, dos professores e, em específico, dos professores de Educação Física, o projeto de formação da classe trabalhadora fundado em consistente base teórica, os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentam a Licenciatura Ampliada, o trabalho pedagógico com a cultura corporal como especificidade do trabalho dos professores de Educação Física, como poder-se-ia tratar o conhecimento no Eixo Trabalho Científico do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física, de caráter ampliado, da Faced/Ufba, na perspectiva de desenvolver a atitude científica dos estudantes sobre o objeto cultura corporal e o trabalho pedagógico? Tratou-se de uma pesquisa documental composta pelas seguintes etapas: (a) revisão bibliográfica em teses, dissertações e artigos científicos sobre a temática “trabalho científico na formação de professores de Educação Física”; (b) análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Faced/Ufba e dos documentos do Eixo Trabalho Científico; (c) revisão bibliográfica das obras clássicas que tratam da base teórica que sustenta o Curso – dialética materialista, pedagogia histórico-crítica e abordagem crítico-superadora – e da produção científica sobre a Licenciatura Ampliada e; (d) revisão bibliográfica do conhecimento a ser tratado no Eixo Trabalho Científico. Concluímos que a formação dos professores de Educação Física para o trabalho científico necessita abranger o conhecimento clássico relativo à história da filosofia e da ciência, à filosofia da ciência, à epistemologia e ao debate epistemológico da área da Educação Física, aos balanços da produção do conhecimento da área, às abordagens teóricas e dos métodos, técnica e instrumentos de pesquisa, bem como orientar-se por objetivos e diretrizes como: a consistente base teórica, o desenvolvimento da atitude científica e da visão de totalidade, o domínio de conceitos, a instrumentalização para a produção do conhecimento científico, a abordagem científica dos conteúdos e a história como matriz científica. / ABSTRACT This investigation is situated in Research Line “Education, Corporal Culture and Leisure” by PPGE/Faced/Ufba and in Lepel/Faced/Ufba Group. The study object is the teachers training of Physical Education to the scientific work. We investigated a possibility of treat with knowledge in the Scientific Work Axis from Undergraduate Course of Physical Education of Faced/Ufba, whose curriculum was conceptualized based on the proposal of the Extended Degree. The objective was to analyze a possibility of treat with knowledge for the axis Scientific Work from that course, systematizing objectives and guidelines and a selection proposal and content organization. Our research problem was: Considering the current level of development of the production capitalist mode in its supreme phase (imperialism), the historical project of capitalism overcoming to be achieved by the struggle of the organized working class, the project clash in the formation of the working class, of teachers and, in specific, of Physical Education teachers, the formation project of working class training based on consistent theoretical basis, the theoretical assumptions underlying the Expanded Degree, the pedagogical work with corporal culture as specificity of the work of teachers of Physical Education, how would treat the knowledge on Scientific Work Axis in Physical Education Graduation, by expanded character, of Faced/Ufba, in the perspective developing the scientific attitude of students about corporal culture object and pedagogical work? This is a bibliographical and documentary research that consists of the following steps: (a) literature review on theses, dissertations and scientific articles about “scientific work in teachers training of Physical Education”; (b) analysis of the Pedagogical Political Project from Undergraduate Course of Physical Education of Faced/Ufba and documents from the Scientific Work Axis; (c) literature review of classical works about the theoretical basis that sustains the course – materialist dialectics, historical-critical pedagogy and critical-surpassing methodology – and the scientific production about “Expanded Undergraduate” proposal and; (d) literature review of knowledge to be treated in the Scientific Work Axis. We concluded that the teachers training of Physical Education to the scientific work needs to include the classical knowledge on the history of philosophy and science, philosophy of science, epistemology and the epistemological debate in the area of Physical Education, examination of knowledge production of area, theoretical approaches and methods, technical and tools of research; as well as be guided by the following objectives and guidelines: consistent theoretical basis, the development of scientific attitude and view of totality, concepts domain, the instrumentation for the production of scientific knowledge, scientific approach of contents and the history as scientific matrix.

The aim is to analyze the legislation means of resolving insolvency, creating a comprehensive business bankruptcies of the insolvency proceedings in bankruptcy reorganization on the basis of a practical example, including subsequent evaluation of the advantages and the low number of permitted reorganisation, and designing themes, de lege ferenda, namely guidelines, which would be appropriate to change the legislation.

This master's thesis deals with issue of cyberbullying. It reports comprehensive view of the phenomen, whose severity has an increasing tendency, in particular thanks to continuous technical progress and development in the field of information and communication technologies. It characterizes particular tools, describes a specific form the resulting risks, which can develop through using the Internet and other digital media. It deals with the effects of cyberbullying to the psychic of the adolescents and brings a comprehensive view and experiences of children and adolescents with this issue. It focuses on the differences in the perception of cyberbullying by children and adults and on the role of social worker in the process of prevention and solution of cyberbullying.

Text in Afrikaans / This study ascertains the extent of the experience of stress and the nature of stress management by educators. The literature showed that stress is defined from various theoretical perspectives; various approaches to stress management exist; and educators manage stress in various ways. This study defines stress from a cognitive-transactional perspective. A qualitative research method was used, descriptive data were generated by focus groups and inductively analysed. The results show that educators experienced stress ( much as seen in the literature) due to organisational, management and personal factors. According to this research, educators experience stress on the physical, emotional, social and intellectual levels. Educators' efforts to deal with stress reflect direct techniques such as seeking personal support and using confrontational techniques, as well as indirect techniques which encompass intellectual and physical techniques. Finally the development of a stress management program for educators is recommended. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Afrikaans text / Met hierdie studie is beoog om leerders se persepsies van skool vas te stel en om riglyne vir ouers daar te stel om leerders met negatiewe persepsies van skool te hanteer. Daar is beoog om hierdie riglyne deur middel van praktiese modelle en werksvelle te implementeer sodat ouers begrip vir kinders se persepsies kan verkry en dat konflik opgelos kan word deur middel van positiewe kommunikasie. In die literatuurstudie word ondersoek ingestel na persepsievorming en die oorsake vir die vorming van negatiewe persepsies van skool. ‘n Persepsie word gevorm deurdat betekenis aan ‘n ervaring, op grond van die persoon se verwysingsraamwerk gegee word. Interne- sowel as eksterne faktore speel ‘n rol wanneer persepsies gevorm word. Eksterne faktore behels die verhouding met rolspelers soos: die ouers, die skool en onderwysers, die portuurgroep en die leerder se verhouding met homself. Interne faktore wat in hierdie studie ondersoek is, behels: lokus van kontrole, motivering, emosionele probleme, kognitiewe probleme en gedragsprobleme.Die navorsingsprobleem is verken met behulp van ‘n loodsondersoek as ‘n voortoets en diagnostiese vraelys wat deur die navorsingsgroep van 50 leerders voltooi is. Onderhoude is met vyf leerders gevoer oor hulle ervaringe en behoeftes met betrekking tot hulle persepsies van skool. Bevindinge dui aan dat ongeveer ‘n vyfde van die skool se leerders oor ‘n negatiewe persepsie van skool beskik. In die vraelys is leerders se persepsies ten opsigte van verskeie rolspelers vasgestel. Daar bestaan behoefte by leerders dat ouers betrokke en ondersteunend sal wees en dat ouers begrip vir hulle persepsies sal toon. Deur middel van praktiese diagramme en werksvelle is begrip en positiewe kommunikasie tussen ouer en kind bewerkstellig. In Hoofstuk 6 word praktiese riglyne aan ouers gegee oor hoe om sy kind, met ‘n negatiewe persepsie van skool, te hanteer. Op hierdie wyse is gepoog dat leerders positiewe ervaringe sal geniet; ‘n positiewe verwysingsraamwerk sal vorm en sodoende positiewe persepsies van skool sal vorm. ‘n Bydrae is ten opsigte van ouerleiding gelewer. Ouers word toegerus om ‘n kind met negatiewe persepsies van skool met begrip te hanteer. / The aim of this study was to determine learners’ perceptions of school and to provide guidelines for parents to deal with negative perceptions of school. These guidelines were implemented using practical models as well as work sheets. These were specifically aimed at enhancing parents’ understanding of the negative perceptions and resolving conflict through positive communication. In the literary study, the constitution of perceptions as well as the causes of the constitution of negative perceptions was investigated. A perception is established when a person gives meaning to an experience based on that person’s frame of reference. Internal and external factors play a part when perceptions are constituted. External factors in this study entail the relationship with parents, school and teachers, peer group and the learner's relationship with himself. Internal factors referred to in this study are locus of control, motivation, emotional problems, cognitive problems and behavioural problems. vii The research problem was explored using a pilot investigation as pre-test. A diagnostic questionnaire was also completed by 50 learners. Five learners were interviewed about their experiences and needs specifically in relation to their perceptions of school. Findings show that approximately one fifth of the learners of the school have negative perceptions of school. In the questionnaire, the learners’ perceptions with respect to a variety of role players were determined. There is a definite need for parents to be involved and supportive. Learners also need them to show understanding for their perceptions. Positive communication and understanding between parents and learners were established through practical diagrams and work sheets. In Chapter 6 practical guidelines are given to equip parents to understand how to handle the child with negative perceptions. The aim of this was to encourage learners to enjoy positive experiences, to form a positive frame of reference and therefore develop positive perceptions of school. A contribution towards parental guidance was made. Parents are left equipped to deal with a child with negative perceptions of school. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Approaches to teaching primary school mathematics Abstract: The main goal of this thesis is to clarify the differences between two distinct approaches to teaching mathematics at primary school, the transmissive approach and so called genetic constructivism. The theoretical part of the thesis describes main features of these two approaches to teaching mathematics. The practical part shows approaches of two concrete teachers of the first grade, which are investigated by observation, analysis of videorecordings from mathematics lessons and interviews with the teachers. The videorecordings analysis shows didactic aspects of each teacher's approach to teaching. Dealing with pupil's error has been chosen as leading didactic aspect and is analysed in more detail. Furthermore, the author's development of her own approach to teaching mathematics is analysed. Key words: approach to teaching, method, technique, constructivist approach, transmissive approach, dealing with errors, individualisation, teacher's professional development

In this study, a model of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was developed, implemented and assessed. The aim of this model is to assist HIV-positive women in dealing with internalised and enacted stigma. Since much of the research about therapies developed to deal with HIV-related stigma so far has been done within a western frame of reference, in the current study a model was developed to suit the local South African situation. Women were specifically targeted as they are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and are disproportionately affected by the epidemic. Because of culturally determined gender roles, women are not always in a position to take control of their sexual health. Furthermore, because of the negative experiences of HIV diagnosis, the stigma has a negative impact on women’s behaviour. As a result, there is a need for a therapeutic model to assist HIV-positive women in changing the experience of internalised stigma and discrimination. A CBT approach was used in therapy to challenge the women’s dysfunctional beliefs, to change their automatic thoughts and to promote more realistic adaptive patterns of thinking. All of these aimed to assist them in dealing with stigma. Eight therapy sessions (one a week for eight weeks) were planned for each of the women. This research was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, data was gathered about the experiences of HIV-positive women to gain an understanding of their experiences of HIV-related stigma and discrimination. Various sources of information were used to identify not only the relevant themes contributing to the individual’s experience of internalised stigma, but also possible ways to change them. These sources included a study of the available literature, the researcher's own experience and focus group discussions with other psychologists in practice, and interviews with five HIV-positive women (in the form of case studies). Five women living with HIV/AIDS, who were experiencing difficulties in dealing with stigma, were recruited at Witbank Hospital, where they were interviewed and asked to complete five psychometric instruments. The researcher scrutinised the data gained from the psychometric scales to assess the validity of the instruments to identifying the feelings of the participants the researcher observed in the interviews. Rubin and Rubin's (1995) method was used to analyse the data. The findings that emerged from Phase 1 were used to identify common themes to be addressed in the intervention, for example feelings of powerlessness, feelings of guilt, behavioural implications of stigma, the experience of the reaction of others and uncertainty about the future. These themes were used as guidelines and were adapted according to the specific needs of each of the women seen in therapy so as to address negative feelings and behaviour. Phase 2 focused on the implementation and evaluation of the cognitive behavioural model. A purposive sampling technique was used for this study. The model was tried out with ten HIV-positive women who served as the experimental group. A quasi-experimental design was used, involving a pre-and post-test and a control group consisting of ten other women identified at the same hospital. The scores that the experimental group and the control group obtained before the intervention were compared to verify that the two groups were comparable prior to the intervention. Post-test scores were compared to investigate differences between the groups after the intervention. The process notes of the therapy sessions were analysed by means of qualitative analysis to understand the reactions of the women in therapy. This contributed to the researcher’s understanding of the appropriateness and effectiveness of various therapeutic techniques used with the experimental group. Findings of this research indicate that, when compared to the control group, the experimental group not only experienced less depression, internalised stigma and negative coping, but also higher levels of self-esteem and positive coping after having participated in eight therapy sessions. The study further revealed that being HIV positive and trying to cope with stigma and discrimination involve diverse experiences for women, although there are common themes for all participants. It was recommended that the intervention be altered in future use in the following ways: Those techniques that were found to be more effective with the majority of women (positive cognitive reframing, teaching of coping strategies, homework assignments, decatastrophising and assertiveness training) could probably be used with success in similar conditions. Only the techniques that worked well should be used, and care should be taken not to use too many techniques. Each client should be given the time to question the evidence for her automatic thoughts and to draw her own conclusions about her situation, feelings or thoughts and to grasp the cognitive strategies, rather than to bombard her with many different techniques. The therapist should also relate more to the individual client and adapt the model to her context, rather than to implement the model rigorously. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Psychology / unrestricted

Abstract The thesis deals with effective interpersonal communication and communication with customers, which is one of the most important parts of marketing. The thesis is divided into three main sections – theoretical, analytical and practical. The theoretical part describes external and internal communication in corporate management. The analytical section describes the company Videoklinik Ltd. from perspective of its activities and by means of analysis identifies weaknesses in communication. In the practical part elements of communication are drawn and recommended to streamline system of communication within and outside the company thus to secure not only prosperity of the company but mainly its maintenance on the market.