Le travail de thèse cherche à dresser une passerelle entre la question du changement organisationnel et celle des risques, à travers l'étude d'une phase complexe du cycle de vie d'une installation nucléaire : le passage du fonctionnement au démantèlement. Ce dernier clôt une dynamique d'exploitation et en hérite les habitudes, les circuits de communication et de décision, mais s'accompagne d'un changement organisationnel conséquent que les acteurs doivent apprendre et intégrer. Il s'agit donc d'interroger la dynamique de transformation organisationnelle en la replaçant dans un mouvement plus global d'évolution d'une installation dans le temps. Nous cherchons à comprendre dans quelle mesure l'organisation mise en place répond ou non aux besoins de l'installation et de ses acteurs. La thèse montre que la transition s'inscrit dans une temporalité propre où les conséquences et la compréhension du changement ne sont pas homogènes. La transition s'accompagne d'une appropriation différée des nouveaux circuits de décision ainsi que d'une recomposition des réseaux d'acteurs. Cette recomposition met en évidence une tendance au contournement temporaire des structures légitimes de l'organisation qui permet la synthèse progressive des nouvelles contraintes et des anciens univers référentiels des acteurs. / The thesis seeks to establish a bridge between the issue of organizational change and safety, through the study of a complex phase of the life cycle of a nuclear facility: the transition from operation to decommissioning. Decommissioning closes an operating dynamics and inherits habits, communication channels and decision, but is accompanied by an organizational change plant operatives must understand and take possession of. The thesis therefore examines the dynamics of organizational transformation by taking into account a broader movement of evolution of a system over time. We seek to understand how the organization does or does not meet the needs of the facility and its actors. We show that the transition follows in its own temporality and that the consequences and their understanding are not homogeneous. The transition is accompanied by a deferred appropriation by the plant operatives of the new decision circuits, and a radical recomposition of operatives networks. This reconstruction reveals a trend towards a temporary bypass of legitimate organizational structures, as well as a gradual synthesis of the old and new referential universes for the plant operators.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第17796号 / エネ博第279号 / 新制||エネ||58(附属図書館) / 30603 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 下田 宏, 教授 手塚 哲央, 教授 釜江 克宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The global market for wind energy is expanding rapidly, and in the last decade, Sweden has constructed thousands of wind turbines. The high installation pace suggests that a similarly rapid decommissioning rate is to be anticipated in the near future, notwithstanding the small number of turbines that have been retired thus far. There will be serious questions about the viability of wind power as a clean energy option if the decommissioned material by unfunctional turbines is not managed in a proper manner. The purpose of this research is to provide the distribution of Swedish installed wind turbine with the aspect of age, brand & model, hub height & rotor diameter, and nameplate capacity and also a reliable estimate of the total amount of decommissioned material that will be produced by wind turbines in Sweden over the next two decades. The results will represent to current characteristic of an industry to benefit the operation & maintenance activity and wind industry market research. Moreover, this will also help the waste management sector prepare for the inevitable increase in decommissioned material. The estimates are based on the installation dates, rotor diameter and other pertinent data included in vbk.lansstyrelsen.se, a Swedish national wind turbine map service. Applying the available data set with logarithmic function of rotor diameter and material fraction technique, the quantity of steel, iron, copper,aluminium, blade material, and electronics were generated. The material of each turbine is considered to be dismantled as wastes at 20 years after the installation date due to the industry average and comparison with empirical facts. As the results, the distributions show that most of Swedish wind turbines were installed between 2007 and 2016 and the most popular rated capacity ranged between 2 MW to 3 MW. Furthermore, the biggest market share belonged to Vestas, Enercon, and Siemens, respectively. The forecasted numbers reveal a large increase in decommissioned material weights year by year, and the blade material end-of-life management is the key concern when comparing the estimated number to Sweden's waste management capacity. Limitations associated with the suggested methodology and adopting data set are presented and discussed.

Large quantities of high-level radioactive waste were generated during WWII. This waste is being stored in facilities such as double-shell tanks in Washington, and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico. Due to the dangerous nature of radioactive waste, these facilities must undergo periodic inspections to ensure that leaks are detected quickly. In this work, we provide a set of methodologies to aid in the monitoring and inspection of these hazardous facilities. This allows inspection of dangerous regions without a human operator, and for the inspection of locations where a person would not be physically able to enter. First, we describe a robot equipped with sensors which uses a modified A* path-planning algorithm to navigate in a complex environment with a tether constraint. This is then augmented with an adaptive informative path planning approach that uses the assimilated sensor data within a Gaussian Process distribution model. The model's predictive outputs are used to adaptively plan the robot's path, to quickly map and localize areas from an unknown field of interest. The work was validated in extensive simulation testing and early hardware tests. Next, we focused on how to assign tasks to a heterogeneous set of robots. Task assignment is done in a manner which allows for task-robot dependencies, prioritization of tasks, collision checking, and more realistic travel estimates among other improvements from the state-of-the-art. Simulation testing of this work shows an increase in the number of tasks which are completed ahead of a deadline. Finally, we consider the case where robots are not able to complete planned tasks fully autonomously and require operator assistance during parts of their planned trajectory. We present a sampling-based methodology for allocating operator attention across multiple robots, or across different parts of a more sophisticated robot. This allows few operators to oversee large numbers of robots, allowing for a more scalable robotic infrastructure. This work was tested in simulation for both multi-robot deployment, and high degree-of-freedom robots, and was also tested in multi-robot hardware deployments. The work here can allow robots to carry out complex tasks, autonomously or with operator assistance. Altogether, these three components provide a comprehensive approach towards robotic deployment within the deactivation and decommissioning tasks faced by the Department of Energy.

Lagstiftningen som reglerar förhållandet mellan arbetsgivare och arbetstagare är arbetsrätten som regleras i lagen (1982:80) om anställningsskydd (LAS). Saklig grund måste uppfyllas för uppsägning samt avsked, för att dessa två ska vara giltiga i en rättsprocess. Detta innebär att arbetstagaren måste grovt ha åsidosatt sina åtaganden, detta kan exempelvis ske vid missbruk eller narkotikainnehav vilket framkommer i de rättsfall som behandlas i uppsatsen. Innan ett avsked eller uppsägning bör arbetsgivaren se över ett antal kriterier i valet av de två olika vägarna såsom omplacerings- och rehabiliteringsskyldigheten. En närmare granskning av de lagar samt kostnader som kan uppstå i och med den rådande lagstiftningen kommer att ses över. Uppsatsen kommer även behandlas ur ett HRM-perspektiv och se över de för och nackdelar detta innebär långsiktigt för arbetsgivaren, samt vilka andra vägar en arbetsgivare kan välja att gå vid avveckling av tillsvidareanställda, dessa kan vara mer eller mindre etiskt acceptabla. Arbetsgivare bör dock vara medvetna om de framtida konsekvenser dessa kan ge vid framtida rekrytering.En närmare granskning av ett flertal rättsfall kommer att ske för att ge läsaren en större förståelse över de kostnader som kan uppkomma vid avveckling. / The legislation governing the relationship between employers and employees is employment law in the Act (1982:80) (LAS). Factual basis must be met for dismissal and termination for any of these two to be valid in a lawsuit, this means that an employee must be in grave breach of his obligations. This may occur by misuse or possession of drugs as demonstrated in the court cases that is being cover in the essay. Before a termination or dismissal, the employer should review a number of criteria in the choice of the two different pathways such as relocation and rehabilitation obligation. A closer examination of the laws, regulations and costs that may arise from the current legislation will be reviewed. The essay will also be treated from an HRM perspective and review the pros and cons , this means long-term for the employer and which other ways an employer can choose to go for the settlement of the staff, these can be more or less ethically acceptable. Employers should be aware of the future implications these may provide in future recruitment. A close examination of a number of court cases will be done to give the reader a greater understanding of the costs that may be incurred in settlement.

This thesis deals with the process of Capacity Management. The main objective of the process is to ensure sufficient capacity of existing infrastructure to support daily business operations and projections of future capacity based on the requirements of the business. In the first part the author focuses on the basic performance characteristics of the Capacity Management coming within the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). Also, the author analyzes the process of Capacity Management in an unnamed company and compares it with the best practices of ITIL. The second part is derived from the first, where the author discusses the Business Capacity Management and management of the capacity of IS/ICT. The last part of thesis is about Cloud Computing technologies from the Capacity Management point of view, as well as the introduction of such technologies in selected company. Each part consists of both theoretical backgrounds from diverse sources, as well as practical experience of the author.

Diploma thesis Conflict Resolution in International Relations: The Case Study of Northern Ireland Conflict examines development of the conflict and peace process between the years of 1980 and 2007. A complex concept of conflict analysis by Peter Wallensteen is applied to the case of Northern Ireland. Using the method of process tracing allows for a detailed understanding of the transformation of conflict dynamics from negative to positive. Such a transformation results from behavior and attitudes of individual actors who act positively and in a constructive way. The following actors were identified as the main parties to the conflict: IRA, Northern Ireland political parties - mostly the UUP, DUP, SDLP, and SF - governments of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Development of their attitudes and interests is examined with respect to five distinct categories: involvement of independent authorities and/or third parties; ideology and understanding of the main goals; economic conditions; cultural aspects; and the matter of decommissioning. The Northern Ireland case illustrates that the change of behavior eventually led to the transformation of the conflict and its resolution. However, it also illustrates how painfully slow process it was.

Wind power is growing fast all over the world, and in Sweden alone thousands of turbines has been installed the last few decades. Although the number of decommissioned turbines so far is very low, the rapid installation rate indicates that a similar rapid decommissioning rate is to be expected shortly. If the waste material from these turbines is not handled sustainably the whole concept of wind power as a clean energy alternative is challenged. This study aims to present an accurate estimate of the amounts of waste material that will be generated from wind turbines in Sweden during the coming decades, allowing the waste management industry to plan for this and by extension prevent unnecessary energy losses through imperfect waste treatment. It should also present helpful information on how problematic waste can be reduced or avoided. VindStat’s annual report, presenting installation date and other relevant data for most installed turbines in Sweden, has been used as the base for the calculations. Information on material composition in different types and sizes of wind turbines has been extracted from various life cycle assessments, and by using the available parameters in the data base each turbine has been assigned a specific amount of steel, iron, copper, aluminum, blade material and electronics. An average life time of 20 years has been assumed, based on prior research and comparison with empiric data, and the material of each turbine is therefore seen as generated waste 20 years after installation date. To calculate the amount of waste material from replacing faulty components, empiric data over replacement rates in further developed markets has been combined with a prognosis over future development of installed wind capacity in Sweden based on a method described by prior research. As no sufficient way to predict how the future second hand market for turbines and components has been found, three different possible scenarios have been investigated to see how this may affect waste amounts. The results show that annual waste will grow slowly at about 12 % increase per year until around 2026, and then the average increase is 41 % per year until 2034. By then, annual waste amounts are estimated to have reached 237 600 tonne steel and iron (16 % of currently recycled amounts), 2 300 tonne aluminium (4 %), 3 300 tonne copper (5 %), 343 tonne electronics (<1 %) and 28 100 tonne blade material. There is no industrial scale recycling method for commonly used blade materials, and a high strength steel developed by Sandvik is proposed as a fully recyclable material to consider for further research. A well-functioning second hand market is shown to possibly have a major impact on waste amounts, at least in postponing it until better recycling systems are in place. / Vindkraft är en snabbt växande energikälla världen över och enbart i Sverige har tusentals vindkraftverk installerats under senaste decennier. Även om antalet nedmonterade verk än så länge är relativt lågt, indikerar det stora antalet årliga installationer att ett liknande antal nedmonteringar är att vänta inom kort. Om avfallsmaterialet från dessa verk inte hanteras på ett hållbart sätt riskeras att syftet med vindkraft som ett miljövänligt alternativ utmanas. Målet med studien är att presentera en noggrann uppskattning om vilka mängder avfallsmaterial som kommer att genereras från vindkraftverk i Sverige under kommande årtionden, vilken kan användas för att planera avfallshantering och på så vis i förlängningen undvika onödiga energiförluster genom felaktiga processer. Information om hur problematiskt avfall kan undvikas eller minskas ska även presenteras. Vindstats årliga rapport, vilken presenterar installationsdatum och annan relevant information för de flesta installerade vindkraftverk, har använts som bas för beräkningar. Information över materialfördelning i olika typer och storlekar av vindkraftverk har extraherats från ett antal livscykelanalyser och genom att använda tillgängliga parametrar i databasen har varje enskilt vindkraftverk tilldelats en specifik mängd stål, järn, koppar, aluminium, bladmaterial och elektronik. En genomsnittlig livslängd på 20 år har antagits, baserat på tidigare forskning och jämförelse med empirisk data, och materialet i vindkraftverken har därför setts som genererat avfall 20 år efter installationsdatum. För att beräkna mängden avfallsmaterial från utbytta komponenter har empirisk data över utbytningsfrekvenser hos mer utvecklade marknader applicerats på en prognos över över möjlig framtida utbyggnad av vindkraftskapacitet i Sverige som skapats enligt en metod beskriven i tidigare forskning. Eftersom ingen fullständig metod har funnits för att förutse hur framtida andrahandsmarknad för vindkraftverk och komponenter så har tre möjliga scenarion undersökts för att se hur detta kan komma att påverka avfallsmängder. Resultaten visar att de årliga avfallsmängderna förväntas växa med ca 12 % per år fram till 2026, och därefter i genomsnitt 41 % per år fram till 2034. Då förväntas avfallsmängderna uppnått 237 600 ton stål och järn (16 % av nuvarande återvunnen mängd), 2 300 ton aluminium (4 %), 3 300 ton koppar (5 %), 343 ton elektronik (<1 %) och 28 100 ton bladmaterial. Det finns ingen metod för att återvinna vanligen använda bladmaterial på industriell skala, och ett extra starkt stål utvecklat av Sandvik föreslås som fullt återvinningsbart alternativ att undersöka. En väl fungerande andrahandsmarknad visar sig kunna ha en betydande inverkan på framtida avfallsmängder, åtminstone genom att skjuta upp behovet av hantering tills ett mer effektivt system finns på plats.

Submitted by thiago martins silveira (t.silveira2003@ig.com.br) on 2015-12-11T19:37:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-12-21T18:14:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-12-21T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-21T18:15:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) Previous issue date: 205-05-28 / O objetivo deste trabalho é propor a utilização do arcabouço teórico das opções reais e a posterior aplicação do modelo binomial na avaliação de projetos relacionados à exploração e produção de petróleo, tendo em vista a flexibilidade gerencial, os riscos e as incertezas técnicas e de mercado que norteiam o setor petrolífero upstream. Ademais, a aplicação do modelo proposto capta o papel crucial da volatilidade do preço do petróleo na avaliação da decisão de investimento e revela a existência dos custos irrecuperáveis extremos decorrentes do ativo real, neste caso, a unidade marítima de petróleo. Assim, com o intuito de prolongar o ciclo de produção de unidade marítima de petróleo com características preestabelecidas, propõe-se a avaliação econômica de duas alternativas tecnológicas para a extensão de vida útil da plataforma marítima objeto de estudo, sendo estas alternativas tratadas como opções de expansão. As alternativas propostas são duas: o afretamento da UMS (Unidade de Manutenção e Segurança) acoplada à plataforma e a docagem da plataforma a partir da desmobilização, isto é, o descomissionamento, e envio da plataforma ao estaleiro. Na aplicação da primeira opção, a UMS se configura em uma embarcação equipada com toda a estrutura necessária para a realização de serviço de manutenção e revitalização, sem que ocorra interrupção da produção de petróleo. Por outro lado, a opção de descomissionamento é desprovida de receita até o retorno da plataforma do estaleiro. No que tange à metodologia do presente trabalho, o modelo binomial com probabilidades de risco neutro é aplicado considerando a receita proveniente da produção de petróleo de uma plataforma marítima com sistema de produção flutuante com 14 poços, sendo 10 produtores e 4 injetores e sustentada por 8 linhas de ancoragem. Também é definida a volatilidade do projeto como sendo a volatilidade do preço do petróleo. Por fim, as opções de expansão podem ser exercidas a qualquer momento antes da data de expiração das opções, data esta coincidente para ambas as opções e referente ao término de contrato de afretamento da UMS, que corresponde ao período de cinco anos. Neste período de cinco anos, as duas alternativas são exercidas a partir do primeiro ano, com receitas e custos distintos em virtude das especificidades decorrentes das alternativas tecnológicas propostas. A partir da aplicação do modelo binomial com probabilidades de risco neutro sob o enfoque das opções reais, as duas alternativas tecnológicas são tratadas como opções americanas na avaliação econômica da revitalização e manutenção da plataforma marítima. Também realiza-se a análise tradicional do VPL para as duas alternativas. As duas análises apontam para a escolha da UMS como alternativa ótima de expansão da vida útil da plataforma. Ademais, a análise sob o enfoque das opções reais capta um valor adicional em ambas as alternativas tecnológicas, fruto das características inerentes à indústria petrolífera. Quanto à estrutura do trabalho em questão se divide em cinco capítulos: introdução, referencial teórico, metodologia, apresentação dos resultados e as considerações finais. / This paper purposes the use of theoretical framework of real options and posterior employment of binomial model in project evaluation concerning the exploration and production of oil, in view of manager flexibility, risks, techniques and market uncertainties that guide the upstream oil sector. Furthermore, the apliccation of the proposed model captures the crucial role of the volatility of oil price in the evaluation of investment decision and brings out the presence of high sunk costs resulting from real asset, in this case, offshore oil platform. Thus, in order to prolong the maritime unit of production cycle oil with predetermined characteristics, it is proposed economic evaluation of two alternative technologies for the lifetime extension of offshore studied, and these alternatives treated as options to expansion. The alternatives proposals are: the chartering of MSU (Maintenance and Safety Unit) coupled to platform and the send of offshore platform in the dock after its decommissioning and its send to shipyard. In the implementation of the first option, MSU configures a equipped vessel with all the necessary structure to perform maintenance and revitalization without interruption of oil production. On the other hand, the option of decommissioning is devoid of revenue until the regress of the offshore platform from the shipyard. Concerning the methodology of this study, the binomial model with risk-neutral probabilities is applied regarding the revenue arising from the oil production of offshore platform with floating production system that accept 14 oil wells, including 10 production well and 4 injection well and supported by 8 anchor line. The volatility of project is also defined as the volatility of oil price. Lastly, the options to expand may be exercised anytime before its expiration date that coincides for both options and concerning the end of contract of MSU that correspond to the period of five years. In this period, both alternatives are exercised from the first year, with differents revenue and costs by virtue of specificities resulting from the technological alternatives proposals. From the application of binomial model with risk-neutral probabilities from the standpoint of real options, these two alternatives are treated as american options in the evaluation of revitalization and maintenance of offshore platform. Also takes place the traditional analysis of NPV for both alternatives. These two analysis point at choice of MSU as the best alternative for prolonging the useful life of offshore platform. Moreover, the analysis from the standpoint of real options capture additional value in both technological alternatives, the result of characteristics inherent in the oil industry. As for the structure of the work in question is divided into five chapters: introduction, theoretical framework, methodology, presentation of results and final considerations.

L’entrée en vigueur du code général de la propriété des personnes publiques le 26 avril 2006 a profondément modifié la perception du patrimoine des collectivités territoriales. Le code permet, d’une part, de consacrer le statut de propriétaire de l’ensemble des collectivités territoriales et, d’autre part, de resserrer le périmètre de leur patrimoine relevant du régime de la domanialité publique. Les critères d’identification du domaine public immobilier tendent à limiter les possibilités d’extension de son champ d’application tandis que la création d’une nouvelle définition du domaine public mobilier vise à restreindre l’application des règles de la domanialité publique aux seuls biens présentant un intérêt public culturel. L’identification du patrimoine local souffre cependant toujours d’imperfections. En raison de la technique de codification à droit non constant, les modifications apportées par le code doivent désormais s’analyser à travers une jurisprudence souvent hésitante dans son application des nouveaux critères. Les règles relatives à l’application temporelle du code reportent pour l’instant sa mise en œuvre et le juge tente parfois maladroitement de combler le vide. Et si la codification a réussi à consacrer le statut de propriétaire des collectivités territoriales, la maîtrise in fine de leur patrimoine relève toujours de l’Etat, propriétaire éminent. / The perception of local authorities assets has been significantly changed by the entry into force of the general Code on public property on 26 April 2006. The code sanctions the local ownership status and tighten the criteria of the public domain. The possibilities of extending the scope of the public domain tend to be tighten by those criteria, while a new definition of movable property limits the application of public domain's law to cultural interest goods. However, the identification of local heritage continues suffering from several defects. The specificities of this “non-constant” codification means that all the code's innovations have to be analysed through the jurispridence which is still hesitant with the new criteria. The rules relating to the temporary application of the code postpone his setting-up.and the judge often makes incovenient decisions. Lastly, even if the codification succed in sanctioning the ownership status of local authorities, the general control of territorial authorities ownership is still coming within the competency of the State.