The subject of this Master thesis is to identify the current situation and find an optimal solutions for communication; especially for e-communication between Municipal District Prague 9 and citizens, based on outcomes from surveys conducted with the citizens, employees and observe other Municipal offices. The theoretical part is mainly focused on the interpretation of terms, some of the relevant types of e-communication, methodology and process of market research. In the practical part is depict the current situation, further analyzed the outcome from the conducted survey research and the resulted suggestions and recommendations. I strongly believe that the outcomes from this Master thesis will contribute to achieve a desired objective of Municipal District Prague 9, which is optimal satisfaction of their citizens.

Naturbaserad terapi utprövas i Sverige för utmattningssyndrom och annan stressrelaterad ohälsa. Ett omfattande forskningsunderlag visar på naturens läkande effekter vad gäller stressreduktion och återhämtning. Det behövs dock mer forskning för att klargöra behandlingens effekter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka patienters och behandlares upplevelser av naturbaserad terapi i formen grön rehabilitering och trädgårdsterapi, för att få förståelse för vilka faktorer som upplevs vara verksamma i behandlingen,  hur förändring upplevs ske och vad den innebär. Totalt har 12 kvinnor, sex behandlare och sex patienter, intervjuats. Materialet har analyserats induktivt tematiskt. Resultatet visra på trivsel, motivation och upplevt växande hos alla respondenter. Patienterna betonar miljö och bemötande; aktivitet, värme och upplevd kravlöshet. Naturvistelser samt gruppformatet med kreativa och fysiska övningar ger utmaningar, mer medveten närvaro i kroppen, samt symbolik som underlättar kommunikation. Sammantaget visar resultaten på förbättringar för flera patienter vad gäller både kroppsmedvetande och kommunikationsfärdigheter. De har också fått strategier som ger dem bättre möjligheter att hantera ångestrelaterade situationer i vardagen. För personalens del är arbetsmotivation utifrån förbättrad arbetssituation den mest framträdande faktorn.

Submitted by thiago martins silveira (t.silveira2003@ig.com.br) on 2015-12-11T19:37:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-12-21T18:14:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-12-21T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-21T18:15:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação THIAGO envio vitor 11.12.pdf: 1008243 bytes, checksum: 0a7a2e57fa290ee5228d81e283f0d348 (MD5) Previous issue date: 205-05-28 / O objetivo deste trabalho é propor a utilização do arcabouço teórico das opções reais e a posterior aplicação do modelo binomial na avaliação de projetos relacionados à exploração e produção de petróleo, tendo em vista a flexibilidade gerencial, os riscos e as incertezas técnicas e de mercado que norteiam o setor petrolífero upstream. Ademais, a aplicação do modelo proposto capta o papel crucial da volatilidade do preço do petróleo na avaliação da decisão de investimento e revela a existência dos custos irrecuperáveis extremos decorrentes do ativo real, neste caso, a unidade marítima de petróleo. Assim, com o intuito de prolongar o ciclo de produção de unidade marítima de petróleo com características preestabelecidas, propõe-se a avaliação econômica de duas alternativas tecnológicas para a extensão de vida útil da plataforma marítima objeto de estudo, sendo estas alternativas tratadas como opções de expansão. As alternativas propostas são duas: o afretamento da UMS (Unidade de Manutenção e Segurança) acoplada à plataforma e a docagem da plataforma a partir da desmobilização, isto é, o descomissionamento, e envio da plataforma ao estaleiro. Na aplicação da primeira opção, a UMS se configura em uma embarcação equipada com toda a estrutura necessária para a realização de serviço de manutenção e revitalização, sem que ocorra interrupção da produção de petróleo. Por outro lado, a opção de descomissionamento é desprovida de receita até o retorno da plataforma do estaleiro. No que tange à metodologia do presente trabalho, o modelo binomial com probabilidades de risco neutro é aplicado considerando a receita proveniente da produção de petróleo de uma plataforma marítima com sistema de produção flutuante com 14 poços, sendo 10 produtores e 4 injetores e sustentada por 8 linhas de ancoragem. Também é definida a volatilidade do projeto como sendo a volatilidade do preço do petróleo. Por fim, as opções de expansão podem ser exercidas a qualquer momento antes da data de expiração das opções, data esta coincidente para ambas as opções e referente ao término de contrato de afretamento da UMS, que corresponde ao período de cinco anos. Neste período de cinco anos, as duas alternativas são exercidas a partir do primeiro ano, com receitas e custos distintos em virtude das especificidades decorrentes das alternativas tecnológicas propostas. A partir da aplicação do modelo binomial com probabilidades de risco neutro sob o enfoque das opções reais, as duas alternativas tecnológicas são tratadas como opções americanas na avaliação econômica da revitalização e manutenção da plataforma marítima. Também realiza-se a análise tradicional do VPL para as duas alternativas. As duas análises apontam para a escolha da UMS como alternativa ótima de expansão da vida útil da plataforma. Ademais, a análise sob o enfoque das opções reais capta um valor adicional em ambas as alternativas tecnológicas, fruto das características inerentes à indústria petrolífera. Quanto à estrutura do trabalho em questão se divide em cinco capítulos: introdução, referencial teórico, metodologia, apresentação dos resultados e as considerações finais. / This paper purposes the use of theoretical framework of real options and posterior employment of binomial model in project evaluation concerning the exploration and production of oil, in view of manager flexibility, risks, techniques and market uncertainties that guide the upstream oil sector. Furthermore, the apliccation of the proposed model captures the crucial role of the volatility of oil price in the evaluation of investment decision and brings out the presence of high sunk costs resulting from real asset, in this case, offshore oil platform. Thus, in order to prolong the maritime unit of production cycle oil with predetermined characteristics, it is proposed economic evaluation of two alternative technologies for the lifetime extension of offshore studied, and these alternatives treated as options to expansion. The alternatives proposals are: the chartering of MSU (Maintenance and Safety Unit) coupled to platform and the send of offshore platform in the dock after its decommissioning and its send to shipyard. In the implementation of the first option, MSU configures a equipped vessel with all the necessary structure to perform maintenance and revitalization without interruption of oil production. On the other hand, the option of decommissioning is devoid of revenue until the regress of the offshore platform from the shipyard. Concerning the methodology of this study, the binomial model with risk-neutral probabilities is applied regarding the revenue arising from the oil production of offshore platform with floating production system that accept 14 oil wells, including 10 production well and 4 injection well and supported by 8 anchor line. The volatility of project is also defined as the volatility of oil price. Lastly, the options to expand may be exercised anytime before its expiration date that coincides for both options and concerning the end of contract of MSU that correspond to the period of five years. In this period, both alternatives are exercised from the first year, with differents revenue and costs by virtue of specificities resulting from the technological alternatives proposals. From the application of binomial model with risk-neutral probabilities from the standpoint of real options, these two alternatives are treated as american options in the evaluation of revitalization and maintenance of offshore platform. Also takes place the traditional analysis of NPV for both alternatives. These two analysis point at choice of MSU as the best alternative for prolonging the useful life of offshore platform. Moreover, the analysis from the standpoint of real options capture additional value in both technological alternatives, the result of characteristics inherent in the oil industry. As for the structure of the work in question is divided into five chapters: introduction, theoretical framework, methodology, presentation of results and final considerations.

Die Dissertation leistet drei Beiträge zur Forschung: (1) Sie entwickelt ein neuartiges vierstufiges Modell wissenschaftlicher Theorien. Dieses Modell kombiniert logisch-empiristische Ansätze (Carnap, Popper, Frege) mit Konzepten von Metaphern & Narrativen (Wittgenstein, Burke, Morgan), erlaubt so deutlich präzisiere Beschreibungen wissenschaftlicher Theorien bereit und löst/mildert Widersprüche in logisch-empiristischen Modellen. (Realismus vs. Empirismus, analytische vs. synthetische Aussagen, Unterdeterminiertheit/ Holismus, wissenschaftliche Erklärungen, Demarkation) (2) Mit diesem Modell gelingt ein Reihenvergleich sechs biologischer Theorien von Lamarck (1809), über Cuvier (1811), Geoffroy St. Hilaire (1835), Chambers (1844-60), Owen (1848-68), Wallace (1855/8) zu Darwin (1859-1872). Dieser Vergleich offenbart eine interessante Asymmetrie: Vergleicht man Darwin mit je einem Vorgänger, so bestehen zahlreiche wichtige Unterschiede. Vergleicht man ihn mit fünf Vorgängern, verschwinden diese fast völlig: Darwins originärer Beitrag zur Revolution in der Biologie des 19.Jh ist klein und seine Antwort nur eine aus einer kontinuierlichen Serie auf die empirischen Herausforderungen durch Paläontologie & Biogeographie seit Ende des 18. Jh. (3) Eine gestufte Rezeptionsanalyse zeigt, warum wir dennoch von einer Darwinschen Revolution sprechen. Zuerst zeigt eine quantitative Analyse der fast 2.000 biologischen Artikel in Britannien zwischen 1858 und 1876, dass Darwinsche Konzepte zwar wichtige Neuerungen brachten, jedoch nicht singulär herausragen. Verlässt man die Biologie und schaut sich die Rezeption bei anderen Wissenschaftlern und gebildeten Laien an, wechselt das Bild: Je weiter man aus der Biologie heraustritt, desto weniger Ebenen biologischen Wissens kennen die Rezipienten und desto sichtbarer wird Darwins Beitrag. Schließlich findet sich sein Beitrag in den abstraktesten Ebenen des biologischen Wissens: in Narrativ und Weltbild – den Ebenen die Laien rezipieren. / The dissertation makes three contributions to research: (1) It develops a novel 4-level-model of scientific theories which combines logical-empirical ideas (Carnap, Popper, Frege) with concepts of metaphors & narratives (Wittgenstein, Burke, Morgan), providing a new powerful toolbox for the analysis & comparison of scientific theories and overcoming/softening contradictions in logical-empirical models. (realism vs. empiricism, analytic vs. synthetic statements, holism, theory-laden observations, scientific explanations, demarcation) (2) Based on this model, the dissertation compares six biological theories from Lamarck (1809), via Cuvier (1811), Geoffroy St. Hilaire (1835), Chambers (1844-60), Owen (1848-68), Wallace (1855/8) to Darwin (1859-1872) and reveals an interesting asymmetry: Compared to any one of his predecessors, Darwins theory appears very original, however, compared to all five predecessor theories, many of these differences disappear and it remains but a small original contribution by Darwin. Thus, Darwin’s is but one in a continuous series of responses to the challenges posed to biology by paleontology and biogeography since the end of the 18th century. (3) A 3-level reception analysis, finally, demonstrates why we speak of a Darwinian revolution nevertheless. (i) A quantitative analysis of nearly 2.000 biological articles reveals that Darwinian concepts where indeed an important theoretical innovation – but definitely not the most important of the time. (ii) When leaving the circle of biology and moving to scientists from other disciplines or educated laymen, the landscape changes. The further outside the biological community, the shallower the audience’s knowledge – and the more visible Darwin’s original contribution. After all, most of Darwin’s contribution can be found in the narrative and worldview of 19th century biology: the only level of knowledge which laymen receive.