Este trabalho foi realizado em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de São Paulo entre o segundo semestre de 2005 e o primeiro semestre de 2006. Ele tem a finalidade de discutir o processo de formação de crianças e adolescentes para a participação em processos decisórios em uma escola pública municipal. Tal objetivo se justifica por estar determinado constitucionalmente à educação a formação para a cidadania, sendo a participação um de seus elementos fundamentais. A nossa referência é o conceito de cidadania ativa (Benevides), que implica a interferência intencional dos cidadãos nos rumos das políticas públicas. Além disso, compreende-se que há um vínculo necessário entre educação e democracia (Paro), na medida em que o ser humano somente se constrói enquanto tal por um ato de vontade própria no processo de transcendência a uma dada realidade (o que gera o domínio da liberdade), constituindo a cultura acumulada e construída historicamente o que lhe possibilita tal transcendência e sendo a educação o meio de apropriação da cultura. Portanto, a educação, enquanto um direito humano, somente se concretiza na medida em que o aluno faz-se sujeito desse processo. Disso decorre a necessidade do aluno, em conjunto com o coletivo da escola, também auxiliar a decidir sobre os rumos pedagógicos. Diante disso, a participação estudantil é entendida como a atuação dos alunos nas decisões acerca do projeto pedagógico e dos meios necessários para se atingir as finalidades coletivamente definidas. Na escola pública municipal o espaço instituído legalmente para isso é o Conselho de Escola. Contudo, em termos de formação para a participação discente, outros espaços como o Grêmio Estudantil, a rádio da escola (formada a partir do programa Educom.radio) e os projetos desenvolvidos pela EMEF Eliseu Dias, principalmente as ações em defesa dos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica em associação a uma Sociedade Amigos de Bairro local, mostraram-se mais relevantes. Os dados da pesquisa, obtidos principalmente em entrevistas à equipe escolar e discente e durante as reuniões do Grêmio, da rádio e do Conselho de Escola, sugerem as contradições de uma escola que almeja ser democrática, busca construir relações humanas e pedagógicas pautadas nesses valores, mas que ainda se reconhece marcada por práticas autoritárias. / This work was carried through in a school of the public education net of São Paulo city between the second semester of 2005 and the first of 2006. It has the purpose to argue the process of formation of children and teenagers for the participation in decision processes in a public school of São Paulo. Such objective is justified because that the formation for the citizenship is guaranteed by the constitution and the participation is one of its basic elements. Our reference is the concept of active citizenship (Benevides) that requests intentional interference of the citizens in the routes of the public politics. Besides that, it is understood that it has a necessary bond between education and democracy (Paro), as human only constructs it self by an act of proper desire in the process of transcendence to one specific reality (the one that generates the domain of the freedom), constituting historically the accumulated and constructed culture wich makes possible such transcendence and being the education the way of appropriation of the culture. Therefore, the education as a human right only materialize if the pupil becomes subject of this process. It implicates the necessity of the pupil together with the staff of the school also contribute to the decisions on the pedagogical routes. Therefore, the students participation is understood as the performance of the pupils in the decisions concerning to the pedagogical project and to the necessary ways to reach the collectively defined purposes. In the public school of the municipal district the space legally instituted for this is the School Council. However, in terms of formation for the learning participation, other spaces as the Student Union, the radio of the school (formed from the Educom.radio program) and the projects developed by the EMEF Eliseu Dias, mainly the actions in defense of the fragments of Atlantic Forest in association to a Friends Society of local neighborhood, had revealed more relevant. The data of the research, obtained mainly in interviews with the school staff and learning team and also during the meetings of the Student Union the Radio and the School Council, suggest the contradictions of a school that longs for being democratic, tries to construct human and pedagogical relations based in these values, but that is still recognized marked by authoritarian practices.

Trata-se de pesquisa em que se procura investigar a natureza da organização do trabalho na escola, mais precisamente, a partir do eixo de desenvolvimento de um trabalho coletivo que coloca em relação os diferentes sujeitos envolvidos no processo de educação. Busca-se desvelar os elementos que conduzem à construção desse tipo de trabalho que possibilita o desenvolvimento de um projeto de educação calcado numa prática educativa verdadeiramente democrática e cidadã que se constitua significativa no processo de formação dos educandos. A análise do tema em questão envolveu pesquisa documental e empírica, com observações das atividades desenvolvidas pelos profissionais da escola entre si nos momentos destinados ao trabalho coletivo e com os alunos bem como a realização de entrevistas individuais com representantes dos diferentes segmentos da unidade escolar. O texto expõe as possibilidades e os entraves para o desenvolvimento do trabalho coletivo na escola a partir da análise das políticas públicas municipais engendradas para tal fim, das condições objetivas de trabalho da escola, da existência de uma cultura escolar que se vem estruturando ao longo da história da educação, da construção de sentido do trabalho coletivo para os diferentes sujeitos da escola, do papel da formação dos educadores e do projeto pedagógico para a constituição desse tipo de trabalho. Com base nas referências teóricas fornecidas por Karl Marx, Sánchez Vázquez, Karel Kosik, Illich Rubin e Harry Braverman faz-se uma análise do significado do conceito de trabalho de modo geral e na sociedade capitalista em particular e sobre o significado da práxis humana; a partir das contribuições de Gramsci, Bobbio e Rousseau faz-se uma discussão sobre o papel do Estado e as características fundamentais para a construção de uma sociedade democrática para a qual a educação das futuras gerações deve assumir um papel destacado. Na área de educação as referências teóricas que contribuíram para a reflexão engendrada pela presente pesquisa foram, principalmente, os textos de Makarenko, Pistrak, Paulo Freire, Miguel Arroyo, Pérez Gómez, Gimeno Sacristán e Vitor Paro na medida em que esses autores constroem um arcabouço teórico importante no tocante à necessidade de uma educação democrática que contribua para a formação dos sujeitos humano-históricos apresentada e defendida pela presente pesquisa. / It is regarding the searching that demands to investigate the nature of working organization in school, more accurately, from the axis of development of a collective work that puts in relation the different subjects involved in the trial of education. It seeks be uncovered the elements that conduct to the construction of that kind of work, that enables the development of a project of education based on truly democratic educational practice and citizen that be constituted significant in the trial of formation of the students. The analysis of the subject involved empirical and documentary research, with observation of the activities developed by the professionals of the school between itself in the moments destined to the collective work and with the students as well like the achievement of individual interviews with representatives of the different segments of the school. The text exposes the possibilities and difficulties for the development of the collective work in the school from the evaluation of the municipal public policies engendered with these purposes, of the real conditions of work in the school, by the existence of a school culture that itself comes structuring to the long one of the history of the education, by the meaning attributed about collective work for different persons of the school, of the formation role of the educators and the pedagogical project for the constitution of that kind of work. On the basis of the theoretical references supplied by Karl Marx, Sánchez Vázquez, Karel Kosik, Illich Rubin and Harry Braverman does itself an examination of the meaning of the general work concept and in the society capitalist in particularly and about the meaning of the human praxis; since of the contribution from Gramsci, Bobbio and Rousseau there is an argument about the responsability of the Government and the fundamental features for a construction of a democratic society, at all the process of education of the future generations should assume a noticeable function. In the educational area the theoretical references that contributed to the reflection engendered by the present research were, mainly, the texts of Makarenko, Pistrak, Paulo Freire, Miguel Arroyo, Pérez Gómez, Gimeno Sacristán and Vitor Paro because these authors construct an important legate about the needed of a democratic education that contributes for the formation of the human-historical subjects presented and defended by the present searching.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-11-25T21:06:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Melques Fernandes.pdf: 1200667 bytes, checksum: c08f0c7d3067a5a33eec5a7d2f758e0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T21:06:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Melques Fernandes.pdf: 1200667 bytes, checksum: c08f0c7d3067a5a33eec5a7d2f758e0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-26 / Basándose en las teorías pedagógicas críticas, puede entenderse el recreo como un tiempo-espacio para el ejercicio de la autonomía y la democracia. En consecuencia, también es campo de lucha donde el poder homogeneizador de una concepción no dialógica de la educación puede silenciar las manifestaciones de los niños justificadas por un discurso de orden y disciplina. Por lo tanto, el objeto de investigación es el patio de recreo como un espacio-tiempo democrático. A través de la investigación cualitativa el estudio trata de descubrir qué dificultades y posibilidades de organizar un recreo democrático en una escuela primaria da ciudad de Santos (São Paulo), con la legitimación de los conocimientos y propuestas de todas las personas que trabajan allí diariamente: inspectores, inspectoras, niños, niñas, cocineros y cocineras. Así, són analizados el proyecto político y pedagógico de la escuela y sus reglamentos a fin de comprender como piensan y organizan el recreo. Observaciones y entrevistas con los sujetos de la investigación también se utilizan para entender la articulación de las propuestas de documentos con medios prácticos y teóricos. Se utiliza como referencia las reflexiones de Walter Benjamin (1987, 1989, 2011), Paulo Freire (1967, 1987,1996, 2002, 2011) y Mikhail Bakhtin (2014) para desarrollar la comprensión del lenguaje, dialogía y experiencia, ya que se considera que estos elementos son importantes para un recreo democrático que concibe las críticas y aportaciones del paradigma del materialismo histórico y dialéctico. Por último, la recogida y análisis de datos basado la intervención que propone una organización colectiva y dialógica de recreo, con la mediación de una propuesta emancipadora. / Based on critical pedagogic theories we can understand the playtime as a time-space for the exercise of autonomy and democracy. Consequently, it is also a fight field where the homogenizer power of a not dialogical education reduces to silence the childish manifestation justified by a discourse of order and discipline. Thus, the object of the research is the playtime as a democratic time-space. So, by means of a qualitative research, we seek to care which are the difficulties and possibilities to organize a democratic playtime in a First Elementary school, situated in the Santos city, legitimizing know ledges and proposals of all customers that act there daily: Inspectors, children, cooks and chefs. Therefore are analyzed the PPP (Political-Pedagogic Program) of the school, as well as its rules of procedure, in order to understand how the school itself thinks and how organizes the playtime. Observations of the playtime break and interviews with the subjects of the research are also used to understand the relationship between the proposals of the documents with the daily practice and the theoretical paths. Are used as a referential the reflections of Walter Benjamin (1987, 1989, 2011), Paulo Freire (1967, 1987, 1996, 2002, 2011) and Mikhail Bakhtin (2014) to develop the understandings of the language, with dialogism and experience, so it is understood that these elements are important to enhance the reflection of a democratic playtime that conceives criticisms and contributions of the paradigm of historical and dialectic materialism. Finally the collection and the data analysis search subsidies for a intervention that proposes a collective and dialogical organization of the playtime, mediated by a emancipator proposal. / Fundamentando-se nas teorias pedagógicas críticas, pode-se entender o recreio como um tempo-espaço para o exercício da autonomia e democracia. Consequentemente, é também campo de luta, onde o poder homogeneizador de uma concepção não dialógica de educação pode silenciar as manifestações infantis justificadas por um discurso de ordem e disciplina. Assim, o objeto da investigação é o recreio como um tempo-espaço democrático. Por meio da pesquisa qualitativa, busca-se desvelar quais as dificuldades e possibilidades de se organizar um recreio democrático numa escola de Ensino Fundamental I localizada na cidade de Santos, legitimando os conhecimentos e propostas de todos os sujeitos que atuam ali cotidianamente: inspetores, inspetoras, crianças, cozinheiras e cozinheiros. Para tanto, são analisados o PPP da escola, bem como seu regimento, a fim de compreender de que maneira a escola pensa e organiza o recreio. Observações do intervalo e entrevistas com os sujeitos da pesquisa também são utilizadas para compreender a articulação das propostas dos documentos com a prática cotidiana e os caminhos teóricos. Utiliza-se como referencial as reflexões de Walter Benjamim (1987, 1989, 2011), Paulo Freire (1967, 1987, 1996, 2002, 2011) e Mikhail Bakhtin (2014) para desenvolver as compreensões de linguagem, dialogia e experiência, pois entende-se que esses elementos são significativos para aprimorar a reflexão de um recreio democrático que concebe as críticas e contribuições do paradigma do materialismo histórico e dialético. Por fim, a coleta e análise de dados buscam subsídios para uma intervenção que propõe uma organização coletiva e dialógica do recreio, mediada por uma proposta emancipatória.

Over the course of American schooling scholars note that democratic education and citizenship have not been abandoned, but perhaps marginalized or pushed aside, as test scores and achievement have become the most desired outcomes. Democratic education must move out of the margins and into high priority. The current political climate of increased division and divisiveness could not illustrate this need any more. Another well-documented challenge within the American educational system, particularly in high need areas is the need for highly qualified teachers. Urban Teacher Residency (UTR) programs have offered a possible solution to this growing problem in recruiting, training, and retaining highly qualified teachers in urban settings. UTRs are designed to alleviate one of the longstanding education challenges of both, quality and quantity of educators within some of the most underserved schools. While the rise in teacher residency programs, particularly in urban settings, and the marginalization of democratic education may seem unconnected, an effort to illuminate their potential relationships guides this study. Qualitative case study methodology (including analysis of program documents, interviews with teachers, and interviews with staff) was undertaken to understand the inclusion of democratic habits in one UTR, as well as the resulting enactment of democratic education by the UTR residents and alumni in one UTR, Mid-Atlantic Teacher Residency (MATR). Findings reveal the use of democratic habits by the residents and in the MATR program was mixed. Democratic habits of associated living, collaboration, student voice, critical inquiry, and student-centered learning were the most prevalent through the MATR program components of coursework, mentorship, and the cohort during the residency year. As teachers, the resident alumni exhibited democratic habits through their professional relationships and attitudes towards student-centered instruction, particularly through the use of activities. A few of the alumni exhibited aspects of democratic education through their discussion of social justice and their commitment to citizenship development. Overall, however, limited evidence of a commitment to democratic education was present in the data, which may be in part due to the program’s relatively low emphasis on democratic education. Other barriers that emerged in the data included: classroom management struggles, administrative support and policies, a lack of promoting democratic education through the program, a disconnect from the residents’ coursework to their classroom practices, and being new teachers. While it does not appear that MATR or other UTRs are currently foregrounding democratic education or democratic principles, I close by discussing why UTRs should emphasize democratic education and offering suggestions for how they might do so.

No description available.

No description available.

Die Studie zur demokratischen Bildung im ländlichen Raum erforscht die komplexen Herausforderungen und Potenziale politischer Bildung in ländlichen Regionen und diskutiert erste Lösungsansätze. Im Zentrum der Ergebnisse stehen die unmittelbaren Beziehungen im ländlichen Raum, die durch die gemeinsam geteilten Lebenswelten und stabile Interaktionsnetzwerke gekennzeichnet sind, aber auch durch die Konfrontation mit verengten Diskursräumen, Konformitätszwängen und Angriffen. Die Studie identifiziert sechs Spannungsfelder, die von politischen Bildner:innen im ländlichen Raum navigiert werden müssen. Dabei werden unter anderem die systemischen Herausforderungen der Finanzierung und bürokratischen Belastung aufgezeigt sowie die Notwendigkeit eines nachhaltigen und inklusiven Ansatzes herausgestellt, um politische Bildung effektiv gestalten zu können. Darüber hinaus werden Lösungsansätze diskutiert, die den Aufbau und die Pflege von Beziehungen und Netzwerken, langfristige Verankerung und Zusammenarbeit mit lokalen Akteur:innen, sowie die systematische Erfassung von Angriffen und deren Prävention thematisieren. Außerdem wird eine gezielte Förderung und Anerkennung der politischen Bildungsarbeit, sowie die Entwicklung bildungsimpliziter Veranstaltungen, die eng an die Lebenswelt der ländlichen Bevölkerung angelehnt sind, gefordert. Die Studie betont den Zusammenhang zwischen langfristiger Handlungs- und Finanzierungssicherheit und der Kultivierung von Vertrauen mit wichtigen lokalen Akteur:innen. Es bedarf dazu einer maßgeschneiderten, prozessorientierten Finanzierungsmechanik, die den einzigartigen Kontext ländlicher Einstellungen respektiert. Die Autor:innen plädieren für eine ganzheitliche Strategie politischer Bildungsförderung in Sachsen, die nicht nur, aber im besonderen Maße den Anforderungen verschiedener Regionen gerecht wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass politische Bildung im ländlichen Raum spezifische didaktische Ansätze erfordert, die sich von städtischen Modellen unterscheiden und die ein tiefes Verständnis der lokalen Dynamiken und Bedürfnisse voraussetzen. Die Studie betont die Notwendigkeit einer adaptiven, ressourcenbewussten und langfristig orientierten Herangehensweise, um die demokratische Teilhabe und Bildung in ländlichen Gebieten zu stärken und zu fördern.:1 Einleitung 2 Methodisches Vorgehen 3 Politische Bildung im ländlichen Raum - ein Spannungsfeld .. 3.1 ... zwischen lebensweltlichen Zugängen und Skepsis der Zielgruppen, Beziehungsbarrieren sowie Konformitätszwang 3.2 ... zwischen direktem Zugang zu Entscheidungsträger:innen und Behinderung durch kommunale Politik und Verwaltung 3.3 ... zwischen Bereitschaft zur Solidarität und rechten Strukturen sowie Angriffen auf demokratische Bildungsarbeit 3.4 ... zwischen idyllischer Natur, strukturellen Problemen und städtisch verengten Anforderungen an demokratische Bildungsarbeit 3.5 ... zwischen Mittelvielfalt und fehlender Nachhaltigkeit in der Förderung 3.6 ... zwischen gestaltbaren Freiräumen und didaktischen Unsicherheiten 4 Lösungsstrategien im Umgang mit Herausforderungen demokratischer Bildung im ländlichen Raum 4.1 Beziehungen und Netzwerke aufbauen, pflegen und nutzen 4.2 Langfristige Verankerung in den Regionen, Beziehungsaufbau zu Gatekeeper:innen und Mediationsstrukturen 4.3 Systematische Erfassung von Angriffen sowie rechtliche und strategische Beratung 4.4 Gezielte, prozessorientierte sowie nachhaltige Förderung und Anerkennung politischer Bildungsarbeit 4.5 Bildungsimplizite Veranstaltungen, lebensweltliche Entlastungsangebote und Professionalisierung 5 Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen 6 Literatur

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5084.pdf: 907637 bytes, checksum: 5a23e7a7199662f6dc764dc43744f860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / The primary objective of this dissertation is to investigate the main factors that affect the participation of school counselors in public schools in São Carlos / SP. To this end, we opted for conducting empirical research in order to produce and analyze data capable of providing greater concreteness to the arguments. Thus, in order to determine the research tools and the universe to be studied, techniques for the gathering, samplings, and analysis of data, were selected. For the gathering of data, a questionnaire was applied to Community Education Managers and school counselors. In order to determine the sample, we opted to cover fifty school units ensuring that all segments represented in the School Board answer the questionnaire. And finally, our analyzes were grounded on studies by authors who discuss the democratic management of public schools as a means of extending citizenship and guaranteeing the right of participation. Our preliminary results indicate that, power relationships present in the in interpersonal relationships, is the main factor that hinders the participation of counselors, followed by bureaucratic aspects, described as a subcategory due to the fact that they are related to the fundamental category mentioned above. In contrast, engagement and knowledge in the field are presented in the research as factors that facilitate the participation of counselors. Thus, the results highlight the need to formulate strategies to minimize the negative factors and leverage them to promote the participation of counselors at the municipal level. / O objetivo principal da pesquisa de que trata esta dissertação foi identificar quais são os principais fatores que interferem positiva ou negativamente na participação dos membros do Conselho Escolar nas escolas públicas do município de São Carlos/ SP. Optamos por realizar uma pesquisa empírica, cujo instrumento básico de coleta de dados foi um questionário, aplicado aos Gestores Comunitários em Educação e aos Conselheiros Escolares, representantes de todos os segmentos que compõem o Conselho Escolar, de cinquenta escolas. As análises foram fundamentadas em autores que discutem a gestão democrática da escola pública como mecanismo de ampliação da cidadania e do direito à participação. Os resultados das análises indicaram as relações de poder como o principal fator que dificulta a participação dos conselheiros, com pouca variação de segmento para segmento. Em contrapartida, o engajamento e o conhecimento na área se apresentam na pesquisa como fatores que facilitam a participação dos conselheiros. Assim, os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de formulação de estratégias que minimizem o efeito das relações de poder e potencializem o acesso a informações, como forma de se ampliar a participação dos Conselheiros.

This is a comparative study of how the concept of democracy is presented in textbooks for Civics education used in basic adult education and secondary school. The method used in the study is a qualitative text analysis and the theoretical framework is based on the democratic ideal models electoral, participatory, and deliberative democracy. The analysed material consists of four textbooks: two books used in adult education and two used in secondary school. The study shows that electoral aspects of democracy are clearly dominant in the textbooks used in adult education, while both electoral and participatory aspects are more salient in textbooks used in secondary school. Deliberative aspects are the least common in all textbooks.

This diploma thesis focuses on the process of civic and political socialization of adolescents in the context of the reflexion of current political topics in the lessons of civic educational basis on secondary technical schools in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the explanation of basic terms regarding the chosen topic. It is then followed by an analysis of curricular documents of secondary technical education in the Czech Republic on the national level, from the point of view of the possibilities of the inclusion of current political topics into the teaching lessons. After the theoretical consolidation of the topic, a practical part of the thesis follows, which consists of a case study. This study aims to describe (with the help of the methods of mixed research) the reflexion of current political topics in the Civics lessons on a chosen secondary technical school, for example regarding the teaching methods, also the frequency and intensity of including the topics into the lessons, or expression of personal opinions of the teachers on current political topics. Through the realisation and evaluation of a questionnaire survey is at first found out the perception of teaching about current political topics, as the pupils of the chosen secondary technical school perceive it. Then is through the realisation of half-structured interviews with the teachers and the following analysis in the whole context found out also their position towards teaching about these topics. The ending part of the thesis then includes the conclusion of all important and interesting findings the study brought, evaluation of reaching the goals which were set for the research, recommendation for the pedagogical praxis and also a reflexion on the use of the findings on an own future praxis.