Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Marketing practitioners and academics are increasingly applying the concepts and techniques of products or services branding to the branding of destinations. To date, most of these studies focussed on using product and services branding concepts for branding destinations on the level of an individual resort, city or country. This thesis extends this trend by considering to what degree these destination branding ideas can also be used to brand an entire region consisting of several countries with multiple destinations. The specific focus is on developing such a regional branding framework for the tourism industry of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). First the state of tourism within the SADC region was described, including the establishment of RETOSA and the tourism performance of the region. On the basis of this overview, opportunities for regional destination branding were then considered. Secondly, the core concepts of product branding and their application to destination branding were discussed. Four theoretical frameworks for branding were reviewed and then used to compare product and destination branding. Thirdly, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was used as a case study of a region that has attempted regional destination branding initiatives, with a view to what the SADC-region may learn from this experience. In conclusion a regional destination branding framework is proposed for the SADC region. The following list makes up the elements of this framework: the vision and mission, the destination brand and its proposition, core values of the destination and its brand identity, brand image, clear view of the market, audience and competitors, brand personality, brand positioning, stakeholder consultation process and tourism marketing research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bemarkingspraktisyns en akademici pas toenemend die konsepte en tegnieke van produk- en dienste-bemarking op die bemarking van destinasies toe. Tot op hede was die focus van die meeste studies om bemarkingskonsepte toe te pas op destinasies soos `n individuele oort, stad of land. Hierdie tesis gaan verder as dit en oorweeg ook on watter mate hierdie bemarkingsidees ook gebruik kan word om `n hele streek, wat uit verskeie lande bestaan, te bemark. Daar word spesifiek gepoog om `n streeksbemarkingsraamwerk vir die toerismebedryf van die Suid-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SADC) daar te stel. Eerstens word die stand van toerisme in die SADC-streek beskryf, insluitend die ontwikkeling van SADC en die Streekstoerisme Organisasie van Suider-Afrika (RETOSA). Hierdie oorsig is gebruik om geleenthede vir streeksbemarking te oorweeg. Tweedens worddie kernkonsepte van produkbemarking en hulle toepassing op streeksbemarking bespreek. Vier teoretiese raamwerke vir bemarking word beskou en gebruik om produk- en destinasie-bemarking te vergelyk. Derdens word die Assosiasie van Suidoos-Asiatiese Lande (ASEAN) as `n gevallestudie van `n streek wat sulke bemarkingsinisiatiewe reeds geïmplimenteer het, bestudeer om te sien wat SADC daaruit kan leer. Laastens word `n streeksbemarkingsraamwerk vir die SADC-streek voorgestel. Die elemente waaruit die raamwerk beslaan, sluit die volgende in: die visie en misie, die streekshandelsmerk en sy proposisie, die kernwaardes van die streek en handelsmerkidentiteit, handelsmerkbeeld, oorsig oor die mark, toeskouers en kompetisie, handelsmerkpersoonlikheid, posisionering, insethouer konsultasieproses en toerismemarknavorsing.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-05-26T19:01:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Inger Marie Nyvoll Antonsen.pdf: 1432222 bytes, checksum: eced5b393c7c1c2836cb62923738b5c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-05-26T19:01:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Inger Marie Nyvoll Antonsen.pdf: 1432222 bytes, checksum: eced5b393c7c1c2836cb62923738b5c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-27T17:02:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Inger Marie Nyvoll Antonsen.pdf: 1432222 bytes, checksum: eced5b393c7c1c2836cb62923738b5c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / A destination is a place that attracts visitors for a temporary stay to participate in tourism related activities or non- activities. Globalization, the increased number of travelers and the increased buying power have increased the competition between the destinations and the destinations have become more substitutable. It has been agreed that destinations can be branded as well as products and to be competitive it is getting common to brand destinations. Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) are responsible for the marketing of an identifiable destination. The purpose of this study is to present an exploratory study of how a destination marketing organization creates and builds a strong destination brand and how the stakeholders have been involved in the process. The study is done with a qualitative case study approach. The case study was chosen as the research method to make a detailed and intensive analysis of the research objective, in this case the destination brand of Brazil and its stakeholders.

Digitala redskap är nu för tiden en vanlig strategi inom marknadskommunikation och destinationsutveckling. Trots detta är litteratur i ämnet begränsad. Därför har denna studie strävat mot en fördjupad förståelse för Göteborg & Co:s digitala redskap Evenemangskalendern. Det är en digital förteckning där turister kan hitta de aktuella evenemang som erbjuds i Göteborg. Frågorna som har tagits fram rör relevanta styrmedel förkalendern och Göteborg & Co:s syn på användningen av kalendern som ett redskap förmarknadskommunikation. Med bakgrund i destinationsmarknadsföring har en induktiv fallstudie tagit form medintervjuer, observationer och dokumentanalys. Studien är begränsad till fyra kvalitativa intervjuer, fyra observationsobjekt och sex dokument. Alla med fokus på Göteborg & Co:s egna material och anställda. Resultatet från dessa källor har sedan i en diskussion kopplats samman med teori inom destinationsutveckling, marknadskommunikation och organisationsteori. Studien visar att Evenemangskalendern inte är inbegripen i den gedigna marknadskommunikations-analys som resten av goteborg.com undergår. Kalendern har inga fasta processer gällande omvärldsbevakning eller besöksstatistik. Detta kan bero på att det operativa arbetet utförs på annan fysisk plats än det strategiska arbetet. Det ligger även en begränsning i hur Göteborg & Co definierar en turist. / Digital devices are nowadays a common strategy in marketing communication and destination development. Despite this, we find the literature on the subject limited. Therefore, this study has strived towards an immersed understanding of Göteborg & Co:s digital device Evenemangskalendern (Event Calendar). It is a digital listing where tourists can find the current events offered in Gothenburg. The questions produced revolves around relevant control documents for the calendar and Göteborg & Co:s view at the use of the calendar as a device for marketing communication. With a background in destination marketing, an inductive case study has taken form with interviews, observations and document analysis. The study is limited to four qualitative interviews, four observation objects and six documents. All with focus on Göteborg & Co:s own material and employees. The result from these sources has in a discussion been merged with theory within destination development, marketing communication, and organization theory. The study shows that the Event Calendar is not included in the solid marketing communication analysis that the rest of goteborg.com go through. The calendar has no fixed processes regarding benchmarking or visitor statistics. This could be due to the fact that the operative work is being executed at another physical place than the strategic work. There is also a limitation in how Göteborg & Co defines a tourist.

In this thesis project I investigate how to approach ”the retail apocalypse” as an interior architect. My aim is to show how commercial spaces and physical stores will still be important in the future, despite internet shopping and the climate crisis, as places we will visit to experience things, socialize and where businesses meet with their costumers physically.    Today we are constantly approached by brands and their brand aesthetics while walking through commercial areas. Logos, graphic material and specifik interior for just that brand. In their aim to reach brand recognition from their costumers the brand looks almost the same in all their physical stores. In this thesis project I present a strategy where I don’t see the goal for brands to be brand recognition. Instead I’m working with the idea that brands (small or big) could benefit from adapting their brand to the specifik locality they are situated in. In order to try this out I have done a case study on one commercial area affected by closing stores and too few visitors, a suburban center in the southern part of Stockholm- Hökarängen’s centre.     It is a strategy with a design program that strengthens both the brands and the identity of the place and sees our suburban center not as doomed but as a part of the future. It brings hope for a future where retail is an adaption to the locality, as a vivid part of the local community.

The number of festivals and events worldwide as well as in South Africa has increased significantly over the past decade. With more than 600 festivals being staged annually in South Africa, it is clear that festivals are competing with each other to attract and retain visitors in order to remain sustainable. For this reason, creating and sustaining a loyal visitor base through marketing and branding activities has become increasingly important for festivals. This, however, is a complex task since branding of a festival is challenging in several ways. Festivals are non-permanent tourism offerings with a variety of attributes that need to be considered when branding the festival. These include attractions, accommodation, entertainment and the natural environment. The competitive environment in which festivals operate and the complex nature of a festival as a brand require a specific approach whereby festivals can create and sustain brand loyalty. To remain a competitive and sustainable arts festival, marketers of festivals need to know how their marketing efforts can be applied to enhance visitors’ loyalty as well as the aspects that contribute to visitors’ loyalty. Although various studies have been concerned with brand loyalty in a tourism context, little research has focused on brand loyalty in a festival context and more specifically in a South African arts festival context. In the light of this, the following research question was formulated: “What are the components and the relationships between the components of a brand loyalty model for arts festivals in South Africa? The primary goal of this thesis was to develop a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. To achieve this goal, four objectives were formulated. The first objective was to analyse the role of marketing in creating and sustaining brand loyalty for arts festivals by means of an in-depth literature review. The definition of marketing and the distinguishing features of tourism offerings were analysed. It was indicated that aspects such as visitors’ motivation for attending festivals impacts on their loyalty. Furthermore it was established that marketing activities such as market research, market segmentation, positioning, branding and developing an effective festival marketing mix can assist marketers of festivals to achieve visitors’ loyalty. The second objective was to review the literature regarding brand loyalty and its constructs. Branding and brand loyalty were defined and the history of branding was discussed. More importantly, the constructs of brand loyalty and the items for measuring them were analysed. It was clear that a variety of constructs impact on festival visitors’ loyalty including brand attitude, brand personality, individuals’ characteristics, circumstances and purchase situation, organisations’ commitment to being customer orientated, brand equity, brand associations, brand awareness, product involvement, brand commitment, brand affect, quality, brand image, brand experience, brand trust, brand value and satisfaction. In addition, it was concluded that these aspects are related and affect one another. The third objective was to identify the components of a brand loyalty model, test the relationships between them and determine the variables influencing them. This was done with the aim of developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. For this purpose, data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire which was distritubuted to visitors at Vryfees and Aardklop. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed at each festival with 355 questionnaires obtained at Vryfees and 352 questionnaires obtained at Aardklop. Selected statistical techniques were employed to achieve this objective. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the items for measuring brand loyalty. From this, six brand loyalty components were revealed. Spearman Rank Order Correlation was used to determine the relationships between these brand loyalty components. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA between groups were employed to determine the impact of selected variables on the components of brand loyalty. Finally, the brand loyalty components were used in Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to develop the model. The results of the study confirmed that brand loyalty for festivals such as Aardklop and Vryfees are multidimensional and consist of satisfaction, affective image, festival experience, loyalty, personal value and cognitive image. Affective image and satisfaction are also major components of visitors’ loyalty towards these festivals. It was furthermore confirmed that variables such as occupation, province of residence, frequency of attendance and home language have an impact on festival visitors’ loyalty. The final objective of this study was to draw conclusions and make recommendations concerning the compilation and implementation of the brand loyalty model for arts festivals. This research makes important contributions theoretically, methodologically and practically. Theoretically, this study is unique since it is one of the first to indicate the role of marketing in enhancing brand loyalty and to analyse various brand loyalty constructs that can be further investigated by future researchers. Methodologically, this study developed a reliable and valid questionnaire for the measurement of brand loyalty in a festival context which can be used by other festivals to determine visitors’ loyalty. In addition, this study investigated distinctive relationships between the festival loyalty constructs and other demographic and festival-related variables. The impact of demographic variables on festival loyalty constructs was also explored. The greatest contribution of this study, however, is its practical contribution by developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals which can be used by marketers of festivals to create, maintain and increase visitors’ loyalty towards their festivals. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The number of festivals and events worldwide as well as in South Africa has increased significantly over the past decade. With more than 600 festivals being staged annually in South Africa, it is clear that festivals are competing with each other to attract and retain visitors in order to remain sustainable. For this reason, creating and sustaining a loyal visitor base through marketing and branding activities has become increasingly important for festivals. This, however, is a complex task since branding of a festival is challenging in several ways. Festivals are non-permanent tourism offerings with a variety of attributes that need to be considered when branding the festival. These include attractions, accommodation, entertainment and the natural environment. The competitive environment in which festivals operate and the complex nature of a festival as a brand require a specific approach whereby festivals can create and sustain brand loyalty. To remain a competitive and sustainable arts festival, marketers of festivals need to know how their marketing efforts can be applied to enhance visitors’ loyalty as well as the aspects that contribute to visitors’ loyalty. Although various studies have been concerned with brand loyalty in a tourism context, little research has focused on brand loyalty in a festival context and more specifically in a South African arts festival context. In the light of this, the following research question was formulated: “What are the components and the relationships between the components of a brand loyalty model for arts festivals in South Africa? The primary goal of this thesis was to develop a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. To achieve this goal, four objectives were formulated. The first objective was to analyse the role of marketing in creating and sustaining brand loyalty for arts festivals by means of an in-depth literature review. The definition of marketing and the distinguishing features of tourism offerings were analysed. It was indicated that aspects such as visitors’ motivation for attending festivals impacts on their loyalty. Furthermore it was established that marketing activities such as market research, market segmentation, positioning, branding and developing an effective festival marketing mix can assist marketers of festivals to achieve visitors’ loyalty. The second objective was to review the literature regarding brand loyalty and its constructs. Branding and brand loyalty were defined and the history of branding was discussed. More importantly, the constructs of brand loyalty and the items for measuring them were analysed. It was clear that a variety of constructs impact on festival visitors’ loyalty including brand attitude, brand personality, individuals’ characteristics, circumstances and purchase situation, organisations’ commitment to being customer orientated, brand equity, brand associations, brand awareness, product involvement, brand commitment, brand affect, quality, brand image, brand experience, brand trust, brand value and satisfaction. In addition, it was concluded that these aspects are related and affect one another. The third objective was to identify the components of a brand loyalty model, test the relationships between them and determine the variables influencing them. This was done with the aim of developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. For this purpose, data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire which was distritubuted to visitors at Vryfees and Aardklop. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed at each festival with 355 questionnaires obtained at Vryfees and 352 questionnaires obtained at Aardklop. Selected statistical techniques were employed to achieve this objective. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the items for measuring brand loyalty. From this, six brand loyalty components were revealed. Spearman Rank Order Correlation was used to determine the relationships between these brand loyalty components. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA between groups were employed to determine the impact of selected variables on the components of brand loyalty. Finally, the brand loyalty components were used in Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to develop the model. The results of the study confirmed that brand loyalty for festivals such as Aardklop and Vryfees are multidimensional and consist of satisfaction, affective image, festival experience, loyalty, personal value and cognitive image. Affective image and satisfaction are also major components of visitors’ loyalty towards these festivals. It was furthermore confirmed that variables such as occupation, province of residence, frequency of attendance and home language have an impact on festival visitors’ loyalty. The final objective of this study was to draw conclusions and make recommendations concerning the compilation and implementation of the brand loyalty model for arts festivals. This research makes important contributions theoretically, methodologically and practically. Theoretically, this study is unique since it is one of the first to indicate the role of marketing in enhancing brand loyalty and to analyse various brand loyalty constructs that can be further investigated by future researchers. Methodologically, this study developed a reliable and valid questionnaire for the measurement of brand loyalty in a festival context which can be used by other festivals to determine visitors’ loyalty. In addition, this study investigated distinctive relationships between the festival loyalty constructs and other demographic and festival-related variables. The impact of demographic variables on festival loyalty constructs was also explored. The greatest contribution of this study, however, is its practical contribution by developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals which can be used by marketers of festivals to create, maintain and increase visitors’ loyalty towards their festivals. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This bachelor thesis is conducted as a Minor Field Study (MFS) in Sri Lanka, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The tourism industry have become a key factor for economic growth in several developing countries. A section of branding which refers to branding of a whole country is place branding. Place branding is seen as a complex process which involves multiple parts of the country. In order to ease for brand managers and to develop the theory of place branding, Hanna and Rowley (2011) have developed a new model of place branding. The model is named the Strategic place brand management model (SPBM- model) and consists of components which are argued to be essential parts in the process of branding a place. Developing countries have a need for place branding practices in order to create economic growth. The SPBM-model could therefore be a useful contribution to the research field of place branding in developing countries. The research questions of this research was therefore firstly to see how Sri Lanka work with the components in the SPBM-model, and second to find out which components in the SPBM-model that can be seen as important based on Sri Lankan conditions. This to answer the purpose of this thesis: explore how the SPBM-model can be applied on the process of branding Sri Lanka. The study was made through a case study of the developing country of Sri Lanka. In order to gain data, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with officials working with branding Sri Lanka as a tourism destination. By putting the SPBM-model on the Sri Lankan place branding process it can be interpreted that all components are tightly connected to each other, and some parts seems to be more important for Sri Lanka then others. If Sri Lanka put more time and effort in the three components of infrastructure, stakeholders and evaluation, also the other six components of the SPBM-model (identity, brand experience, WOM, architecture, communication andarticulation) indirect will be affected in a positive way.

The incorporation of consumption-oriented activities into rural space can be observed in the appearance of newly valued rural amenities and the increasing frequency and popularity of culinary tourism destination marketing. In exploring the relationships between local food and culinary tourism, this research sought to better understand the impact of culinary tourism on the production and consumption of local food in Prince Edward County, ON. Interviews revealed that opportunities presented by culinary tourism are a prime motivation for restaurants to engage in the local food system, and that local food producers are less tied to their restaurant linkages than to alternative marketing channels owing to high levels of product substitutability and the opportunity costs associated with direct exchange. Additionally, it was observed that culinary tourism both inherently and paradoxically contributes to expansion of local food systems beyond regional boundaries, giving rise to a discussion on the positioning of local food as an alternative or complementary component to the globalized food system.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 142983.pdf.jpg: 14354 bytes, checksum: 835e5332d4c50493b566a80221276b5e (MD5) 142983.pdf: 1180134 bytes, checksum: 7ff4eabcb59354fc01a73d10932320b8 (MD5) 142983.pdf.txt: 514544 bytes, checksum: 6aa7254fcd8fe85d04ae8d444d0e4c07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-28T00:00:00Z / O tema do estudo é Destination Branding (DB), o processo de construção e desenvolvimento de marcas de destinos. O referencial teórico sobre o tema, bem como o estudo do branding da Nova Zelândia, estabeleceram as bases para a construção de um quadro de referência de DB, que foi estruturado em três macro etapas: ajuste do contexto, componentes de DB (aplicação de conceitos: imagem e identidade) e operacionalização (gestão, comunicação e avaliação). À luz desse quadro de referência, foi analisada a experiência de DB do Estado da Bahia - um estudo de caso único, de caráter exploratório, com base em dados qualitativos. A experiência da Bahia corroborou à pouca efetividade, apontada na teoria, de obter controle gerencial e continuidade das ações por meio de controle direto. Evidenciou-se também que a ausência de um diagnóstico completo - com análise dos clientes e da concorrência e auto-análise - prejudica a elaboração da identidade de marca para o destino. Por fim, o caso mostrou a necessidade de profissionalização da gestão para implementação das estratégias traçadas para o destino. / The research topic is Destination Branding (DB), the process of construction and development of destination brands. The theory about the research topic, as well as the study of branding in New Zealand, have established the foundation for the construction of a framework of DB, which has been structured in three macro steps: context adjustment, components of DB (concept application: image and identity) and operationalization (management, communication and evaluation). The DB case of Bahia has been analyzed under this framework – a single exploratory case study, based on qualitative data. The experience carried out in Bahia has endorsed the poor effectiveness, as seen in theory, to obtain management control and continuity by means of direct control. It has also become evident that the absence of a complete diagnostic – including an analysis of the clients and that of the competitor and a self-analysis – harms the elaboration of the identity of the destination branding. Finally, the case has shown the need for professional management to guarantee implementation of the strategies for the destination.

<p>Личност дестинације као и њена веза са личношћу туристе још увек је релативно<br />неистражена област којом се бавио мали број аутора. Такође, у литератури се не&nbsp; проналазе радови који повезују личност туристе и његову перцепцију&nbsp; имиџа дестинације. Слично је и са утицајем личности туристе на понашање и одабир<br />понуде активности на дестинацији. Ово је прво истраживање које проучава везу између личности туристе мерене моделом Великих пет и избора односно занимљивости активности на дестинацији. Важан теоријски допринос ове тезе<br />је и у креирању нове скале личности дестинације, која је у потпуности&nbsp;&nbsp; прилагођена туристичкој дестинацији као производу, и садржи ајтеме који<br />се односе искључиво на личност, у овом случају приписану туристичкој дестинацији.&nbsp; Нова скала базирана је на 5 основних димензија оригиналног<br />модела личности бренда (Искреност, Узбудљивост, Компетентност, &nbsp; Софистицираности и Сировост), али су ставке сваке димензије сада прилагођене специфичности туристичке дестинације као производа.&nbsp; У&nbsp; тези је истражено такође и&nbsp; како одабир активности на дестинацији, као и занимљивост активности повратно утичу на перцепцију личности бренда и имиџа туристичке<br />дестинације. Такође, један од циљева био је и утврдити да ли се перцепција имиџа и личности дестинације од стране туриста разликује од перцепције туристичких стејкхолдра.</p><p>Истраживање је спроведено на 502 посетиоца&nbsp;различитих локалитета културне руте &bdquo;Пут римских царева&ldquo;. У истраживању су тестирана 3 структурална модела&nbsp; -структурални модел одабира активности (модел 1), структурални модел занимљивости потенцијалних (модел 2) и&nbsp;структурални модел занимљивости постојећих активности (модел 3). Такође, тестиран је један мерни модел (нове скале BPS). Сви модели су на крају показали прихватљиве индикаторе фита (CFI, NNFI&gt;0.9 и RMSEA, SRMR&lt;0.08).</p><p>Истраживање је показало да постоји утицај личности и соцеиодемографских&nbsp; карактеристика испитаника на перцепцију имиџа и личности бренда. Такође, потврђен је утицај социодемографских карактеристика на избор активности, док су резултати указали на то да личност туристе не утиче на избор активности на<br />дестинацији. За разлику од тога, на занимљивост активности утичу и личност туристе и социодемографске карактеристике. Личност дестинације не утиче на&nbsp; избор активности на дестинацији, а такође ни да избор активности не утиче на перцепцију личности дестинације. Међутим,&nbsp; начин на који видимо дестинацију као особу може утицати на то које ће нам активности бити занимљиве, али исто тако и да занимљивост активности на дестинацији може утицати на то да ми доживимо дестинацију на одређени начин. Имиџ дестинације утиче на избор активности, док избор активности не утиче на перцепцију имиџа.За разлику од тога, постоји обостран утицај занимљивости активности и перцепције имиџа&nbsp; дестинације. Истраживање је показало и имиџ утиче на перцепцију личности&nbsp; бренда, као и да туристички радници имају позитивнију перцепцију&nbsp; имиџа и личности бренда у односу на туристе.&nbsp; Сазнања до којих се дошло&nbsp; кроз овај рад<br />ће омогућити маркетинг стручњацима али и осталим запосленима у туристичкој индустрији јасне смернице шта све утиче на перцепцију личности и имиџа дестинације, чиме ће се олакшати формирање конкурентске предности дате дестинације као и њено позиционирање на туристичком тржишту.</p> / <p>Ličnost destinacije kao i njena veza sa ličnošću turiste još uvek je relativno<br />neistražena oblast kojom se bavio mali broj autora. Takođe, u literaturi se ne&nbsp; pronalaze radovi koji povezuju ličnost turiste i njegovu percepciju&nbsp; imidža destinacije. Slično je i sa uticajem ličnosti turiste na ponašanje i odabir<br />ponude aktivnosti na destinaciji. Ovo je prvo istraživanje koje proučava vezu između ličnosti turiste merene modelom Velikih pet i izbora odnosno zanimljivosti aktivnosti na destinaciji. Važan teorijski doprinos ove teze<br />je i u kreiranju nove skale ličnosti destinacije, koja je u potpunosti&nbsp;&nbsp; prilagođena turističkoj destinaciji kao proizvodu, i sadrži ajteme koji<br />se odnose isključivo na ličnost, u ovom slučaju pripisanu turističkoj destinaciji.&nbsp; Nova skala bazirana je na 5 osnovnih dimenzija originalnog<br />modela ličnosti brenda (Iskrenost, Uzbudljivost, Kompetentnost, &nbsp; Sofisticiranosti i Sirovost), ali su stavke svake dimenzije sada prilagođene specifičnosti turističke destinacije kao proizvoda.&nbsp; U&nbsp; tezi je istraženo takođe i&nbsp; kako odabir aktivnosti na destinaciji, kao i zanimljivost aktivnosti povratno utiču na percepciju ličnosti brenda i imidža turističke<br />destinacije. Takođe, jedan od ciljeva bio je i utvrditi da li se percepcija imidža i ličnosti destinacije od strane turista razlikuje od percepcije turističkih stejkholdra.</p><p>Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 502 posetioca&nbsp;različitih lokaliteta kulturne rute &bdquo;Put rimskih careva&ldquo;. U istraživanju su testirana 3 strukturalna modela&nbsp; -strukturalni model odabira aktivnosti (model 1), strukturalni model zanimljivosti potencijalnih (model 2) i&nbsp;strukturalni model zanimljivosti postojećih aktivnosti (model 3). Takođe, testiran je jedan merni model (nove skale BPS). Svi modeli su na kraju pokazali prihvatljive indikatore fita (CFI, NNFI&gt;0.9 i RMSEA, SRMR&lt;0.08).</p><p>Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji uticaj ličnosti i soceiodemografskih&nbsp; karakteristika ispitanika na percepciju imidža i ličnosti brenda. Takođe, potvrđen je uticaj sociodemografskih karakteristika na izbor aktivnosti, dok su rezultati ukazali na to da ličnost turiste ne utiče na izbor aktivnosti na<br />destinaciji. Za razliku od toga, na zanimljivost aktivnosti utiču i ličnost turiste i sociodemografske karakteristike. Ličnost destinacije ne utiče na&nbsp; izbor aktivnosti na destinaciji, a takođe ni da izbor aktivnosti ne utiče na percepciju ličnosti destinacije. Međutim,&nbsp; način na koji vidimo destinaciju kao osobu može uticati na to koje će nam aktivnosti biti zanimljive, ali isto tako i da zanimljivost aktivnosti na destinaciji može uticati na to da mi doživimo destinaciju na određeni način. Imidž destinacije utiče na izbor aktivnosti, dok izbor aktivnosti ne utiče na percepciju imidža.Za razliku od toga, postoji obostran uticaj zanimljivosti aktivnosti i percepcije imidža&nbsp; destinacije. Istraživanje je pokazalo i imidž utiče na percepciju ličnosti&nbsp; brenda, kao i da turistički radnici imaju pozitivniju percepciju&nbsp; imidža i ličnosti brenda u odnosu na turiste.&nbsp; Saznanja do kojih se došlo&nbsp; kroz ovaj rad<br />će omogućiti marketing stručnjacima ali i ostalim zaposlenima u turističkoj industriji jasne smernice šta sve utiče na percepciju ličnosti i imidža destinacije, čime će se olakšati formiranje konkurentske prednosti date destinacije kao i njeno pozicioniranje na turističkom tržištu.</p> / <p>Destination personality and its&nbsp; relationship with tourist personality is still unexplored area which hasn&#39;t been a subject of many scientific publications untill now. Moreover, in the existing body of literature, there are no scientific papers connecting tourist personality and its destination image perception. The similar case is also with the impact of tourist personality on tourist behaviour, especially its choice of tourist activities on destination.Thus, this is the first study to examine the relationship among tourist personality, measured by Big Five Traint model, and the choice and&nbsp;preference of activities on destination. The important theoretical contribution od this thesis is in creation of a new scale of destination personality, which is completely adapted to tourist destination, as a specific tourist product. This scale contains items which refer only to personality traits, in this case personality traits of tourist destination. The new scale is based on five dimensions of original Brend Personality Scale (Sincerity, Excitement, Competetivness, Sofistication and Rugidness), but each&nbsp; of these dimensions contains items adapted to tourist destination. In this thesis, it is also explored how can choice and preference of tourist activities on destination affect tourist image and brend personality perception. In addition, the aim was to determine whether there is a difference in image and destination personality&nbsp; perception among tourist and tourism stakeholders. The research was carried out on a sample of 502 tourists who have visited different sites on the cultural route &ldquo;The trail of Roman Emperors&rdquo;. In this research, the three structural model have been tested &ndash; Structural model of choice of tourist activities (Model 1), Structural model&nbsp; of preference of potential activities (Model 2), and Structural model of preference of existing activities (Model 3). Moreover, model of a new scale of destination personality has also been tested. All tested model have showen satisfactory fit indexes (CFI, NNFI&gt;0.9 и RMSEA, SRMR&lt;0.08).</p><p>The research has shown that there is an impact of tourist personality and its sociodemografic features on image and destination perosnality percepction. In addition, It is confirmed that sociodemografic features affect a choice of tourist activities on destination. On contrary, tourist preference of activities is affected by both tourist personality and sociodemografic features. Destination personality does not affect tourist choice of activities, and tourist choice of activites does not affect tourust perception of destination personality. However, the way we pereceive tourist destionation can affect our preference of activities, and vice verca. The study have shown that destination image affects choice of activities on destination, which choice of activities doesn&rsquo;t affect tourist image perception. On contrary, there is a mutual influence between preference of tourist activities and image perception. The study has &nbsp; also shown that image affects destination personality, as well as that tourist stakeholders have more positive perception of image and brend personality than tourist. The results obtained through this thesis could provide marketers and other employees in tourism with detailed information about what affects image and destination personality perception. This could positively influence the positioning of this cultural route and obtaining of the competetive position on tourism market.</p>