En lagändring trädde i kraft i plan- och bygglagen den 1 januari 2015 för att förenkla och effektivisera detaljplaneprocessen. Lagändringen innefattade en ny roll för lantmäterimyndigheten i planprocessen samt nya regler för exploateringsavtal. Studiens syfte var att beskriva hur samverkan mellan kommun, lantmäterimyndighet och exploatör fungerar gällande exploateringsavtal samt hur lagändringen i plan- och bygglagen angående exploateringsavtal påverkat dessa parter. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar sändes en webbenkät till Sveriges alla kommuner för att erhålla en överskådlig bild av lagändringens påverkan över landet. Det genomfördes även semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer i fem kommuner med antagna riktlinjer för exploateringsavtal. Exploateringsingenjörer, lantmäterichefer och exploatörer intervjuades för att erhålla olika perspektiv på samverkan och hur lagändringen påverkat dessa parter. Studiens resultat visade att förhandlingen mellan kommun och exploatör gällande exploateringsavtal har påbörjats tidigare i processen efter lagändringen i plan- och bygglagen. Kommunen måste även efter lagändringen betala ersättning när de tar mark i anspråk för allmän plats. Lantmäterimyndighetens mer aktiva roll har bidragit till att oklarheter och brister kan korrigeras i exploateringsavtalen. Emellertid har det gått för kort tid för att helt kunna avgöra vad lantmäterimyndighetens roll bidragit till i exploateringsavtalen. Exploatörerna har fått större möjligheter att påverka exploateringsavtalen. Samarbetet mellan kommun, lantmäterimyndighet och exploatör har blivit tydligare och till viss del förbättrats, men i det stora hela är uppfattningen att samarbetet är oförändrat. På sikt finns det möjlighet till en förbättring. / On January 1st 2015 an amendment passed in the Planning and Building Act in order to simplify and rationalize the detailed development plan process. The amendment includes a new part for cadastral authority in the plan process and new rules for development agreement. The municipalities should adopt guidelines for these agreements. The aim of this study was to describe how the collaboration between municipality, cadastral authority and developer works when it comes to development agreement and how the amendment in the Planning and Building Act concerning the development agreement has affected these participants. To answer the thesis a web survey was sent to all municipalities in Sweden to get an overview of how the amendment has influenced the country. Semi-structured telephone interviews were also performed in five municipalities that have adopted guidelines for the development agreements. The interviews were performed with land development engineers, cadastral supervisors and developers to receive their perspective of the collaboration and how the amendment has affected them. The results of the study have shown that negotiations have started earlier between municipalities and developers after the amendment in the Planning and Building Act passed. The municipalities also need to pay compensation when they take land for public places after the amendment. The cadastral authority’s more active part has contributed to assure that ambiguities and shortcomings might be solved in the development agreement. However, it is still too early to tell what the cadastral authorities part has contributed in the development agreements. The developer has got a major opportunity to influence the development agreements. The collaboration between municipalities, cadastral authorities and developers has become clearer and improved but overall it is unchanged. There are opportunities for improvement in the long term.

Abstract This study investigates three primary school teachers’ experiences of working with formative assessment intended to develop pupils’ writing development. The study applies a sociocultural perspective to examine how teachers in grades 1–2 reason about their use of formative assessment to develop pupils’ writing. The study seeks to ascertain how the teachers reason about pupils’ texts in relation to the text triangle. The results of the study show that the teachers, in their work with formative assessment and writing development, proceed from set goals for the term which apply to all the pupils in that year. The teachers make the pupils aware of these goals by returning to them several times during the term. The intention is to remind the pupils of the goals. The three teachers also work with individual goals for the pupils via the pupils’ individual development plans. The informants all reason in much the same way about formative assessment in writing instruction in relation to the text triangle. The teachers consider that they work with the different qualities shown in the different levels of the text triangle, based on the pupils’ prior knowledge and experience of writing.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The historic social and economic inequalities had a negative impact on majority of young children in South Africa. This dates back to post-apartheid era where the development of young children. of some previously disadvantaged communities, has been weakened by inadequate access to health care, quality education, social service and quality nutrition. The present study evaluated the progress made on the implementation of the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 using a case study of Early Childhood Development (ECO) centres in Site-B Township based in Khayelitsha. To support the notion of "leaving no one behind and universal access to education", the study used a Humanistic Approach Theory Framework and Human Capital Approach to determine the current status of the formalisation of the ECD centres, infrastructure and equipment, basic service delivery as well as safety at the ECD centres in Site-B. The study adopted a qualitative research design using a semi structured face-to-face interview schedules with respondents. Purposive sampling was applied to select the critical case perceived useful for the study. It comprised of 20 respondents, all principals or owners of the selected ECD centres. ECD centres were selected from the database obtained from the Department of Social Development (DSD) and the Department of Basic Education (DBE). From the samples, the study revealed that even though a lot has been done by different stakeholders to support Early Childhood Development, learning centres located in historically disadvantaged areas such as Site-B still face a number of challenges. Key among them are: challenges to comply with the registration process and lack of trained and skilled teachers; inadequate funding to meet compliance standards; insufficient infrastructure and educational equipment and lack of support for ECO safety and security measures and health related emergencies.

Due to the popularity of settlement in coastal areas, measures need to be taken in the form of rules and guidelines for construction close to beaches in order to achieve a more ecologically sustainable construction and contribute to sustainable social development.In Sweden, shore protection is used, which aims to protect the public's access to shores, which the right public advocates according to Chapter 2. Section 15, The form of government. Today, shore protection is regulated in the Environmental Code (MB), and a general rule is that it must not be built within 100 meters from the shoreline on land and in water according to MB.A municipality can revoke shore protection if one of the particular reasons in chap-ter 7. Section 18c of the MB is fulfilled. Municipalities' decision on cancellation can be appealed to the County Administrative Board, then to the Land and Environment Court (MMD) and then to the Land and Environment Court of Appeal (MOD).The purpose of the study is to investigate what is considered valid and invalid rea-sons for cancelling shore protection in a detailed development plan, this through a legal case study. The goal is that this study will lead to more equitable and fair man-agement when repealing shore protection within the detailed development plan.A quantitative and qualitative analysis forms the basis of the results presented in this study. The quantitative method consists of categorization of detailed plans that are examined. Through this categorization, it can be deduced which reasons municipali-ties with different population conditions demand when cancelling shore protection within the detailed development plan. The detailed development plan study was de-limited to Ostergotland County at the beginning, after which the study was supple-mented with Kalmar County. It's because Ostergotland did not fill up the quota for the requested number of detailed plans. The qualitative method of the case study makes it possible for a report to clarify which reasons are legally sustainable based on the judgments that are being studied.The results highlighted by the study have shown that there are differences between the interval sizes, that is, that the municipalities interpret and handle the shore pro-tection legislation differently in connection with the shore protection being repealed within the detailed development plan. Thus, the County Administrative Board should check the municipalities more closely, as their task is to monitor the objec-tives of the shore protection. / På grund av den popularitet som råder vad gäller bosättning i strandnära områden behöver åtgärder vidtas i form av regler och riktlinjer vid byggnation nära stränder för att uppnå ett mer ekologiskt hållbart byggande och bidra till en hållbar samhälls-utveckling.I Sverige används strandskydd som syftar till att skydda allmänhetens tillgång till stränder vilket allemansrätten förespråkar enligt 2 kap. 15 § Regeringsformen. Idag regleras strandskydd i miljöbalken (MB) och en generell regel är att det inte får byggas inom 100 meter från strandlinjen på land och i vatten enligt MB.En kommun kan upphäva strandskydd om ett av de särskilda skälen i 7 kap. 18c § i MB är uppfyllda. Kommuners beslut om upphävande kan överklagas hos länsstyrel-sen, därefter vidare till mark- och miljödomstolen (MMD) och sedan till mark- och miljödomstolen (MÖD).Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad som anses vara giltiga och ogiltiga skäl till att upphäva strandskydd i en detaljplan, detta med hjälp av en rättsfallsstudie. Målet är att denna studie ska leda till en mer jämlik och rättvis hantering vid upphävande av strandskydd inom detaljplan.En kvantitativ- och kvalitativ analys ligger till grund för de resultat som presenteras i denna studie. Den kvantitativa metoden består av en kategorisering av detaljplaner som granskas. Genom denna kategorisering kan det utläsas vilka skäl kommuner med olika befolkningsförutsättningar yrkar på vid upphävande av strandskydd inom detaljplan. Detaljplanestudien avgränsades till Östergötlands län till en början, där-efter kompletterades studien med Kalmar län. Detta eftersom att Östergötland inte fyllde upp kvoten för det efterfrågade antalet detaljplaner. Den kvalitativa metoden av rättsfallsstudien möjliggör för en redogörelse som ska klargöra vilka skäl som är juridiskt hållbara utifrån de domslut som studeras.Det resultat som framhålls av studien har visat att det förekommer skillnader sinse-mellan intervallstorlekarna, det vill säga att kommunerna tolkar samt hanterar strandskyddslagstiftningen olika i samband med att strandskydd upphävs inom detalj-plan. Därmed bör Länsstyrelsen kontrollera kommunerna noggrannare eftersom att deras uppgift är att bevaka strandskyddets syften.

The work describes the situation regarding the reconstruction of buildings on the Budovateľská street in Prešov and the creation of alternative options and possibilities for realization of the rebuilding. The best variant is chosen, based on the multicriterion evaluation of the variants, which was a main point of the work. For the winning variant a business plan was developed, including project schedule, analysis of financing, market and competition research, as well as pricing and marketing strategy. An important part of the plan was the financial plan, in which financial statements, such as balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement were created. Another significant part was the risk analysis and the evaluation of the project by quantitative financial indicators.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Moura Duarte.pdf: 6944260 bytes, checksum: 79e21dba34c1b315c04972e1a4a5b07f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-06 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / In the globalized era the contemporary airport is strategic since it connects one country to the global world. This study deals with the relationship between the São Paulo International Airport and the town of Guarulhos, where it is located, and the outcomes in the São Paulo metropolitan region. Studying the City Master Plan and the laws concerning land usage and occupation in the town of Guarulhos we found out that, between 1980 and 1990, the urban planning instruments were permissive to clandestine and irregular urban residential occupation in the surroundings of the airport. And that, even after it became more restrictive concerning this kind of land usage since 1990 the municipal authority did not impede, or did not have the conditions to impede, the growth in population density in zones improper for urban residential occupation and incompatible with the airport operation of the main Brazilian international airport. The Airport Master Plan, delivered in 1981, was devised by the Federal Government through the Coordinating Comission of the Airport System Project COPASP; and the Airport Development Plan, ended up in 2004, by INFRAERO, did not consider the resettlement of about 5 thousand families that lived nearby the future third landing-strip, jeopardizing the continuity of the airport implementation as designed. We understand that the contemporary airport should be considered strategic to the city, the region and the country where it is located and therefore its implementation should be shared with the territory that encompasses it. / O aeroporto contemporâneo na era da globalização é estratégico, pois, conecta um país ao mundo global. Este trabalho trata da relação entre o Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo e a Cidade de Guarulhos que o acolheu, e os seus desdobramentos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A partir do estudo dos Planos Diretores e das Leis de Uso e Ocupação do Solo de Guarulhos constatamos que, entre 1980 e 1990, os instrumentos de planejamento urbano dessa cidade foram permissivos em relação às ocupações urbanas residenciais clandestinas e irregulares no entorno do aeroporto, e que mesmo após terem se tornado mais restritivos em relação a esse uso, a partir de 1990, o poder público municipal não impediu, ou não teve condições de impedir, o adensamento populacional em zonas de usos impróprias para ocupações urbanas residenciais e incompatíveis com a operação aeroportuária do principal aeroporto internacional brasileiro. O Plano Diretor Aeroportuário, elaborado em 1981; foi realizado pelo Governo Federal através da Comissão Coordenadora do Projeto Sistema Aeroportuário COPASP; e o Plano de Desenvolvimento Aeroportuário, concluído em 2004, pela INFRAERO, não considerou o reassentamento de aproximadamente 5.000 famílias que residem nas áreas de aproximação das cabeceiras da futura terceira pista de pouso e decolagem comprometendo a continuidade da implementação desse aeródromo como fora planejado. Entendemos que o aeroporto contemporâneo deve ser considerado estratégico para a cidade, a região e o país onde está inserido e, portanto, deve ser implementado de forma compartilhada ao território que o acolhe.

This study provides a definition of scientific literacy applicable to secondary school science students. The definition was developed from theories about cognitive processes, the discourse of science, the language register of science and cognitive writing processes. A computer-assisted Scientific Literacy Development Plan was formulated and classroom research undertaken to test its effectiveness. A model of cognitive writing was used as an application of the Scientific Literacy Development Plan in classroom research. The model is called a HyperCard Pathways writing model.The research methodology was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and took place in three phases over three academic school years. The HyperCard Pathways model of writing was developed in modules for the topics of the Year 11 Physics Extended Subject Framework of the Senior Secondary Assessment Board of South Australia. Students used the modules for the completion of required pieces of writing in science as part of the requirements for the South Australian Certificate of Education. Results indicated that the Scientific Literacy Development Plan was an effective tool for the enhancement of scientific literacy of Year 11 physics students and there was potential for the use of the plan in other science subjects. A number of teachers incorporated the techniques of the Scientific Literacy Development Plan into their regular course schedules.In conjunction with the classroom research, a method to assess explanation genre essays was developed called the Scientific Explanation Genre Assessment Scheme. This was trialled independently of the trials of the Scientific Literacy Development Plan and was found to be used reliably by teachers of Year 11 physics. The effectiveness of the computer-assisted Scientific Literacy Development Plan was demonstrated by evidence of improvement in scientific ++ / writing beyond that of normal practice. The products of this research: lesson plans, computer discs, and supporting materials were developed to be of assistance to other teachers. The materials can be adapted to other modules in the science curricula, and, following this project some teachers have chosen to do this.

80年代全球電腦資訊產業開始大幅起飛發展，台灣電腦產業外銷蓬勃成長，Comdex Fall主辦單位金沙集團所舉辦的展覽，皆為所有台灣電腦廠商競相參與！個案公司因而成為台灣展覽代理產業之首 但現在資訊爆炸、網路無國界的社會下，廠商辦展能力日趨獨立，展覽大會行銷管道增多且簡易，中間商角色漸漸薄弱！在雙方面夾擊下，展覽代理產業的生存就已日漸困難，加上台灣公協會的轉型，原本為展覽代理商合作伙伴的公協會，轉而成為競爭對手，讓展覽代理的困境雪上加霜。個案公司面臨到了轉型，開始思考如何能運用原本的核心能力與優勢，轉一時的機緣，成就百年盛時！

This is a study on individual development plans (IDPs) in pre-school and their relationship with the teaching performed. Skolverket does not mention the IDPs in their steering documents for pre-school, and have in a separate memo discouraged from the use. Yet reports show that many of the pre-schools in Sweden are using IDPs. Teaching in pre-school is expected to be a mixture of care and learning without clear boundaries to the scientific topics pre-school aims to introduce children to. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the use of IDPs affect the teaching in pre-school. The questions this study will try to answer are: What is the purpose of IDP in pre-school? In who´s interest are IDPs used? Does the use of IDPs affect the educational methods used? The method chosen for this study is the triangulation method, which can give a more complete view on how the work with IDPs is performed. The study was performed on a private pre-school in central Sweden and uses analysis on the IDPs as well as the local educational plans together with qualitative interviews of both teachers and management. The results of the study show that the purpose of using IDPs mostly seems to revolve around measuring and raising the standard of work in pre- school. Furthermore, my interpretation is that it is the pre-schools interests, not the children’s, which control the goals set up for the children and the work. The pre-school in my study show in their local educational plan that they understand and follow the steering document from Skolverket regarding the methods of education.

das Jahrbuch der Technischen Universität Chemnitz 2013/2014 / the yearbook of Technische Universität Chemnitz 2013/2014