No / In archaeological prospection, computer processing is essential for all stages of data manipulation. This article investigates the contributions which informatics has made in the past and looks at its potential for the future. It is shown how the workflow of satellite imagery, aerial photography and geophysical prospection can be broken down into measurements, acquisition, processing, visualisation and interpretation. Based on these categories, the advantages of digital data manipulations are explored with individual examples. It is shown that informatics can greatly assist with the final archaeological analysis of the measurements but that human experience and assessments are crucial for a meaningful interpretation.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / Selecting an airborne data acquisition system involves compromises. No single data acquisition system can be at the same time, lowest cost, smallest, easiest to use and most accurate. The only way to come to a reasonable decision is to carefully plan the project, taking into account what measurements will be required, what are the physical environments involved, what personnel and resources will be needed and of course, how much money is available in the budget? Getting the right mix of equipment, resources and people to do the job within the schedule and the budget is going to involve a number of tradeoffs. A good plan and a thorough knowledge of available resources and equipment will allow you make the necessary decisions. Hopefully, this paper will offer some suggestions that will aid in preparing your plan and give some insight into available system alternatives.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The objective of the FIRST project is to define a modern DoD Standard Datalink capability. This defined capability or standard is to provide a solution to wide variety of test and training range digital data radio communications problems with a common set of components, flexible to fit a broad range of applications, yet be affordable in all of them. This capability is to be specially designed to meet the expanding range distances and data transmissions rates needed to test modern weapon systems. Presently, the primary focus of the project is more on software, protocols, design techniques and standards, than on hardware development. Existing capabilities, on going developments and emerging technologies are being investigated and will be utilized as appropriate. Modern processingintensive communications technology can perform many complex range data communications tasks effectively, but a large-scale development effort is usually necessary to exploit it to its full potential. Yet, range communications problems are generally of limited scope, so different from one another that a communication system applicable to all of them is not likely to solve any of them well. FIRST will resolve that dilemma by capitalizing on another feature of modern communications technology: its high degree of programmability. This can enable custom-tailoring of datalink operation to particular applications, just as a PC can be tailored to perform a multitude of diverse tasks, through appropriate selection of software and hardware components.

TOFu (Time-Of-Flight upgrade) is a fully digital data acquisition system based on 1 GSPS, 12 bit digitisers for the TOFOR (Time-Of-Flight spectrometer Optimised for Rate) fusion neutron spectrometer at JET. The system has been assessed, developed and subsequently tested during experimental campaigns at JET. A detailed presentation is provided, describing the electronics setup, as well as solutions to challenges related to time-alignment and synchronisation of the signal lines and digitisers. The system enables kinematic discrimination of spectral background, based on associated time and energy measurements. This technique has been tested with synthetic data, evaluated, and compared to experimental results. The kinematic background discrimination method is shown to provide improvements in signal-to-background ratio of up to 500 % in certain spectral regions. TOFOR is optimised for spectrometry of deuterium-deuterium fusion neutron emission at JET. The primary purpose of TOFu is to enable TOFOR to retain these spectrometric capabilities in the presence of a strong background of high-energy deuterium-tritium fusion emission neutrons, in a forthcoming deuterium-tritium fusion plasma campaign at JET. However, the improvement in signal-to-background ratio also allows for detailed studies of low-intensity spectral components, such as the contribution due to neutrons scattering off the internal wall of the JET tokamak before impinging on the TOFOR sight line. Satisfying experimental results pertaining to this aspect of spectral analysis with TOFu data are shown. Finally, a conceptual backscattering time-of-flight spectrometer, based on deuterated scintillator detectors is presented. The backscattering time-of-flight technique is shown to be able to provide high-resolution spectrometric capabilities of deuterium-tritium fusion plasma neutron emission. Studies with synthetic data are used to demonstrate these capabilities and the effects of the developed background discrimination techniques on deuterium-tritium fusion neutron spectra obtained with the instrument.

Neste trabalho descrevemos o desenvolvimento de um analisador de altura de pulsos. Este aparelho é essencial no estudo de sinais oriundos de sensores que detectam fenômenos físicos e codificam as informações na amplitude dos pulsos que fornecem na saída. O sistema compõe-se de um módulo de entrada de sinais conectado a um módulo de controle baseado no microprocessador 8085ª capaz de memorizar pulsos com até 1 uS de largura em 256 canais com resolução melhor que 20mV. Um módulo de comunicação dotado de interface serial é usado para transferência de dados para outros dispositivos através do protocolo RS232c. O módulo de operação e monitoração munido de teclado hexadecimal e saída analógica possibilita a visualização das curvas coletadas num monitor XY. A arquitetura do aparelho e os programas desenvolvidos para este sistema de baixo custo foram otimizados de forma a produzir um tempo morto típico de aproximadamente 100 uS. Como aplicação ele foi utilizado para levantamento de curvas no Laboratório de espelhamento de raios-x a baixo ângulo deste Departamento. O desempenho do aparelho foi testado através de comparações entre seus dados e os obtidos através de um similar, um PHA Northern modelo NS633, e conclui-se pela sua eficiência / This work describes the development of a Pulse height analyzer. This equipment is essential to analyze data coming from detectors producing information codified in pulse amplitudes. The system developed consist of a Signal input module connected to a controller module based on a 8085A microprocessor capable to memorize pulses up to 1 us in 256 channels with a resolution better than 20mV. A Communication module with a serial interface is used for data transfer to a host computer using RS232c protocol. The monitoring and operation module consist of a hexadecimal Keyboard, a 6 digit 7-segment display and a XY monitor. The hardware and the software designed for this low cost system were optimized to obtain a typical dead time of approximately 100 uS. As application, this device was used to acquire curves at the Small Angle x-ray scattering laboratory in this Department. The apparatus performance was tested by comparing its data with a Northern Pulge height analyzer model NS633 output, with favorable results

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Neste trabalho descrevemos o desenvolvimento de um analisador de altura de pulsos. Este aparelho é essencial no estudo de sinais oriundos de sensores que detectam fenômenos físicos e codificam as informações na amplitude dos pulsos que fornecem na saída. O sistema compõe-se de um módulo de entrada de sinais conectado a um módulo de controle baseado no microprocessador 8085ª capaz de memorizar pulsos com até 1 uS de largura em 256 canais com resolução melhor que 20mV. Um módulo de comunicação dotado de interface serial é usado para transferência de dados para outros dispositivos através do protocolo RS232c. O módulo de operação e monitoração munido de teclado hexadecimal e saída analógica possibilita a visualização das curvas coletadas num monitor XY. A arquitetura do aparelho e os programas desenvolvidos para este sistema de baixo custo foram otimizados de forma a produzir um tempo morto típico de aproximadamente 100 uS. Como aplicação ele foi utilizado para levantamento de curvas no Laboratório de espelhamento de raios-x a baixo ângulo deste Departamento. O desempenho do aparelho foi testado através de comparações entre seus dados e os obtidos através de um similar, um PHA Northern modelo NS633, e conclui-se pela sua eficiência / This work describes the development of a Pulse height analyzer. This equipment is essential to analyze data coming from detectors producing information codified in pulse amplitudes. The system developed consist of a Signal input module connected to a controller module based on a 8085A microprocessor capable to memorize pulses up to 1 us in 256 channels with a resolution better than 20mV. A Communication module with a serial interface is used for data transfer to a host computer using RS232c protocol. The monitoring and operation module consist of a hexadecimal Keyboard, a 6 digit 7-segment display and a XY monitor. The hardware and the software designed for this low cost system were optimized to obtain a typical dead time of approximately 100 uS. As application, this device was used to acquire curves at the Small Angle x-ray scattering laboratory in this Department. The apparatus performance was tested by comparing its data with a Northern Pulge height analyzer model NS633 output, with favorable results

The traditional method of implementing SRAM in CMOS is via a six-transistor cell and five routing lines. If the number of transistors and the number of wires could be reduced, the packing density of the memory cells could be increased, and the area reduced. This document describes the design of an SRAM system based on a new four¬transistor SRAM cell. The primary design goal was to create a functional system, so that the relationship between reduced cell area and a potentially reduced system area could be investigated. A new write method and associated array structure has been used, and the design of the system parameters was accomplished using static noise margin theory. The power dissipation and percentage reduction in cell area have been improved over previous designs. The circuits to achieve the access to the cell have been designed and simulated. These include low-impedance driver circuits, that allow the power supply of the cell's devices to be individually modified to read and write the cell, and a current sense amplifier system to convert the output current to a digital voltage. These circuits allow complete and accurate control to be achieved, but a price is paid for the complexity in terms of layout area. The SRAM system emulates a standard SRAM, and could therefore be used to replace current SRAM implementations. The design was simulated on a system level, and found to operate correctly. Although it is outperformed by its six-transistor cell counterpart in terms of power dissipation, speed and layout area, the groundwork for defining further research and improving the characteristics of further designs has been laid. / Dissertation (MEng (Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

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