A rápida evolução e a ampla disseminação de tecnologias digitais estão mudando o contexto e o perfil dos aprendizes que hoje circulam naturalmente entre espaços físicos, espaços virtuais e espaços sociais diferentes, aprendendo em contextos formais e informais. Paradigmas educacionais atuais defendem a aprendizagem centrada no aprendiz que constrói seu conhecimento ao criar e desenvolver projetos, ao interagir com os objetos de estudo, com seus pares, com seus professores e mentores. A análise de requisitos etapa fundamental do desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta digital - concentra-se essencialmente em aspectos computacionais a partir da identificação de fluxos de entrada e saída e dos processos que a ferramenta deverá executar. Entretanto, a análise de requisitos é difícil de ser conduzida quando os conteúdos e inter-relações são complexos e dinâmicos. Recentemente, a abordagem de ecossistemas tem sido usada para entender ou modelar fenômenos que surgem da tecnologia e de seu uso. Propomos utilizar esta abordagem para conceber novas ferramentas digitais de aprendizagem ao analisar seus requisitos, ou para analisar ferramentas existentes. Assim, propomos neste trabalho uma definição e um modelo de Ecossistema Digital de Aprendizagem, que podem ser aplicados tanto na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais quanto na análise para melhoria de ferramentas existentes. Um conjunto de artefatos, resultantes do detalhamento do modelo, é apresentado a fim de auxiliar na utilização do mesmo. A avaliação da aplicabilidade do modelo foi realizada por meio de sua utilização em estudos de caso de ferramentas educacionais desenvolvidas anteriormente. A aplicação do modelo evidenciou aspectos que não foram contemplados com abordagens tradicionais e permitiu levantar possíveis modificações e ampliações que podem levar a um estágio mais maduro do ecossistema. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do modelo na análise de ferramentas existentes apontam caminhos promissores para que esta estratégia seja usada na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais de aprendizagem. / The rapid evolution and dissemination of digital technology are changing the learners context and profile. Learners move naturally between different physical spaces, different virtual spaces and different social spaces, engaging in learning activities in formal and informal contexts. Educational paradigms defend a learner centered approach, where learners construct their knowledge creating and developing projects, interacting with learning objects, with their peers, their teachers and mentors. Requirements analysis is a fundamental phase in the development of digital tools and concentrates essentially on computational aspects consisting on the identification of the tools input and output flows as well as processing. Nevertheless, requirements analysis is difficult to conduct when contents and relations are complex and dynamic. Recently, the ecosystem approach has been used to understand and to model phenomena that appear from the technology and its use. We propose to use this approach to conceive new digital learning tools, analyzing its requirements, or to use this approach to analyze existing tools. Therefore we propose in this research a Digital Learning Ecosystem definition and model that can be applied to the conception of new educational tools, as well as to analyze and improve existing tools. The detailed model includes a set of artifacts that can support its application. The model applicability evaluation was achieved by applying it on previously developed study cases. The model application showed some aspects that were not considered with traditional approaches and raised possible modifications and extensions that can lead to a mature stage of the ecosystem. The model application analysis of existing tools showed promising results and indicate that this approach can be used to conceive new educational learning tools.

A rápida evolução e a ampla disseminação de tecnologias digitais estão mudando o contexto e o perfil dos aprendizes que hoje circulam naturalmente entre espaços físicos, espaços virtuais e espaços sociais diferentes, aprendendo em contextos formais e informais. Paradigmas educacionais atuais defendem a aprendizagem centrada no aprendiz que constrói seu conhecimento ao criar e desenvolver projetos, ao interagir com os objetos de estudo, com seus pares, com seus professores e mentores. A análise de requisitos etapa fundamental do desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta digital - concentra-se essencialmente em aspectos computacionais a partir da identificação de fluxos de entrada e saída e dos processos que a ferramenta deverá executar. Entretanto, a análise de requisitos é difícil de ser conduzida quando os conteúdos e inter-relações são complexos e dinâmicos. Recentemente, a abordagem de ecossistemas tem sido usada para entender ou modelar fenômenos que surgem da tecnologia e de seu uso. Propomos utilizar esta abordagem para conceber novas ferramentas digitais de aprendizagem ao analisar seus requisitos, ou para analisar ferramentas existentes. Assim, propomos neste trabalho uma definição e um modelo de Ecossistema Digital de Aprendizagem, que podem ser aplicados tanto na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais quanto na análise para melhoria de ferramentas existentes. Um conjunto de artefatos, resultantes do detalhamento do modelo, é apresentado a fim de auxiliar na utilização do mesmo. A avaliação da aplicabilidade do modelo foi realizada por meio de sua utilização em estudos de caso de ferramentas educacionais desenvolvidas anteriormente. A aplicação do modelo evidenciou aspectos que não foram contemplados com abordagens tradicionais e permitiu levantar possíveis modificações e ampliações que podem levar a um estágio mais maduro do ecossistema. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do modelo na análise de ferramentas existentes apontam caminhos promissores para que esta estratégia seja usada na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais de aprendizagem. / The rapid evolution and dissemination of digital technology are changing the learners context and profile. Learners move naturally between different physical spaces, different virtual spaces and different social spaces, engaging in learning activities in formal and informal contexts. Educational paradigms defend a learner centered approach, where learners construct their knowledge creating and developing projects, interacting with learning objects, with their peers, their teachers and mentors. Requirements analysis is a fundamental phase in the development of digital tools and concentrates essentially on computational aspects consisting on the identification of the tools input and output flows as well as processing. Nevertheless, requirements analysis is difficult to conduct when contents and relations are complex and dynamic. Recently, the ecosystem approach has been used to understand and to model phenomena that appear from the technology and its use. We propose to use this approach to conceive new digital learning tools, analyzing its requirements, or to use this approach to analyze existing tools. Therefore we propose in this research a Digital Learning Ecosystem definition and model that can be applied to the conception of new educational tools, as well as to analyze and improve existing tools. The detailed model includes a set of artifacts that can support its application. The model applicability evaluation was achieved by applying it on previously developed study cases. The model application showed some aspects that were not considered with traditional approaches and raised possible modifications and extensions that can lead to a mature stage of the ecosystem. The model application analysis of existing tools showed promising results and indicate that this approach can be used to conceive new educational learning tools.

The aim of this study is to present teacher and student views on, and usage of, digital learning tools in the Swedish upper secondary English language classroom, as well their views on a comparison between digital and traditional learning tools. Digital learning tools have seen an increase in both usage and development, something that began as early as the 1990’s, and has become a more common sight in Swedish upper secondary schools. Previous research conducted about digital learning tools and their application in both the general and the English language classroom is presented and used to both analyze and discuss empirical data; said data has been received through a qualitative methodology comprised of two focus group interviews with students and teachers. The empirical data is categorized according to each research question, with direct and translated quotes from the focus group interviews. The results of the study show that while digital learning tools viewed in a positive light and their usage is appreciated by some students, both groups primarily advocate variety in the English language classroom rather than relying exclusively on just one set of tools to create a learning environment that caters to all students rather than a select few.

Svenska skolor blir gradvis mer digitaliserade, vilket gör att fler lärare vänder sig till Google Drive för att förbättra elevers samarbete, särskilt ESL-lärare, som detta examensarbete fokuserar på. Syftet med denna studie är därför att ta reda på hur användandet av Google Drive kan påverka ESL-skrivning i gymnasiet. Detta examensarbete är kvalitativt och undersöker personliga åsikterna från tre ESL-lärare och tre ESL-elever på gymnasiet i Sverige. Dessutom ger papperet en inblick i hur bra lärarnas digitala utbildning i Google Drive motsvarar uppdraget att förbättra elevers engelska skrivförmåga. Utöver ger det här dokumentet en översikt över tidigare forskning om Google Drive som en plattform för samarbete. Baserat på resultaten hävdar deltagarna att gemensamt skrivna texter i Google Drive kan öka elevers motivation och förbättra flera aspekter av deras engelska, om det används idealt. Hur som helst så är några viktiga faktorer som bestämmer plattformens framgång: medvetande om och förebyggande av plagiering, obalanserad arbetsbelastning och grundläggande digital utbildning för lärare, som då kan vidarebefordras till deras elever. / Swedish schools are gradually becoming more digitalized, which cause more teachers to turn to Google Drive for improving students´ collaborative writing, especially ESL teachers, which this degree project focuses on. Hence, the aim of this study is to find out how using Google Drive can influence upper secondary collaborative ESL writing. This degree project is qualitative in nature and explores the personal opinions of three ESL teachers and three ESL students at an upper secondary school in Sweden. Moreover, the paper offers an insight to how well the teachers’ digital training in Google Drive corresponds with the mission of improving students´ English writing ability. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of previous research on Google Drive as a platform for collaborative learning. Based on the findings, the participants argue that collaborative writing in Google Drive can increase students’ motivation and improve several aspects of their written English, if used ideally. However, some key factors that determine the success of the platform are awareness and prevention of plagiarism, unbalanced workload and fundamental digital training for teachers, which then could be passed on to their students.

The aim of this research review is to investigate how digital learning tools contribute to pupils reading development; how pupils’ motivation is promoted with digital teaching tools in education; and positive and negative aspects with the use of digital teaching tools in reading development. This was answered with the help of a literature review. The results also show that there are both positive and negative consequences with the use of digital teaching tools to promote reading development. Mostly positive consequences were found because it contributes to variety in the education which promotes the pupils’ motivation. The result also shows that teachers feel that they do not have enough digital competence, while most pupils feel confident in the use of digital teaching tools. The conclusion of the research overview shows that it depends on how the teacher uses digital teaching tools and in what context. The use of digital teaching tools in education can lead to both good and bad consequences depending on the pupil and teacher.

I mars 2017 beslutade den svenska regeringen att förstärka och förtydliga den digitala kompetensen i styrdokumenten för skolan, från förskolenivå till gymnasienivå. Detta innebar en förstärkt skyldighet som lärare att undervisa på ett sätt som främjar elevernas digitala kompetens. Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i vad nationella och internationella styrdokument har betonat gällande digital kompetens och en digitalisering av skolan. Uppsatsen första frågeställning berör hur IKT används i undervisningen och vad det finns för möjligheter och utmaningar kopplade till användandet av IKT i undervisningen. Den andra frågeställningen undersöker hur läsförståelsen påverkas när man går ifrån den traditionella pappersläsningen till att börja läsa mer digitalt då allt fler elever får egna datorer och läsplattor. Slutsatser som dras i denna uppsats är att det finns en diskrepans mellan policy- och implementeringsnivå. Då digital kompetens förstärks på policynivå utan att lärarna på implementeringsnivå har fått tillräckligt med stöd och utbildning för att kunna klara av detta uppdrag på ett tillfredställande sätt. Trots att det finns många möjligheter kopplade till användandet av IKT i undervisningen, så når detta användande inte sin fulla potential då användandet kantras av flera utmaningar. Avslutningsvis så visar forskningen motstridiga resultat gällande hur läsförståelsen påverkas av att läsa digitalt. Det tycks se ut som att i bästa fall så blir läsförståelsen oförändrad och i värsta fall att läsförståelsen påverkas negativt av att läsa digitalt.

Mobiltelefoner används i dagsläget knappt som lärverktyg i matematikundervisningen trots att den digitala tekniken är en stor del av det svenska samhället. Genom mobile learning ges elever möjlighet att utnyttja mobiltelefonen som lärverktyg både i formella och informella sammanhang. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om huruvida lärare ser mobiltelefonen som ett potentiellt lärverktyg i grundskolans tidigare år. Studien besvarar frågor om elva lärares inställning till och kunskap om mobiltelefonen, vad de ser som möjligheter och svårigheter med verktyget samt deras syn på mobile learning i utomhusmatematik. För att besvara dessa frågor används kvalitativa intervjuer och teorierna Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge och Radical-local teaching and learning. Resultatet visar att lärare generellt är positivt inställda till mobiltelefonen som lärverktyg och mobile learning, dock i olika utsträckning. Utifrån resultatet kan slutsatsen dras att lärare behöver fortbildning för att bli mer förtrogna med mobiltelefonens användning som lärverktyg i matematikämnet. / Cellphones are currently barely used as a learning tool in mathematics education, even though digital technology is a large part of the Swedish society. Through mobile learning, students are given the opportunity to use the cellphone as a learning tool in both formal and informal contexts. The purpose of the study is to increase knowledge about whether eleven teachers see the cellphone as a potential learning tool in the previous years of primary school. The study answers teachers' attitudes to and knowledge of the cellphone, what they see as opportunities and difficulties with the tool and their view of mobile learning in outdoor mathematics. To answer these questions, qualitative interviews and the theories Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge and Radical-local teaching and learning are used. The results show that the teachers in general are positive to the cellphone as a learning tool and the concept of mobile learning, but in varying degrees. Based on the results, it can be concluded that teachers need further training to become more confident to use cellphones as a learning tool in the subject of mathematics.

I litteratur och tidigare forskning framgår digitala lärverktyg som viktiga hjälpmedel för elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Datorn och dess program som rättstavning, talsyntes och tal-till-text kan ha en avgörande betydelse för dem för att nå målen i sin utbildning. Trots detta visar forskning att det är många elever som väljer att tacka nej till användning av datorer. I tidigare forskning finns det få exempel där elevernas röster blir hörda och där man kan ta del av deras tankar och känslor kring digitala lärverktyg och deras inverkan på lärande. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur några högstadieelever med dyslexi och/eller språkstörning upplever användningen av digitala lärverktyg. Studien har genomförts på två skolor i två olika kommuner. Genom en intervjuundersökning har vi fått svar från tio elever. Intervjusvaren sammanställdes och analyserades. Resultatet har sammanställts utifrån fem teman: tillgång, användning, stöd, fördelar och utmaningar. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgjordes av sociokulturella perspektiv och multimodal teori. Slutsatser som dragits är att eleverna har tillgång till flera olika digitala lärverktyg men de väljer inte alltid att använda sig av alla de har tillgång till. Elever uppfattar att verktygen främst ger dem stöd i läs- och skrivsituationer och möjliggör för dem att följa med i klasskamraternas tempo och göra samma uppgifter som övriga. Utmaningar som eleverna beskriver med verktygen är exempelvis yttre faktorer som teknikstrul och dålig internetuppkoppling, att program som tal-till-text försvårar inkludering då det krävs en tyst plats där inget försvårar ljudupptagningen. Digitala lärverktyg utmanar också när stöd uteblir vid användning av dem. / In literature and previous research it shows that digital learning tools are an important aid for pupils with reading and writing difficulties. The computer and its programs like spelling, word prediction, speech synthesis and speech-to-text can have a crucial meaning for them to reach the goals for their school education. Despite this, research shows that many pupils choose to say no to the use of computers. In previous research there are few examples where the students' voices are heard and where they can share their thoughts and feelings about digital learning tools and their impact on learning. The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge of how some high school students with dyslexia and/or language impairment experience the use of digital learning tools. The study was conducted at two schools in two different municipalities. Through an interview survey, we have received answers from ten students. The results of the interviews were compiled and analyzed. The results have been compiled based on five themes: access, use, support, benefits and challenges. The theoretical framework of the study consisted of sociocultural perspectives and multimodal theories. Conclusions drawn are that students have access to several different digital learning tools but they do not always choose to use all they have access to. Students experience that the tools primarily give them support in reading and writing situations and enable them to follow the classmates´ pace and do the same tasks as others. Challenges that the students describe with the tools are, for example, external factors such as technology problems and poor internet connection and that programs such as speech-to-text make inclusion more difficult as a quiet place is required where nothing interfere sound recording. Digital learning tools also challenge when support is not available in use.