Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a vida de alguns Moradores de Rua no encontro com a Casa de Apoio Casa da Solidariedade ACASO, percebendo o que dessas vidas pode servir como analisador de nossas próprias vidas, analisando também a produção de assistencialismo, não autonomia e outros efeitos que uma prática deste tipo pode vir a causar. Em tempos de biopoder como estamos vivendo nos dias de hoje, em que a vida vale como uma mercadoria e Moradores de Rua são desqualificados como pessoas e estão sendo expulsos e vitimados pela força bruta do Estado, ousamos afirmar que a vida vale por si mesma. Esta tese também pretende analisar a Política para a Inclusão da População em Situação de Rua e enfrentar o tema da criminalização da pobreza, bem como a produção de vitimização desta população. Partindo dos conceitos de biopoder em Michel Foucault e Peter Pál Pelbart, bem como o de desfiliação em Robert Castel, analisa as tramas dos que escolhem a rua como lar. Um importante aspecto, também ressaltado pela tese, é a forma como a ACASO exerce suas práticas através da religião como forma de cuidado e acolhida ao diferente e àqueles e àquelas que se encontram excluídos da sociedade de consumo. Outro importante viés desta tese é a discussão de dois estereótipos da vida dos Moradores de Rua que os marcam cotidianamente, o de vítima e de criminoso / This research aims to analyze the lives of some homeless citizens, and their encounter with the "House of Solidarity" Support House ACASO, realizing what of these lives can serve as analyzers of our own lives, and also analyzing the production of welfare dependency, non-autonomy and other effects that this type of practice may cause. In times of bio-power, as the ones we are living today, in which life is seen as a commodity, and where Homeless People are disqualified as human beings and are being expelled and victimized by the State violence, we dare to affirm that life is worthwhile in itself. This thesis also intends to analyze the Policy for the Inclusion of the Street Population and address the issue of the criminalization of poverty, as well as the production of the victimization of this population. Based on the concepts of bio-power in Michel Foucault and Peter Pál Pelbart, as well as the concept of disaffiliationin Robert Castel, this thesis analyzes the stories of those who choose the street as a home. An important aspect, also emphasized by this thesis, is how ACASO performs its practices through religion as a form of care and receptivity to the different and those who are excluded from the consumer society. Another important aspect of this thesis is the discussion of two stereotypes that are constantlyfixed on Street dwellers, being the victim and the criminal

No description available.

No description available.

A large body of research has investigated the effects of religion on individual behavior and, more recently, the collective performance of societies. Religion is predominantly credited with favorable outcomes, such as pro-social behavior, better health and higher life satisfaction. Religious and non-religious individuals also differ in their values and preferences. Moreover, religious institutions such as churches also have a large direct effect on society by being an employer or a social welfare provider. Against this background, the constant decline in church membership rates in Germany since the late 1960s is an economically relevant phenomenon. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the economic causes and consequences of church disaffiliation, from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Based on an extensive literature review of models of religious consumption choices I conclude that most of the previous work does not pay sufficient attention to the institutional framework of church membership and church financing in Europe. I develop a theoretical model in which I analyze an individual’s decisions on church membership and on voluntary giving to religious and secular organizations against the institutional backgrounds of the German church tax system and the Italian tax assignment system. The model predicts that in a church tax system individuals with a higher income and those who have to pay a higher church tax rate are more likely to disaffiliate from the church. In contrast, in a tax assignment system cost-benefit considerations of church membership should not take place. Furthermore, the model shows that church and assignment taxes can crowd out voluntary giving to religious and non-religious purposes. In the empirical part of the dissertation I focus on the case of Germany, testing the hypotheses derived from the theoretical discussion with the help of the German Taxpayer Panel for the years 2001 to 2006. The main research question in the first empirical chapter is whether the institutional framework in the form of the existing church tax regulations has a statistically significant effect on the decision to leave the church. The hypothesis is that ceteris paribus an increase in the price of church membership increases the probability that an individual disaffiliates from the church. The estimation results show that both the price of church membership in the first year of the observation period and the change in price experienced by the individual have a significant positive, but moderate effect on the probability of church disaffiliation. In the second empirical part of the dissertation I ask if church members and non-members differ in their voluntary giving and if the giving behavior changes from before to after disaffiliation. I distinguish between the decision whether to make a contribution at all and the decision how much to give. The results imply that church members are not less, but rather more likely to make a charitable contribution than non-members. However, I do find that the average amount given by church members is below the amount given by non-members. This finding suggests that church taxes and additional voluntary donations might be substitutes at the intensive margin. With respect to church disaffiliation, I find evidence that giving is moderately higher after individuals have left the church than before. However, results are inconsistent in whether the increase is due to a higher inclination to give, a higher amount given by those who make a contribution, or both.

Cette recherche exploratoire et qualitative porte un regard sur la réalité des personnes qui vivent dans la rue avec un chien comme animal de compagnie. Sachant que le milieu de la rue est un environnement stressant et rempli d’épreuves à surmonter, il est possible de croire que d’y vivre avec un animal de compagnie peut influencer le quotidien d’une personne. Bien que seulement 10 % des personnes en situation d’itinérance vivent avec un animal de compagnie (Irvine & al. 2012 ; Irvine.2013), il est important de cerner le sens qu’elles attribuent à leur relation et comprendre leur contexte situationnel afin de saisir leur réalité. Pour ce faire, cette recherche met en lumière les bénéfices et les contraintes qu’engendrent cette présence et l’influence de ces aspects relationnels sur le processus de désaffiliation sociale dans lequel la personne se situe lorsqu’elle vit dans la rue. / Abstract : This qualitative research explores the reality of street people who share their lives with a dog as a companion. Knowing that the street is a stressful environment filled with hardships, it is possible it is contemplated that living on the street with a pet can considerably influence someone’s life. Considering that it is about 10% of people that live on the street who are having a pet (Irvine 2013), it is important to identify the meaning they attribute to their relationship. To understand their situational context, this research highlights the benefits and constraints of this presence and the influence of these relational aspects on the social disaffiliation process of a person who live on the street with animal.

No description available.

A large body of research has investigated the effects of religion on individual behavior and, more recently, the collective performance of societies. Religion is predominantly credited with favorable outcomes, such as pro-social behavior, better health and higher life satisfaction. Religious and non-religious individuals also differ in their values and preferences. Moreover, religious institutions such as churches also have a large direct effect on society by being an employer or a social welfare provider. Against this background, the constant decline in church membership rates in Germany since the late 1960s is an economically relevant phenomenon. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the economic causes and consequences of church disaffiliation, from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Based on an extensive literature review of models of religious consumption choices I conclude that most of the previous work does not pay sufficient attention to the institutional framework of church membership and church financing in Europe. I develop a theoretical model in which I analyze an individual’s decisions on church membership and on voluntary giving to religious and secular organizations against the institutional backgrounds of the German church tax system and the Italian tax assignment system. The model predicts that in a church tax system individuals with a higher income and those who have to pay a higher church tax rate are more likely to disaffiliate from the church. In contrast, in a tax assignment system cost-benefit considerations of church membership should not take place. Furthermore, the model shows that church and assignment taxes can crowd out voluntary giving to religious and non-religious purposes. In the empirical part of the dissertation I focus on the case of Germany, testing the hypotheses derived from the theoretical discussion with the help of the German Taxpayer Panel for the years 2001 to 2006. The main research question in the first empirical chapter is whether the institutional framework in the form of the existing church tax regulations has a statistically significant effect on the decision to leave the church. The hypothesis is that ceteris paribus an increase in the price of church membership increases the probability that an individual disaffiliates from the church. The estimation results show that both the price of church membership in the first year of the observation period and the change in price experienced by the individual have a significant positive, but moderate effect on the probability of church disaffiliation. In the second empirical part of the dissertation I ask if church members and non-members differ in their voluntary giving and if the giving behavior changes from before to after disaffiliation. I distinguish between the decision whether to make a contribution at all and the decision how much to give. The results imply that church members are not less, but rather more likely to make a charitable contribution than non-members. However, I do find that the average amount given by church members is below the amount given by non-members. This finding suggests that church taxes and additional voluntary donations might be substitutes at the intensive margin. With respect to church disaffiliation, I find evidence that giving is moderately higher after individuals have left the church than before. However, results are inconsistent in whether the increase is due to a higher inclination to give, a higher amount given by those who make a contribution, or both.

Esta tese se propõe a demonstrar avanços e limitações encontrados para a escolarização de crianças e jovens com necessidades especiais na rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo, nos últimos seis anos e discutir possibilidades e desafios para a condução de ações da modalidade de ensino Educação Especial, sob a perspectiva da política educacional denominada inclusiva. Fundamentada em pesquisa e estudos das áreas da Sociologia, destacadamente, as da Sociologia Crítica e da Educação, esta tese discute a dicotomia inclusão/exclusão presente na concepção de políticas públicas atuais, evidenciando a partir do referencial de laços sociais e de construções teóricas sobre afiliação/desafiliação de Robert Castel, para analisar contextos sociais. Ao examinar como as contradições e os impasses existentes no contexto socioeconômico influenciam a política educacional e, com maior intensidade, as questões referentes à escolarização de crianças e jovens com necessidades especiais, coloca em xeque a reprodução de desigualdades sociais na escola, a prática docente e a estrutura do próprio sistema. Ao indicar a necessidade de que a concepção da política educacional vai além da implantação de reformas, transformando estruturalmente o sistema de ensino, propõe que a Educação possa ser realmente um dos caminhos pelos quais se encontrem possibilidades para a construção de arranjos sociais plausíveis que se fundamentem nos princípios da coesão social, da igualdade de direitos e da solidariedade. / This research aims to show the conquests and limitations found for teaching kids and teens with special needs in São Paulo educational network, in the last six years and discuss the possibilities and challenges to conduct actions in the Special Education sector, under the educational policy perspective, denominated inclusive. Based on researches and studies in the Sociology areas, specially Critical Sociology and Education, this thesis discuss the dichotomy inclusion/exclusion, presented in the conception of the public policy nowadays, proving from the social laces and the theorical constructions by Robert Castel toward the affiliation/disaffiliation for the social context analysis. After examining how the contradictions and the deadlocks that exist in the socialeconomical context affecting the educational policy, and with bigger intensity, the questions regarding to the education for kids and teens with special needs, testing the social inequality reproduction at school, the teaching practice and the structure of the system itself. By indicating the needs that the conception of the educational policy goes beyond implementing the changes, structurally transforming the teaching system, proposes that the Education could be really one of its ways which would find possibilities for building the social arrangements plausible that would be based in the principles of the social cohesion, the equal rights and solidarity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tallita Soares Lopes Fenato.pdf: 687335 bytes, checksum: eac2df33453c7dc93df9a776a117f8d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study was to analyze repertoires present in social work with children and adolescents in situations of violence, specifically the notions of risk and disaffiliation. These concepts were incorporated into the area Psi and public policies often so-critical, hence the importance of restoring its historic genesis and examine its implications. Thus, initially contextualized social work and its governmentality, in view of M. Foucault and J. Donzelot. The "social work" originates from the XIII century, in a first configuration called services, which operated a rational management of poverty through philanthropy; in the nineteenth century takes another configuration, in the gap between the ideals of democracy (equality of basic social rights) and the market´s liberalism (impossibility of democratic ideals) in an attempt to reduce social inequality. The social work is founded with the childhood as one of the main targets of governmentalily. In 1990, the Brazilian Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) suggests a view of citizenship rights or protection for this population. The ongoing mutation suggests, however, that the regime still exists guardianship practices already underway in the aegis of the ECA, as we shall see in the debate raised by the concepts of risk and disaffiliation. The debate on these concepts was performed from the content analysis and problematization of academic productions of database virtual Virtual Health Library - Psychology (BVS Psi). We chose articles that bring the definition of risk and disaffiliation, and they were on the field of childhood. The concept of risk, identified four uses: opposite to citizenship; typological; developmental and economic. Regarding the notion of disaffiliation, we found three uses: as Castel; opposite the membership and as a type of violence. The diversity of uses allowed us to identify yet more changes to the system wont sometimes to protect the rights. In developmental and economic perspective, several articles reiterate a stigma of children at risk / disaffiliated as poor children, abnormal, atypical, threatening with social cost. The concepts of risk and disaffiliation are linked to strategies of government and, often, can repeat the guardianship regime. Different uses that reflect ethical and political positions of social work. Should examine the practices in the social field, its effects so that they can bring the system of citizenship and the rights of children. Intakes of Foucault Donzelot have allowed us to discuss the challenges of deploying a system of rights in the context of childhood and adolescence in Brazil and the overcoming of an optic or guardianship care / A proposta deste trabalho foi analisar repertórios presentes no trabalho social com a infância e adolescência em situação de violência, mais especificamente as noções de risco e desafiliação. Tais noções foram incorporadas à área psi e às políticas públicas muitas vezes de maneira a-crítica, daí a importância de reconstituir sua gênese histórica e de analisar suas implicações. Para tanto, inicialmente contextualizamos o trabalho social e sua dimensão de governamentalidade, na perspectiva de M. Foucault e J. Donzelot. O trabalho social origina-se no século XIII, numa primeira configuração denominada assistencial , que operava uma gestão racional da indigência, por meio da filantropia; no século XIX toma outra configuração, a tutelar , no hiato entre os ideais da democracia (igualdade no acesso de direitos sociais básicos) e do liberalismo do mercado (impossibilidade dos ideais democráticos), na tentativa de diminuir a desigualdade social. O trabalho social fundou-se tendo a população infantil como um dos alvos principais de governamentalidade. Em 1990, no Brasil, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) propõe uma perspectiva de direitos ou de cidadania para proteção dessa população. A mutação em curso sugere, no entanto, que o regime tutelar ainda perpassa as práticas em curso já na égide do ECA, como veremos no debate colocado pelas noções de risco e desafiliação. O debate sobre essas noções foi realizado a partir da análise de conteúdo e problematização de produções acadêmicas da base de dados virtual Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Psicologia (BVS Psi). Escolhemos artigos que trouxessem a definição das noções de risco e desafiliação e que fossem relativos à área da infância. Quanto à noção de risco, identificamos quatro usos: oposta à cidadania; tipológica; desenvolvimentista e econômica. Em relação à noção de desafiliação, encontramos três usos: conforme Castel; oposta à filiação e como um tipo de violência. A diversidade de usos nos permitiu identificar inflexões ora mais afeitas ao regime tutelar ora ao de direitos. Na perspectiva desenvolvimentista e econômica, vários artigos reiteram um estigma da infância em risco/desafiliada como a menoridade, a infância pobre, infância anormal, atípica, ameaçadora, com custo social. As noções de risco e desafiliação estão articuladas a estratégias de governamentalidade e, muitas vezes, podem reiterar o regime tutelar. São diferentes usos que refletem posições ético-políticas diferentes do trabalho social. Convém analisar as práticas no campo social, seus efeitos para que possam se aproximar mais do regime da cidadania e dos direitos da infância. Os aportes de Donzelot e Foucault nos permitiram debater os desafios da implantação de um regime de direitos no âmbito da infância e da adolescência no Brasil e da superação de uma ótica tutelar ou assistencial

Esta tese se propõe a demonstrar avanços e limitações encontrados para a escolarização de crianças e jovens com necessidades especiais na rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo, nos últimos seis anos e discutir possibilidades e desafios para a condução de ações da modalidade de ensino Educação Especial, sob a perspectiva da política educacional denominada inclusiva. Fundamentada em pesquisa e estudos das áreas da Sociologia, destacadamente, as da Sociologia Crítica e da Educação, esta tese discute a dicotomia inclusão/exclusão presente na concepção de políticas públicas atuais, evidenciando a partir do referencial de laços sociais e de construções teóricas sobre afiliação/desafiliação de Robert Castel, para analisar contextos sociais. Ao examinar como as contradições e os impasses existentes no contexto socioeconômico influenciam a política educacional e, com maior intensidade, as questões referentes à escolarização de crianças e jovens com necessidades especiais, coloca em xeque a reprodução de desigualdades sociais na escola, a prática docente e a estrutura do próprio sistema. Ao indicar a necessidade de que a concepção da política educacional vai além da implantação de reformas, transformando estruturalmente o sistema de ensino, propõe que a Educação possa ser realmente um dos caminhos pelos quais se encontrem possibilidades para a construção de arranjos sociais plausíveis que se fundamentem nos princípios da coesão social, da igualdade de direitos e da solidariedade. / This research aims to show the conquests and limitations found for teaching kids and teens with special needs in São Paulo educational network, in the last six years and discuss the possibilities and challenges to conduct actions in the Special Education sector, under the educational policy perspective, denominated inclusive. Based on researches and studies in the Sociology areas, specially Critical Sociology and Education, this thesis discuss the dichotomy inclusion/exclusion, presented in the conception of the public policy nowadays, proving from the social laces and the theorical constructions by Robert Castel toward the affiliation/disaffiliation for the social context analysis. After examining how the contradictions and the deadlocks that exist in the socialeconomical context affecting the educational policy, and with bigger intensity, the questions regarding to the education for kids and teens with special needs, testing the social inequality reproduction at school, the teaching practice and the structure of the system itself. By indicating the needs that the conception of the educational policy goes beyond implementing the changes, structurally transforming the teaching system, proposes that the Education could be really one of its ways which would find possibilities for building the social arrangements plausible that would be based in the principles of the social cohesion, the equal rights and solidarity.