O desaparecimento de pessoas é um fenômeno complexo e polissêmico que pode estar conectado a diferentes condições históricas, saberes, tecnologias, expertises. Através de uma etnografia multissituada nos propomos a compreender as relações de poder investidas nas formas de governo (Foucault, 2008) do desaparecimento, através da emergência da militância de familiares, dos modos de subjetivação da experiência, de casos de desaparecimento, dos regimes de verdade e das expertises dos mediadores. Para tanto, fazemos uso da observação participante em eventos sobre o tema, entrevistas semiestruturadas com familiares e mediadores e de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A militância de familiares de pessoas desaparecidas emergiu a partir da mobilização contra a violência no Rio de Janeiro, nos anos de 1990, mas foi transformada pela imagem do sofrimento materno no espaço público. A família é fundamental na construção de marcos sociais a partir dos quais o desaparecimento é vivido como uma experiência social que envolve o tempo, o sofrimento, as relações de gênero e de classe e a busca à verdade. Embora a militância e o trabalho das instituições do Estado sejam fundamentais para o estabelecimento das relações de governo do desaparecimento, outros atores humanos e não-humanos são potencialmente aptos a se engajar e definir novos sentidos, táticas ou problematizações. A expertise se constitui como uma tecnologia de governo para os mediadores e funcionários do Estado, produzindo o desaparecido por meios de associações com familiares, técnicas e saberes. / The disappearance of people is a complex and polysemic phenomenon that can be connected to different historical conditions, knowledge, technologies and expertise. Through a multisituated ethnography, we propose to understand the power relations invested in the forms of government (Foucault, 2008) of disappearance, through the emergence of family militancy, modes of subjectification of experience, cases of disappearance, truth regimes and of the mediators' expertises. To do so, we use participant observation on events on the topic, semi-structured interviews with family and mediators, and bibliographical and documentary research. The militancy of relatives of disappeared persons emerged from the mobilization against violence in Rio de Janeiro in the 1990s, but was transformed by the image of maternal suffering in the public space. The family is fundamental in building social milestones from which disappearance is experienced as a social experience that involves time, suffering, gender and class relations and the search for truth. Although militancy and the work of state institutions are fundamental to the establishment of governance relations of disappearance, other human and nonhuman actors are potentially apt to engage and define new meanings, tactics or problematizations. The expertise constitutes as a technology of government for the mediators and officials of the State, producing the disappeared by means of associations with relatives, techniques and knowledge.

The decomposition of chloroform at 510˚C was investigated in a continuous flow system, using nitrogen as the carrier gas. The main products of the reaction were hydrogen chloride, tetrachloroethylene, pentachloroethane and hexachloroethane; hydrogen and chlorine could not be detected. Neither the addition of a radical initiator (azobisisobutyroni trile) nor an inhibitor (phenol) affected the breakdown, and so we have rejected the idea that the main reaction mechanism is of a radical nature. From the results obtained by varying the surface to volume ratio of the reactor, the reaction appeared to be catalysed by the surface of the reactor, but pretreating the tube by steaming, soaking in water or EDTA solution did not affect the pyrolysis. The reaction appeared to be virtually unaltered when a tube made from very pure silica was used. Kinetic investigations showed that the reaction was first order with respect to chloroform, and exhibited an induction period. Carrying out the reaction in a carbonised tube resulted in a faster reaction, and an increase in the induction period. To account for the results obtained, a mechanism is suggested which involves the formation of a carbon polymer on the silica reactor. Chloroform could then be adsorbed onto the polymer where reaction could occur. In a carbonised tube a graphite-like carbon structure may begin to take over as the catalyst. The alkaline hydrolysis of chloroform was studied in aqueous 1,4-dioxane (32 % w/v), at 360C. The rate of disappearance of chloroform was followed by gas-liquid chromatography, whilst the sodium hydroxide concentration was determined by titration with dilute hydrochloric acid. The reaction was second order overall, first order with respect to each of the reactants. Data obtained at 25˚C, 31˚C, 36˚C and 41˚C was used to determine the activation parameters. Increasing the concentration of dioxane in the solvent decreased the reaction rate. The reaction showed a definite negative salt effect, sodium chloride exhibiting a greater effect than potassium nitrate. The reaction between deuterochloroform and sodium deuteroxide in deuterium oxide/dioxane was faster than the reaction in the corresponding proton system. Application of the Yagil approach suggested that the transition state is associated with seven water molecules. This led us to suggest an alternative mechanism for the reaction, involving nucleophilic attack by water on the trichloromethyl anion, formed by loss of a proton from chloroform. In order to apply the Yagil criterion the hydration number of diolane had to be determined; a value of 2.25 was obtained.

Cette thèse a pour objet un ensemble de réalisations artistiques qui jouent entre fiction et autofiction. Elle se construit à partir d’une enquête sur un « héros » entre remémoration et oubli. Elle développe une série d’expérimentations et de questions qui concernent les notions de héros individuel et de héros collectif, de mémoire, les limites entre l’autobiographie et l’autofiction. « L’Artiste », « l’Auteure », « le héros » forment trois entités singulières qui se croisent, s’imbriquent et ce faisant, interrogent leurs statuts respectifs. Ainsi, « l’Artiste », dans un jeu d’ubiquités et d’ambiguïtés, cède sa place, en tant que personnage, à « l’Auteure ». Le héros individuel ou « Z-héros » construit par « l’Auteure » cède sa place au héros collectif. La mémoire collective permet de construire cette identité partagée du héros collectif, mais sur quels faits, quels oublis ? « L’Artiste » ici fournit des documents, des images, mais vient brouiller les pistes. Il fait resurgir la mémoire individuelle au sein d’une histoire collective. Ces différentes questions, les oeuvres qui en ont fondé l’existence sont développées dans cette thèse en trois grands moments : l’apparition du héros, sa disparition puis réapparition et les artifices de l’auteur. / This thesis presents a collection of artistic works that exist between fiction and autofiction. It is based on a study of the "hero" between recollection and forgetting. It develops a series of experiments and questions concerning notions of the individual hero and the collective hero, of memory, and the borders between autobiography and autofiction. The artist, the author and the hero form three specific entities that intersect and overlap, and in doing so, question their respective statutes. Thus, the artist, in a game of ubiquities and ambiguities, yields his position as a figure to the author. The individual hero or Z-hero created by the author gives way to the collective hero. Collective memory can create this shared identity of the collective hero, but on what grounds, with wich omissions ? The Artist here provides the documents and the images, but confuses the issue. He brings back the individual memory within a collective history. These different questions and the works that have founded their existence are developed in this thesis in three major moments : the emergence of the hero, his disappearance followed by reappearance, and the artifices of the author.

Dans la continuité déloyale de la tradition épistémologique française, notre travail a pour objet le phénomène de la disparition d’une méthode, que nous appelons « analytique ». A travers les oeuvres de T. Hobbes, J.-J. Rousseau, H. Spencer et E. Durkheim, nous montrons la variation du statut épistémologique de l’analyse, et fondons le concept d’« événement épistémologique ». Notre point de vue est strictement épistémologique : au détriment des thèmes qui relient les auteurs les uns aux autres, nous nous penchons sur la méthode qui, au lieu de se dissiper suite au refus qu’elle essuie, change de lieu, s’égare. C’est l’identification de l’analyse dans la pensée qui ne s’en réclame pas comme d’un principe actif qui nous autorise à parler de sa disparition. Son statut s’en trouve « dégradé » : méthode dans les philosophies du contrat social, l’analyse persiste chez Spencer et Durkheim, de façon inavouée, en tant que matrice, que promesse, que stratégie démonstrative. / No summary available.

My paper will focus upon the theme of loss in postwar Central European literature in works of Nabokov, Bachmann, Bernhard, Handke, Esterhazy, and Chwin, which are narrated as a modern subject's testimony of loss. My goal is to make a collection of loss figures (inspired by Roland Barthes's Fragments of a Lover's Discourse) to examine the nature of testimony in relation to the acts of writing. Any analytical inquiry that focuses itself on the literary testimony as a work of art will have to deal with these textual mechanisms: transparency, suppression, deleting, distancing, turning over, heaviness and reduction.

Incremental gains in productivity from new forages are likely to be very small in developed countries like the USA where forage research is highly advanced, thus animals must be used in determining their value. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment I evaluated grazing preference of cattle and its relationship with morphological and chemical characteristics. Treatments were two diploid cultivars ‘Marshall’ and ‘Gulf’ and two tetraploid cultivars ‘Maximus’ and ‘Nelson’ arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. Animal preference was based on herbage disappearance, the Chesson-Manly index, and animal grazing time. Both herbage disappearance (1400 vs. 890 kg ha-1) and Chesson-Manly index (8.1 vs. 5.8%) were greater for tetraploid than diploid cultivars. Experiment II quantified forage and animal response of a tetraploid (Maximus) vs. a diploid (Marshall) annual ryegrass. Three stocking rates (SR), 3.75, 5, or 7.5 animals ha-1, were imposed on the two cultivars in a 3 × 2 factorial of a CRD experiment with two replications. Angus cross-bred heifers (initial BW = 240 kg) were used. There was no cultivar effect or any interactions on ADG or herbage mass (HM). Both ADG (1.22 kg d-1 at low SR to 0.98 kg d-1 at high SR) and HM (3.8 Mg ha-1 at low SR to 2.5 Mg ha-1 at high SR) had a linear response to SR. Experiment III quantified forage production, morphological characteristics, and nutritive value between a tetraploid (Maximus) vs. a diploid (Marshall) annual ryegrass cultivar harvested at three different leaf stages 2-, 3-, and 4-leaves tiller-1 and two stubble heights 5 and 10 cm. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial of a RCBD experiment with four replications. In 2011, there was a linear increase in forage harvested from 2-leaf (7.3 Mg DM ha-1) to 4-leaf stage (8.8 Mg DM ha-1) and in 2012 the response was quadratic with the highest forage harvested at 2- and 4-leaf stages (7.6 Mg DM ha-1). These results indicate that cultivars of annual ryegrass varied in their responses to grazing preference, grazing management, and defoliation management based on leaf stage.

Rapid warming in the Arctic is highly impacting the cryosphere in the region, causing melting of the sea ice, retreat of glaciers and reduction in the snow cover. If suffering further temperature increase, the albedo of the region would reduce due to higher absorption of the solar radiation in snow-free areas. The variations in seasonal snow cover in Arctic regions can impact a lot of things including the ecosystem, biodiversity, hydrological cycle, and many other physical processes. Therefore, it is beneficial to have the knowledge of processes determining the snow distribution and to understand the trends and patterns of the seasonal snowcover.In this project, seasonal snow cover trends and patterns have been studied for a 30-year period from 1991 to 2020 using a newly developed reanalysis dataset called Copernicus Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA). A validation of the CARRA data set has been done for the snow depth using point observation data from the Norwegian weather stations and a visual snow cover comparison using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data. Thereafter, interannual variability in day of snow disappearance, day of snow onset, duration of snow-free period, and maximum snow depth have been analysed and these trends are then discussed in detail.The results show that for the most non-glaciated regions in Svalbard, the snow onset is happening later in the winter season while the day of snow disappearance is arriving earlier in the spring. Consequently, the duration of snow-free period has increased in almost all regions of Svalbard except a few sites where the duration of the snow free-period has decreased most likely due to local climatic factors. These factors can be better understood by incorporating meteorological elements like precipitation, air temperature and wind speed. Overall, the CARRA reanalysis dataset is very good in determining snow cover trends in non- glaciated regions of Svalbard and with some updates and modifications, it might be able to determine snowcover for the glaciated regions in future.

This essay explores the mysterious disappearance of Olle Högbom from an anthropological perspective. It uses theories of hauntology, ruinology, and simulacra to examine how Olle's absence continues to affect society. The study involves a thematic analysis of online forums and qualitative interviews with Olle’s sister, contrasting public speculation with family narratives, and highlights the enduring presence of Olle in collective memory, illustrating how unresolved disappearances influence society, memory, and everyday life. This anthropological investigation into missing persons provides insights into how spectral presences shape cultural and social dynamics. Employing a blend of ethnographic interviews, content analysis, pictures, and autoethnography, this study paints an intimate portrait of relationships with the absent and examines the liminality of Olle’s existence. Autoethnography in combination with multimodality carries the potential to unearth the unknown and paint an intimate understanding of absence. Olle’s absence is depicted in the first chapter and partially in the third chapter, by presenting an autoethnographic account of the experience of forming relationships with the absent.

No description available.

No description available.