Entre los años 1980 al 2000, Perú vivió lo que se denominó el conflicto armado interno (CAI) que, según la Dirección General de Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas (DGBPD, 2021) del Ministerio de Justicia dejó 21918 víctimas de desaparición forzada, cuyas familias experimentaron las secuelas del CAI en diferentes ámbitos de su vida, y sobre quienes existe escaso material bibliográfico. Ante este panorama, el objetivo del presente estudio es describir el sentido de vida en los familiares de víctimas de desaparición forzada durante el CAI 1980 - 2000 en Perú. Se hizo uso de un enfoque cualitativo para el estudio, con diseño fenomenológico, donde se entrevistó a seis personas, cuatro mujeres y dos varones, entre 35 y 79 años, que mantenían diferentes tipos de vínculos con el familiar desaparecido (padre, madre, esposos e hijo). Así mismo, se realizó un análisis de contenido que partió de dos categorías: valores y autorrealización e incorporó luego la categoría recursos. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes en su mayoría encontraron un sentido de vida en tres caminos: 1) asumir o impulsar actividades que beneficien a sus familiares u otras víctimas del CAI. 2) En las experiencias o recuerdos de amor con ellos, o 3) Cuando asumen sus dificultades como oportunidades de aprendizajes tanto para sí mismos como para otros. De este modo, tras tener un por qué para vivir obtuvieron satisfacción, siendo sus recursos elementos transversales que lo hicieron posible. / During 80's until 2000, Peru experienced what was called the Internal Armed Conflict (CAI), wich, according to the Disappeared People General Directorate (DGBPD, 2021), until mid-2021, letf 21.918 forced disappearance victims, whose families lived CAI consecuneces in different aspects of life. Considering this background, the objective of this study is to describe the sense of life in forced disappearance victims relatives during CAI 1980 – 2000 in Peru. A qualitative method and a phenomenological design were used for this study; in which six people were interviewed: four woman and two men between 35 and 79 years old. Also, a content analysis was carried out. It started from two categories: values and self-transcendence. The third one, the resouce categorie was introduced later. The results showed that the majority of participants find a sense of life in three ways 1) by doing activities that benefit their relatives or other victims of CAI, 2) in the experiences or memories of love with them or 3) when difficulties are seen as learning opportunities for themselves and for others. In this way, they experienced satisfaction by having a reason to live, becoming their personal and enviromental resources transversal elements that made it possible. / Tesis

Ce travail se propose d’étudier l’histoire de l’ethnie des Indiens de Copiapo, groupe situé au Chili, dans la vallée de Copiapo, aux marges méridionales du désert d’Atacama. C’est ainsi que la période abordée (1544-1806) répond au développement-même de ce groupe durant la période coloniale, depuis sa création en tant que groupe d’encomienda jusqu’à sa disparition. En effet, ce groupe apparaît lorsque le gouverneur du Royaume du Chili don Pedro de Valdivia décide d’octroyer en encomienda l’ensemble des habitants de la vallée, qui constituaient jusqu’alors une ethnie, les transformant en tributaires et Indiens de service, et étant emmenés à vivre sous la tutelle politique et économique de leur encomendero, déracinés de la majorité de leur territoire ancestral. Ce système juridique et son application au Chili d’une manière générale, et à Copiapo d’une façon plus spécifique, provoqua toute une série de ruptures au niveau même des structures sociales de ce groupe : déclin démographique rapide, perte des terres communautaires, changement des formes politiques, perte de la langue et de la religion. A travers l’étude du développement de ces différents processus, nous montrons comment cette ethnie disparut, car perdant l’ensemble des caractéristiques de leur identité et des moyens qui leur auraient permis de se reformuler en tant que communauté. / The purpose of this work is to study the history of Copiapo Indians ethnic group, situated in Chile, specifically in the valley of Copiapo, in the southern borders of the Atacama Desert. Thus the treaty period (1544-1806) follows the development of this group during the Colony, from its birth as an encomienda to its disappearance. Indeed, this group appears on the time that the governor of the Kingdom of Chile, Don Pedro de Valdivia decided to entrust all the inhabitants of the valley on a single encomienda, which were previously an ethnic group, transforming them into fiscal persons and servant Indians, and taken to live under the political and economic tutelage of their encomenderos, uprooted from the majority of their ancestral territory. This legal system and its application in Chile in general, and specifically in Copiapo, triggered a series of ruptures at the level of the social structures of this group: rapid population decline, loss of community lands, changing political forms, loss of language and religion. Through the study of the development of these various processes, we show how this ethnic group disappeared, having lost the feature set of its identity and the means that would have allowed them to rebuild as a community.Keywords : / El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la historia de la etnia de los Indios de Copiapó, grupo situado en Chile, específicamente en el valle de Copiapó, en los márgenes meridionales del desierto de Atacama. Es así que el periodo tratado (1544-1806) responde al desarrollo mismo de este grupo durante la Colonia, desde su nacimiento como grupo encomendado hasta su desaparición. En efecto, esta grupo aparece en el momento en el que el gobernador del Reino de Chile don Pedro de Valdivia decide encomendar a todos los habitantes del valle, que hasta entonces conformaban una etnia, transformándolos en tributarios e indios de servicio, y llevados a vivir bajo la tutela política y económica de su encomendero, desarraigados de gran parte de su territorio ancestral. Este sistema jurídico y su aplicación en Chile de forma general, y en Copiapó específicamente, provocó una serie de rupturas a nivel de las estructuras sociales de este grupo: veloz descenso demográfico, pérdida de las tierras comunitarias, cambio de las formas políticas, pérdida de la lengua y de la religión. A través del estudio del desarrollo de estos diferentes procesos, mostramos cómo esta etnia desapareció, al haber perdido el conjunto de características de su identidad y de los medios que les habrían permitido reconstruirse como comunidad.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo adensar o efeito performativo da leitura que se pode fazer aqui e agora de diferenciados rasgos das obras do poeta francês Stéphane Mallarmé e da escritora brasileira Clarice Lispector. Sem a intenção de fazer um estudo exegético da totalidade dos escritos desses autores, procederemos por eleger pedaços de suas produções ficcionais que nos afetaram corporalmente e que compõem a trilha do desejo de escrita que se erige a partir deles. Na releitura que fazemos desses dois artistas, evidenciada pela intersecção de ambos aqui promovida, alguns veios temáticos neles recorrentes se fazem notar tais como: a configuração de objetos estéticos que se colocam em relação de similitude com seus padrões referencias; a assunção da palavra que nada designa; certa santidade laica; a orquestração do rumor; o mergulho na premência do instante-já; a impotência diante da linguagem; e o desaparecimento do eu. Das paisagens discursivas que aí vislumbramos, imputamo-nos a tarefa não de responder à pergunta o que, no fundo, tais textos significam?, mas sim o que eles nos fazem desejar escrever? / This work aims to deepen the performative effect of reading that can be done here and now various tears of works of the French poet Stéphane Mallarmé and the Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector. Without intending to do an exegetical study of all the writings of these authors, we opted to elect pieces of his fictional productions that affect our bodies in and composing the score for the desire of writing that is established from them. In rereading what we do these two artists, as evidenced by the intersection of both promoted here, some recurring themes shafts in them are remarkable such as the configuration of aesthetic objects that arise relationship of similarity with their reference standards; the assumption of the word that does not means nothing; certain secular holiness; the orchestration of the rumor; the dip in the urgency of the now-instant; impotence towards the language; and the disappearance of the self. Discursive landscapes glimpsed there, we gave ourselves the task does not answer the question \"what, in the background, such texts mean?\", but rather \"what they make us want to write?

Les crimes internationaux constituent des infractions dont les conséquences dramatiques affectent la communauté internationale dans son ensemble. Cette dernière s'est engagée dans la poursuite d'auteurs présumés de ces crimes à travers les différents mécanismes juridiques mis en place par la justice pénale internationale. Il incombe essentiellement aux États d'assurer l'effectivité de cette justice. Ainsi, quand des auteurs présumés de crimes internationaux se trouvent sur le territoire ou dans la juridiction d'un État, ce dernier est tenu de les poursuivre ou de les extrader vers d'autres États ou juridictions pénales internationales lorsque cela est nécessaire. Depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, certains États mettent en application ces obligations en engageant des poursuites à l'encontre de criminels internationaux. La répression nationale des crimes internationaux se heurte à de nombreuses difficultés afférentes, le plus souvent, au manque de moyens ou de volonté, à l'inadéquation de certains systèmes juridiques nationaux, à la realpolitik (de l'allemand politique réaliste), à la nécessité de préserver les relations interétatiques, etc. Par ailleurs, il n'existe pas encore d'instance supranationale capable de contraindre les États à respecter leurs obligations internationales de répression des crimes internationaux. Par conséquent, l'idée de l'implication des cours régionales des droits de l'Homme dans la répression nationale des crimes internationaux s'impose davantage eu égard aux exigences internationales de répression des crimes internationaux qu'elles rappellent constamment aux États / International crimes constitute offences whose dramatic consequences affect the international community as a whole. This international community has committed itself to prosecute alleged perpetrators of these crimes through various legal mechanisms created by international criminal justice. The States are primarily responsible for ensuring the effective implementation of international criminal law. Consequently, when alleged perpetrators of international crimes are on the territory or under the jurisdiction of a given State, national authorities must prosecute them in their own national courts or extradite them to others States or international criminal courts when necessary. Since the Second World War, some States implement these international obligations by prosecuting international criminals. The national prosecution of international crimes faces many barriers related most of the time to a lack of financial resources or political will. This can also result from the inadequacy of some national legal systems, realpolitik, the need to safeguard inter-state relations... In addition to this, a supranational body compelling States to respect their international obligations to prosecute international crimes has not yet been created. Therefore, the legal involvement of regional human rights courts in the implementation of national prosecution of international crimes is necessary. This is the consequence of international requirements related to the pursuit of international criminals reminding the States of their legal duties

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Trata-se de uma abordagem etnográfica, misturando reflexões sobre etnografia e transformismo, para pulverizar e re-significar as apresentações cênicas ditas marginais no âmbito das revisões de perspectivas e de assuntos nas artes cênicas no Brasil. Sendo uma autoetnografia transformista, onde a escritura encontra a performance, este estudo comporta trejeitos da escrita performativa, para tentar atender o “ser” da performance, assim como a sua ontologia, ou seja, a representação sem reprodução. Considera ainda as encenações do desaparecer e, ao escrever sobre o indocumentável evento da performance, tem consciência de que altera o próprio evento. Assim, também compreende: os Rastros do Desaparecimento, a Presença do Corpo em Performance, o Cross-dressing ou Transvestismo ou Transformismo, a Política/Poética Camp, Alteridade, ou as representações transnacionais do feminino coreográfico, uma grafia acerca dos Global Queerscapes, a drag queen na atualidade soteropolitana, em uma Epistemologia Drag, assim como, Nacionalidade, Transformismo e Homocultura nos cortejos e movimentos políticos públicos, em Salvador, e sua aproximação com a figura icônica da Carmem Miranda, que tem sido apropriada por homossexuais transvestidos, em todas as latitudes, como o epítome camp do excesso e da frescura internacionais. / What a Drag!: Ethnography, Performance and Female Impersonation by Fernando Antonio de Paula Passos examines the performative presence of cross-dressed men in Salvador’s public scenes: cross-dressing as the opportunity for the deconstruction of gender polarities. It consists of an approach that blends self-reflexive ethnography with issues of female impersonation and cross-dressing in order to study the multiplicity of their performances, their re-signification, their relatively recent arrival in the context of revisionist perspectives and subject matters in the academic field of the performing arts in Brazil. Incorporating concepts of auto-ethnography and theoretical transvestism, it brings together writing and performance in what is now known as performative writing, as it struggles to uncover what the “being” of performance is all about. In dealing with the ontology of performance as representation without reproduction, it is particularly focused on issues of disappearance. It is also aware that writing about the undocumentable event of the performance alters that same event. It also deals with: traces of disappearance, the presence of the body in performance, cross-dressing, camp, alterity, feminine choreography, Global Queerscapes, drag epistemology, nation, surrealism, pastoral, allegory, political resistance and Carmen Miranda, as the epitome of inter/national camp.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo adensar o efeito performativo da leitura que se pode fazer aqui e agora de diferenciados rasgos das obras do poeta francês Stéphane Mallarmé e da escritora brasileira Clarice Lispector. Sem a intenção de fazer um estudo exegético da totalidade dos escritos desses autores, procederemos por eleger pedaços de suas produções ficcionais que nos afetaram corporalmente e que compõem a trilha do desejo de escrita que se erige a partir deles. Na releitura que fazemos desses dois artistas, evidenciada pela intersecção de ambos aqui promovida, alguns veios temáticos neles recorrentes se fazem notar tais como: a configuração de objetos estéticos que se colocam em relação de similitude com seus padrões referencias; a assunção da palavra que nada designa; certa santidade laica; a orquestração do rumor; o mergulho na premência do instante-já; a impotência diante da linguagem; e o desaparecimento do eu. Das paisagens discursivas que aí vislumbramos, imputamo-nos a tarefa não de responder à pergunta o que, no fundo, tais textos significam?, mas sim o que eles nos fazem desejar escrever? / This work aims to deepen the performative effect of reading that can be done here and now various tears of works of the French poet Stéphane Mallarmé and the Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector. Without intending to do an exegetical study of all the writings of these authors, we opted to elect pieces of his fictional productions that affect our bodies in and composing the score for the desire of writing that is established from them. In rereading what we do these two artists, as evidenced by the intersection of both promoted here, some recurring themes shafts in them are remarkable such as the configuration of aesthetic objects that arise relationship of similarity with their reference standards; the assumption of the word that does not means nothing; certain secular holiness; the orchestration of the rumor; the dip in the urgency of the now-instant; impotence towards the language; and the disappearance of the self. Discursive landscapes glimpsed there, we gave ourselves the task does not answer the question \"what, in the background, such texts mean?\", but rather \"what they make us want to write?

Based on the Migration Board's statistics report, the number of children that has gone missing within a time interval of 4 years (2010-2014) comprises 1331 children in total, of whom 146 are girls and 1185 are boys. A rising interest about what has happened to those children created a fundamental platform for this thesis. By reading Åkerman’s report from 2012, and the book De förlorade barnen: en rapport by Mikkelsen and Wagner (2013) the curiosity grew deeper. The research questions that were established were divided into three parts. Their aim is to examine which organization or public authority has the main responsibility for asylum seeking children that arrives to Sweden by themselves, if the quality of the reception has changed since the municipalities took over the responsibility, and what is/has been publicly done to strengthen the protection concerning the individual child. The aim of this study is to authentically answer the research questions, using a qualitative text analysis and an implement model. The qualitative textual analysis is primarily based on reports from Gunnarsson (2008), the Cabinet Office (2011), and a report from the National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare published in 2012. Further reports and books are used in order to authenticate the legitimacy of the arguments and facts that is accounted for in this thesis. The implementation model that is used is an implement problem shaped by Pressman and Willdawsky. The model is used in order to force the problems that solemnly appear in this thesis. The conclusion establishes that within the distinctive reports it exists different views, but also similarities. The various texts establish that despite a set of rules and regulations there has been a considerable ambiguity among the involved parties, in who holds the greatest responsibility for the asylum-seeking children. Åkerman claims that when the children arrive in Sweden they stand without any form of social safety net, whereas Gunnarsson (2008), the Cabinet Office report (2011) and the National Swedish Board report (2012) refer to the laws (LMA, SoL).

The aim of this thesis is to narrate and analyze lynching and atypical violence in Denton County, Texas, between 1920 and 1926. Through this intensive study of a rural county in north Texas, the role of law enforcement in typical and systemic violence is observed and the relationship between Denton County Officials and the Ku Klux Klan is analyzed. Chapter 1 discusses the root of the word lynching and submits a call for academic attention to violence that is unable to be categorized as lynching due to its restrictive definition. Chapter 2 chronicles known instances of lynching in Denton County from its founding through the 1920s including two lynchings perpetrated by Klavern 136, the Denton County Klan. Chapter 3 examines the relationship between Denton County Law Enforcement and the Klan. In Chapter 4, seasons of violence are identified and applied to available historical records. Chapter 5 concludes that non-lynching violence, termed "disappearances," occurred and argues on behalf of its inclusion within the historiography of Jim Crow Era criminal actions against Black Americans. In the Prologue and Epilogue, the development and dissolution of the St. John's Community in Pilot Point, Texas, is narrated.

The Method and its Disappearance: Analysis between philosophies of social contract and classical sociologies. A Study in Epistemology Jan Maršálek Université de Franche-Comté/Charles University in Prague Supervisors: prof. Frédéric Brahami, prof. Miloslav Petrusek (†), dr. Jan Balon. Résumé: In a doubly disloyal continuity with regard to the French epistemological tradition, largely preoccupied with the formation of scientific concepts, the present work addresses the phenomenon of disappearance of 'analytical' method. Nevertheless, the present work does not constitute an historical investigation: its very goal is to show (within the works of T. Hobbes, J.-J. Rousseau, H. Spencer and E. Durkheim) the variation of the epistemological status of the analysis, and thus to set up the concept of an 'epistemological event'. Examining the disappearance of the analysis requires its identification in the theoretical work whereby its leverage remains unacknowledged. Thus, having the status of a method in the philosophies of the social contract of Hobbes and Rousseau, the analysis 'continues' to structure, in a tacit way, the work of Spencer and Durkheim, both of them founders of scientific sociology. Is it possible to claim that, in the 19th century, the analysis manifests itself in the sociology's common recourse to...