Research in the field of gaming and the gaming culture shows that the culture is characterized by sexism and hypermasculinity, however a majority of this research is conducted in an Anglo-Saxon context. Therefore the aim of this study was to elucidate the Swedish gaming discourse in relation to gender, gendered norms and stereotypes. We also sought to examine the relationship between the editorial content and the blog comments. The study was based on a critical discourse analysis with a gender perspective, applied to five Swedish gaming blogs. By implementing power theory and encoding/decoding theory, we have concluded that there is a discursive struggle, where one part of the gaming culture is characterized by male dominance, while the other part of the discourse is showing signs of resistance to this hypermasculinity. We found that there is a gap between how gender is portrayed among the blog comments in relationship to the editorial content.

Este trabalho, apoiado na estrategia metodologica da Analise Institucional do Discurso elaborado por Marlene Guirado, investiga o discurso dos acompanhantes terapeuticos (doravante ats) sobre sua pratica profissional, bem como alguns estudos escritos sobre esta mesma pratica. Nossa tese visa ampliar a discussao sobre espaco social ocupado pelo Acompanhamento Terapeutico como agente de saude. A analise das entrevistas revela a indeterminacao e amplitude do Acompanhamento Terapeutico e de seus atores e permite a abertura de variadas discussoes relevantes: a flexibilizacao dessa pratica, a identidade profissional do acompanhante, a profissionalizacao e a formacao em AT. De inicio fizemos um historico do Acompanhamento Terapeutico e analisamos parte da bibliografia existente sobre o tema. Em seguida, foram entrevistadas nove acompanhantes terapeuticas cujas formacoes de origem sao variadas e que estao ainda atuantes no campo do AT. Finalmente realizamos as analises das entrevistas e pudemos constatar os lugares assumidos pelas ats na cena institucional da pratica do Acompanhamento Terapeutico. Nossa tese pode, assim, sustentar que ha duas linhas mestras desenhando o AT e percorrendo o discurso dos ats: uma dessas linhas desenha a vocacao interdisciplinar do AT e a outra, a contradicao interna ao proprio discurso do AT, no qual a ausencia de fronteiras teoricas e delimitacao de tecnicas surge tanto como a possibilidade de ter forca instituinte, criativa, quanto determinante da limitacao do espaco de trabalho dos ats. Nossa pesquisa situa o AT no momento atual, buscando a compreensao deste momento pelas falas das ats e por isso na conclusao fazemos uma comparacao entre a situacao do Acompanhamento Terapeutico ontem (1995) e hoje (2008-2010) / Under the guidelines of Marlene Guirados methodology on the Institutional Analysis of Discourse, this work is a research about the Therapeutic Accompaniment (TA) practice as it is presented by the discourses of the therapeutic accompaniers (tas) and in some studies related to this practice. Our thesis intend to enlarge the discussion about the social space of the Therapeutic Accompaniment as an agent of Public Health. The analysis of those discourses shows the indetermination and large range of the Therapeutic Accompaniment and its actors and opens many relevant discussions such as the flexibilization of this practice, the professional identity of the accompaniers, the education and professionalization of the Therapeutic Accompaniment. We start with a historical presentation of the Therapeutic Accompaniment (TA) and an analysis of the bibliography concerning this subject matter. Next we have interviewed nine therapeutic accompaniers (tas) whose education and origins are different from one another. Finally we have analyzed these interviews in order to present and understand the institutional locus occupied by the therapeutic accompaniers. It is our thesis that there are two main lines drawing the AT and the ats discourses: the first one presents de interdisciplinary vocation of the AT while the other shows the internal contradiction between this interdisciplinary situation and the actual limitation of the works field of the therapeutic accompaniers. In the conclusion we made a comparison between the TAs situation in the past (1995) and nowadays (2008-2010)

Die vorliegende Arbeit gehört zu den Kulturstudien Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF), die auf eine kulturwissenschaftlich ausgerichtete Neukonzeption der traditionellen Landeskunde abzielen. Ihr vornehmlicher wissenschaftlicher Gegenstand sind die kulturellen Deutungsmuster, die als ein Fundus präsupponierter Wissensfragmente den Sinnzuschreibungsprozessen einer Kommunikationsgemeinschaft zugrunde liegen. Diese Arbeit stellt eine kulturwissenschaftliche Deutungsmusteranalyse vor, die auf eine methodisch kontrollierte Annäherung und exakte Beschreibung dieser textuell verankerten Muster fokussiert. Dazu wird eine begriffliche Ausdifferenzierung der theoretischen Fundierung des Deutungsmusterkonzeptes von C. Altmayer (2004) vorgenommen. Die Deutungsmusteranalyse wird anhand des exemplarischen Fallbeispiels \"Europa\" durchgeführt, das im deutschsprachigen Mediendiskurs zum EU-Beitritt der Türkei untersucht wurde. Das verwendete Materialkorpus besteht aus Texten (d.h. Artikel, Karikaturen, Bilder) zum EU-Beitritt der Türkei von 2002-2004 in den deutschen Printmedien ZEIT, STERN, FAZ, SPIEGEL und der BILD-Zeitung sowie dem ZEIT-Online-Leserforum „EU-Beitritt der Türkei“.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa analisa a peÃa Gota dâÃgua, de Chico Buarque e Paulo Pontes, enquanto resultado de um processo de retextualizaÃÃo da tragÃdia clÃssica MedÃia. Levando em conta elementos teÃrico-metodolÃgicos da AnÃlise do Discurso, buscamos sempre a articulaÃÃo texto/contexto, necessÃria para o entendimento da obra como a um sà tempo produto, reflexo e elemento ativo das circunstÃncias sÃcio-histÃricas. Consideramos, dentro do percurso que vai da MedÃia de EurÃpides à Gota dâÃgua, de Chico Buarque e Paulo Pontes, o roteiro MedÃia, de Oduvaldo Vianna Filho. Tal articulaÃÃo à indispensÃvel, pois muitos dos processos de retextualizaÃÃo que Gota dâÃgua apresenta jà podem ser observados nesse roteiro, escrito para um âCaso Especialâ da Rede Globo. Perceber tais relaÃÃes de influÃncia fez parte de nossa investigaÃÃo, que tambÃm abordou o enquadramento destas obras no contexto do Teatro Nacional-Popular da dÃcada de 1970. Trabalhar com uma peÃa de teor musical, como à o caso de Gota dÂÃgua, ainda permitiu reflexÃes sobre a realidade dramatÃrgica brasileira e o gÃnero canÃÃo popular. / This essay analyses the play Gota dâÃgua by Chico Buarque and Paulo Pontes, as a result of rewriting the classical tragedy Medea. Taking into consideration theoric and methodological from the Discours Analysis, the essay searches for the articulation text / context, essential for the understanding of the literary work interacting at the same time as a product, reflex and active element of historical circumstances. It will be taken into consideration, in the extention from Medea by Euripides to Gota dâÃgua, by Chico Buarque and Paulo Pontes, the script Medea by Oduvaldo Vianna Filho. The previously mentioned articulation is essential due to the fact that many of the rewriting processes that Gota dâÃgua presents can be noticed in a script written for an episode of a television program in Globo TV. Observing these influence relations will be part of this research, that will also observe the content these works in the context of the National-Popular Theatre in the 1970âs. Working with a literary and musical play, which is the case of Gota dâÃgua, will still allow reflections about the Brazilian theatrical reality and popular music.

Este trabalho, apoiado na estrategia metodologica da Analise Institucional do Discurso elaborado por Marlene Guirado, investiga o discurso dos acompanhantes terapeuticos (doravante ats) sobre sua pratica profissional, bem como alguns estudos escritos sobre esta mesma pratica. Nossa tese visa ampliar a discussao sobre espaco social ocupado pelo Acompanhamento Terapeutico como agente de saude. A analise das entrevistas revela a indeterminacao e amplitude do Acompanhamento Terapeutico e de seus atores e permite a abertura de variadas discussoes relevantes: a flexibilizacao dessa pratica, a identidade profissional do acompanhante, a profissionalizacao e a formacao em AT. De inicio fizemos um historico do Acompanhamento Terapeutico e analisamos parte da bibliografia existente sobre o tema. Em seguida, foram entrevistadas nove acompanhantes terapeuticas cujas formacoes de origem sao variadas e que estao ainda atuantes no campo do AT. Finalmente realizamos as analises das entrevistas e pudemos constatar os lugares assumidos pelas ats na cena institucional da pratica do Acompanhamento Terapeutico. Nossa tese pode, assim, sustentar que ha duas linhas mestras desenhando o AT e percorrendo o discurso dos ats: uma dessas linhas desenha a vocacao interdisciplinar do AT e a outra, a contradicao interna ao proprio discurso do AT, no qual a ausencia de fronteiras teoricas e delimitacao de tecnicas surge tanto como a possibilidade de ter forca instituinte, criativa, quanto determinante da limitacao do espaco de trabalho dos ats. Nossa pesquisa situa o AT no momento atual, buscando a compreensao deste momento pelas falas das ats e por isso na conclusao fazemos uma comparacao entre a situacao do Acompanhamento Terapeutico ontem (1995) e hoje (2008-2010) / Under the guidelines of Marlene Guirados methodology on the Institutional Analysis of Discourse, this work is a research about the Therapeutic Accompaniment (TA) practice as it is presented by the discourses of the therapeutic accompaniers (tas) and in some studies related to this practice. Our thesis intend to enlarge the discussion about the social space of the Therapeutic Accompaniment as an agent of Public Health. The analysis of those discourses shows the indetermination and large range of the Therapeutic Accompaniment and its actors and opens many relevant discussions such as the flexibilization of this practice, the professional identity of the accompaniers, the education and professionalization of the Therapeutic Accompaniment. We start with a historical presentation of the Therapeutic Accompaniment (TA) and an analysis of the bibliography concerning this subject matter. Next we have interviewed nine therapeutic accompaniers (tas) whose education and origins are different from one another. Finally we have analyzed these interviews in order to present and understand the institutional locus occupied by the therapeutic accompaniers. It is our thesis that there are two main lines drawing the AT and the ats discourses: the first one presents de interdisciplinary vocation of the AT while the other shows the internal contradiction between this interdisciplinary situation and the actual limitation of the works field of the therapeutic accompaniers. In the conclusion we made a comparison between the TAs situation in the past (1995) and nowadays (2008-2010)

In this paper we study two speeches held by the chairman of the MEDEF, Pierre Gattaz, at the opening ceremony of the Summer universities in 2016 and 2017. The event is organised by the MEDEF, the leading network of entrepreneurs in France, every summer at the end of August. It is an important event gathering key people and decision-makers from the political and economical arena from France and abroad, and thus an ideal occasion for the network to put forward its claims on necessary changements and reforms to get in place in order to improve the entrepreneurial climat in France. We conduct a discursive analysis of the two speeches to see how the economical discourse in France is pronounced by the MEDEF and what specifically characterises it. We also look at the social and  political context to see how it impacts the speeches. Another important aspect is to study the image of the speaker and how it is constructed in the two speeches by analysing the expressions, vocabulary, disposition and demeanor. We also compare the common denominators and differentiators of both speeches.

Syftet med studien är att analysera hur sexköpare framställs diskursivt i svensk dags- och kvällspress. 25 artiklar har analyserats från Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet och Expressen under tidsperioden maj och juni 2020. Studien utgår från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och behandlar de feministiska ideologierna, radikalfeminism och liberalfeminism. Genom en foucauldiansk diskursanalys där det underförstådda, subjektspositioner, utestängningsprocedurer och makt studeras, har studiens frågeställningar besvarats. Fem diskurser om sexköpare identifierades. Dessa är, “Den våldsamma mannen”, “Den otillfredsställda mannen”, “Den kända, framgångsrika och mäktiga mannen”, “Mannen alla tar avstånd från” och “Den ångerfyllda mannen med rädsla för skam”. Resultatet ligger genomgående i linje med den radikalfeministiska ideologin och den svenska sexköpslagen. Studien har relevans för yrkesverksamma inom socialt arbete eftersom det är av vikt att vara medveten om språkets makt och påverkan på individen och samhället. / The aim of this study is to analyze how sex buyers are portrayed discursive in Swedish daily and evening press. 25 articles have been analyzed from Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet and Expressen during the timeframe May until June 2020. The study is based on a social constructivist perspective and treats feminist ideologies, radical feminism and liberal feminism. Through a Foucauldian discourse where the implicit, subject positioning, rules of exclusion and power have been analyzed, the studies questions have been answered. Five prominent discourses about sex buyers were found. These are “The violent man”, “The unsatisfied man”, “The famous, successful and powerful man”, “The man everyone distances themselves from” and “The remorseful man with a fear of shame”. The result is consistent with radical feminism and the Swedish sex law. The study has a relevance for professionals in social work because of the importance of being aware of the power of the language and its impact on the individual and society.

In this paper we study two speeches held by the chairman of the MEDEF, Pierre Gattaz, at the opening ceremony of the Summer universities in 2016 and 2017. The event is organised by the MEDEF, the leading network of entrepreneurs in France, every summer at the end of August. It is an important event gathering key people and decision-makers from the political and economical arena from France and abroad, and thus an ideal occasion for the network to put forward its claims on necessary changements and reforms to get in place in order to improve the entrepreneurial climat in France. We conduct a discursive analysis of the two speeches to see how the economical discourse in France is pronounced by the MEDEF and what specifically characterises it. We also look at the social and  political context to see how it impacts the speeches. Another important aspect is to study the image of the speaker and how it is constructed in the two speeches by analysing the expressions, vocabulary, disposition and demeanor. We also compare the common denominators and differentiators of both speeches.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att synliggöra och granska de tre religionerna judendom, kristendom och islam i fyra stycken läroböcker riktade mot årskurs 1-3 med ett normkritiskt perspektiv. Eftersom religionskunskap inte är ett enskilt ämne i de lägre årskurserna, utan är en del av de samhällsorienterade ämnena är det fyra stycken SO-läroböcker som utgör studiens material. I studien används två metoder för att få fram data för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. Metoderna som används är innehållsanalys och diskursanalys, för att undersökningen skall beröra fler dimensioner av läroböckernas innehåll. I innehållsanalysen används en frekvenstabell för att granska samt få fram kvantitativ data. De fyra läroböckernas innehåll granskades utifrån fyra kategorier som konstruerats innan. Det gjordes även noteringar över vilka namn som nämns, samt hur ofta deras frekvens. Efter genomförd innehållsanalys genomfördes diskursanalysen, med utgångspunkt i de fyra kategorierna samt namnen som nämndes. Studiens resultat visar att kristendomen tenderar att placeras i framgrunden, och att framför allt judendomen ofta hamnar i dess skugga. Islam tenderar att ges mer utrymme än de andra i vissa sammanhang, men beskrivningarna av religionen består ofta av upprepningar och detaljbeskrivningar. Det förekommer även en tendens bland läroböckerna där de judiska och muslimska fenomenens beskrivningar skiljer sig ganska mycket åt från beskrivningarna av de kristna fenomenen. I somliga textavsnitt kan det tolkas som att det kristna utgör normen och det normala, medan de judiska och muslimska motsvarigheterna är annorlunda och obekant för läsaren. Samtidigt kan det även uppfattas som att författarna försöker skapa goda förutsättningarna för att eleverna ska erhålla kunskaper om samtliga religioner, på ett så likvärdigt sätt som möjligt. Det kan man exempelvis anta eftersom de försöker presentera religionerna med liknande rubriker. Det förekommer dock ordval och medvetna val inom samtliga läroböcker som riskerar att spä på normer som inte gynnar ett mångkulturellt och mångreligiöst samhälle.Slutsatsen visar att brister finns inbäddade i samtliga läroböcker, men att bristerna är olika och därmed bör kompletteras på olika sätt. Beskrivningarna av de tre religionerna är inte helt likvärdiga i alla avseenden, men samtidigt betonas kristendomen i en större utsträckning än islam och judendom i kursplanen för religionskunskap. Det är endast berättelser ut Bibeln som står med i det centrala innehållet. Det betyder dock inte att vissa religioner ska stereotypiseras mer än andra, eller generaliseras ned till statiska fenomen. Det är i slutändan väldigt viktigt att tolkningsvariationen som existerar inom samtliga religioner skildras och visas i undervisningen, såväl inom kristendom som inom islam och judendom. Det är dock ingenting som nämns i alla läroböcker, utan ansvaret att ta upp det faller på den enskilde undervisande läraren / The aim of the study was to review how the three religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam are described and portrayed in four textbooks aimed at grades 1-3. Since religious knowledge is not a separate subject in the lower grades, but is part of the socially oriented subjects, there are four SO textbooks that make up the study's material. In the study, two methods are used to obtain data in order to be able to answer the research questions. The methods used are content analysis and discourse analysis, so that the study will cover more dimensions of the textbooks' content. In the content analysis, a frequency table is used to review and obtain quantitative data. The content of the four textbooks was reviewed based on four categories constructed beforehand. Notes were also made on which names are mentioned, as well as how often they occurred. After the content analysis, the discourse analysis was carried out, starting from the four categories and the names that were mentioned.The study's results show that Christianity tends to be placed in the foreground, and that Judaism often ends up in its shadow. Islam tends to be given more space than the others in certain contexts, but the descriptions of the religion often consist of repetitions and detailed descriptions. There is also a tendency among the textbooks where the descriptions of the Jewish and Muslim phenomena differ quite a lot from the descriptions of the Christian phenomena. In some sections of the text, it can be interpreted as the Christian being the norm and the normal, while the Jewish and Muslim counterparts are different and unfamiliar to the reader. At the same time, it can also be perceived as the authors trying to create good conditions for the students to acquire knowledge about all religions, in as equal a way as possible. This can be assumed, for example, because they try to present the religions with similar headings. There are, however, word choices and conscious choices within all textbooks that risk setting standards that do not favor a multicultural and multi-religious society.The conclusion shows that deficiencies are embedded in all textbooks, but that the deficiencies are different and thus should be supplemented in different ways. The descriptions of the three religions are not completely equivalent in all respects, but at the same time Christianity is emphasized to a greater extent than Islam and Judaism in the curriculum for religious studies. Only stories from the Bible are included in the central content. However, this does not mean that certain religions should be stereotyped more than others or generalized down to static phenomena. It is ultimately very important that the variation in interpretation that exists within all religions is depicted and shown in teaching, both within Christianity and within Islam and Judaism. However, it is not something that is mentioned in all textbooks, but the responsibility to address it falls on the individual teaching teacher.

Cette étude examine les représentations interculturelles chez les boursiers irakiens en mobilité académique en France afin d’analyser l’influence de ces représentations sur le processus de l’apprentissage du français. Nous avons d’abord étudié le contexte culturel et d’études en Irak pour mettre à jour les repères sur lesquels sont construites ces représentations. Nous avons ensuite présenté les différentes théories de la représentation, des sciences du langage et de l’interculturalité qui ont servi de jalons dans le cheminement de l’analyse. Ces apports ont permis d’analyser les données collectées auprès des étudiants irakiens en mobilité en France par deux enquêtes différentes, l’une quantitative, l’autre qualitative. L’analyse linguistique des discours a permis la mise à jour des différentes représentations et l’évaluation des niveaux de français. Les résultats obtenus en croisant les données ont dressé un état des lieux des différents facteurs influençant l’apprentissage du français. Ces éléments ont éclairé la nature de la motivation des étudiants boursiers irakiens. Nous avons comparé ces résultats à nos hypothèses afin de voir si celles-ci sont validées. Nous avons enfin proposé des recommandations en vue d’améliorer cet apprentissage du français par les étudiants boursiers irakiens. / This study examines the intercultural performances for Iraqi scholarship students in situation of mobility in France. To analyze the impact of these representations on the process of learning French language. We first studied the cultural context in Iraq to update landmarks on which are built these representations. We presented then the various theories of representation, sciences of language and intercultural which served as milestones or foundations in the process of analysis. These reports have analyzed data collected from Iraqi students in mobility in France by two surveys. One is quantitative and the other is qualitative.The linguistic analyses of discourse which we have made, update differentre presentations and evaluation of their French level. The results obtained by crossing data compiled an inventory of the various factors influencing learning French language. These have informed the nature of the motivation of Iraqi scholarship students. We compared these results with our assumptions to see if they are validated. We finally propose recommendations to improve learning of French language by Iraqi scholarship students