Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-191).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marla Cardoso Oliveira Cunha.pdf: 5884961 bytes, checksum: 94570c104aa52ddcf87a92a7246eb4a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / The object of this research is to investigate the cinema produced in Goiás specifically in the film by João Bennio (1927-1984) Simeão, o boêmio (1969), from its sociocultural and historical relevance and from interpretations constituted by a discussion group, formed by eight students and three professors of the Social/Audiovisual Communication Course at Universidade Estatual de Goiás. In order to discuss the possible relations between public and film producer, seven meetings with the discussion group have been called and happened in two phases. The first encompassed six meetings organized with the project proposal presentation; film projection and discussion; argumentation with the group based on various images which relate to the film and our trajectories and affection; creation and realization of a visual narrative derived from those images and their interpretations. The second phase consisted of only one gathering intended for presenting the result obtained with the the finalized visual narrative to the discussion group. Considering that the relations between the spectator and the film are part of the social practices in a constant relationship between teaching and learning, the viewer is thought of not as a passive consumer, but as a main character who produces social value and cultural languages, integrating the complexity of the contemporary society complexities. I consider that the histories described in this paper have not been concluded, still they bear some reserve for other possible histories yet to come and many more. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar o cinema feito em Goiás com recorte no filme de João Bennio (1927-1984) Simeão, o boêmio (1969), a partir da sua relevância no âmbito sociocultural e histórico e de interpretações constituídas pelo grupo de discussão, formado por oito alunos e três professores do Curso de Comunicação Social/Audiovisual da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Para discutir sobre as possíveis relações entre público e realizador de cinema, foram promovidos sete encontros com o grupo de discussão, que aconteceram em duas etapas. A primeira contou com seis encontros organizados com a apresentação da proposta do projeto; projeção e discussão do filme; discussão com o grupo a partir de imagens diversas que se relacionam com o filme e nossos percursos e afetos; criação e realização de uma narrativa visual a partir dessas imagens e suas interpretações. A segunda etapa constituiu-se de apenas um encontro para apresentação, ao grupo de discussão, do resultado obtido com a narrativa visual finalizada. Considerando que as relações entre o espectador e o filme fazem parte das práticas sociais em uma constante relação entre ensinar e aprender, o espectador é pensado não como um consumidor passivo, mas como personagem principal que produz valores sociais e linguagens culturais, integrando a complexidade das dinâmicas da sociedade contemporânea. Considero que as histórias apresentadas neste trabalho não foram finalizadas, mas portam reticências para outras possíveis histórias que virão e outras tantas mais.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Purpose/Aim: In my essay I study the use of Internet with information overload as my perspective. I compare two age groups in order to find out whether there is a difference between generations in how they use the Internet and experience the vast amount of information that is found on the net.</p><p>Material/Method: I gather information from six frequent World Wide Web users to find out whether they are experiencing information overload when using the Internet in their spare time and how they structure and make sense of the vast amount of information that is found on the net. I use semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative, not quantitative, material for my study. I have also used literature and websites on information overload, the Internet, and connected themes in order to get a broader picture of the subject and help me analyse the material.</p><p>Main results: The main results of my study are that frequent Internet users do not feel that they suffer from the vast amount of information found on the World Wide Web. They rather enjoy it and if they have heard the term information overload they assume that it does not apply to their use of the Internet. They have special routines to help them structure up and make sense of the information.</p><p>The differences between the age groups are minor. The younger group draws a parallel between knowing about computers and knowing how to use the Internet whereas the older group thinks of information searching skills as a measure of how good you are at using the Internet. The younger ones were more likely than the older ones to get ideas from commercials on what to look for on the net.</p><p>Almost every respondent described a difference between generations during the interview. They thought that the elderly people using the net are more likely to suffer from information overload. The result of the study does though show that age does not matter very much in this case. The time you spend using the Internet is more important: After learning the basic methods you can learn how to structure up and find information while using the net.</p><p>Keywords: Internet, website, homepage, discussion group, newsgroup, community, e-mail, eshop, online entertainment, online games, search engine, communication, case study, information overload.</p>

Abstract Purpose/Aim: In my essay I study the use of Internet with information overload as my perspective. I compare two age groups in order to find out whether there is a difference between generations in how they use the Internet and experience the vast amount of information that is found on the net. Material/Method: I gather information from six frequent World Wide Web users to find out whether they are experiencing information overload when using the Internet in their spare time and how they structure and make sense of the vast amount of information that is found on the net. I use semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative, not quantitative, material for my study. I have also used literature and websites on information overload, the Internet, and connected themes in order to get a broader picture of the subject and help me analyse the material. Main results: The main results of my study are that frequent Internet users do not feel that they suffer from the vast amount of information found on the World Wide Web. They rather enjoy it and if they have heard the term information overload they assume that it does not apply to their use of the Internet. They have special routines to help them structure up and make sense of the information. The differences between the age groups are minor. The younger group draws a parallel between knowing about computers and knowing how to use the Internet whereas the older group thinks of information searching skills as a measure of how good you are at using the Internet. The younger ones were more likely than the older ones to get ideas from commercials on what to look for on the net. Almost every respondent described a difference between generations during the interview. They thought that the elderly people using the net are more likely to suffer from information overload. The result of the study does though show that age does not matter very much in this case. The time you spend using the Internet is more important: After learning the basic methods you can learn how to structure up and find information while using the net. Keywords: Internet, website, homepage, discussion group, newsgroup, community, e-mail, eshop, online entertainment, online games, search engine, communication, case study, information overload.

Orientador: Denise Bértoli Braga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T02:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Siqueira_DeboraCamachoAraujo_D.pdf: 5304119 bytes, checksum: 65424c06bcde57536cc5869ea47b3f4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A presente tese buscou contribuir para as reflexões sobre o uso do fórum digital para interações interculturais no ensino de línguas. A dimensão cultural no ensino de LE tem sido foco de debate teórico nos últimos anos. Influentes publicações têm enfatizado a importância de aprofundar a compreensão dos aspectos culturais da língua-alvo. Nesse sentido, as tecnologias digitais favorecem e potencialmente ampliam as trocas interculturais. Considerando esse contexto, o presente estudo, sob uma perspectiva comunicativa de ensino, objetivou analisar a experiência intercultural entre alunos universitários brasileiros, aprendizes da língua espanhola, e falantes nativos da Argentina através do fórum digital, buscando compreender seus impactos, assim como a dinâmica e a natureza das interações on-line. As perguntas que nortearam esta investigação estão organizadas em dois eixos teóricos: as três primeiras priorizam as questões culturais na prática do ensino de LE e as duas últimas enfocam a dinâmica das interações em fóruns digitais. Embora vários autores sustentem que as interações on-line com falantes nativos provêem um contexto rico para a compreensão da cultura-alvo, a análise dos dados revelou que essa compreensão não foi um produto obtido automaticamente na interação com os interlocutores argentinos. De fato, a superficialidade dos aspectos culturais observados neste estudo mostrou que colocar interlocutores em contato nos canais digitais não é uma condição suficiente para atingir esse objetivo. Primeiramente, deve haver uma necessidade comunicativa comum entre os participantes que os motive e os envolva no diálogo. Existe, ainda, a dificuldade de alcançar os aspectos culturais que envolvam valores e crenças, que estão incorporados no comportamento dos membros da cultura-alvo. Nesse aspecto, observou-se, também, a necessidade de um professor-mediador e sua importância para conduzir ou, mesmo, direcionar as discussões / Abstract: This dissertation aims to contribute to the discussions on the use of e-forum for intercultural interactions in language teaching. The cultural dimension of foreign language teaching has been the focus of theoretical discussion in recent years. Influential publications have emphasized the importance of enhancing the understanding of cultural aspects in language teaching. In this sense, digital technologies promote and potentially expand intercultural exchange. Considering this context, this study aims to analyze, from the communicative language teaching perspective, the intercultural experience among Brazilian university students, learners of Spanish, and native speakers from Argentina through an e-forum. It focuses on the understanding of its impacts, as well as the dynamics and nature of online interactions. The questions that guide this research are organized into two theoretical axes: the first three prioritize cultural issues in foreign language teaching practice, and the last two focuses on the dynamics of interactions in digital forums. Although several authors argue that the online interactions with native speakers provide a rich context for understanding the target culture, the data analysis revealed that this understanding was not a by-product automatically obtained from interacting with Argentineans speakers. In fact, the superficiality of cultural aspects observed in this study showed that bringing interlocutors together through digital channels is not a sufficient condition to achieve this goal. First, there must be a common communicative necessity between participants that motivates and engages them in dialogue. There is also the difficulty of apprehending cultural aspects that encompasses values and beliefs, which are incorporated in the behavior of members of the target culture. In this aspect, this study pointed to the need of a teacher mediator and his important role in directing or leading the discussions in the intercultural interactions / Doutorado / Linguagem e Tecnologia / Doutora em Lingüística Aplicada

This study examines the functions of phrases with the word missverstehen in any inflected form in German discussion groups. The corpus consists of about 600 different messages with a phrase containing the verb missverstehen from all kinds of discussion groups speaking the German language. The hypothesis is that those phrases do not always refer to a factual misunderstanding in the communication. There is no such thing as total understanding in communication, since people cannot fully know how other people are thinking. Instead understanding is a social construct. Misunderstanding occurs when a group member cannot interpret a message so that it correlates with what the sender has meant. This understanding contains both the discussed theme as well as the relation between the group members. Relevance occurs when interpretable information is communicated through contextualization cues. Some cues carry information about the discussed theme, others communicate face work. A misunderstanding is caused by missing contextualization cues, i. e. the message is irrelevant. The study shows how the communicators can construct a disagreement as a misunderstanding, which it in turn has an impact on face work. The phrase is then being used together with added contextualization cues in order to construct a common understanding. Thereby the communicators can influence the interaction. This is done in a sequence in the discussion group. Hence the script theory (Schank/Abelson 1977) aims to describe the phenomenon of how a phrase with the word missverstehen can be used for different purposes. One script is defined for each purpose. The difference between the scripts is being maintained by the contextualization cue that carries the information about how the relations between group members are interacted.

[pt] O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar o processo de reflexão profissional co-construído por um grupo de profissionais de ensino de Inglês que se engajaram em um grupo de discussão on-line inserido no contexto profissional brasileiro no qual eles atuam: em um Instituto de Ensino de Línguas. A investigação deste processo é feita neste estudo interpretativo através da análise do discurso dos 64 enunciados produzidos pelos participantes em um período de um mês e dez dias. Como participante da comunidade discursiva institucional estudada, a professora - pesquisadora ressalta a importância da linguagem e da presença do outro - do interlocutor - no processo reflexivo profissional. A análise da negociação de significado e da construção do conhecimento permitiu mapear quatro processos reflexivos, a saber: a intensificação da observação, a descrição da prática para si e para o outro, a interação com o outro, e o questionamento da prática profissional. Constatou-se também a valiosa contribuição trazida pela Comunicação Mediada por Computador para a prática reflexiva como incentivo à educação continuada do professor. / [en] The aim of this research is to investigate how the process of professional reflection was co-developed by a group of English language teaching professionals who engaged in an On-line Discussion Group designed within a Brazilian professional environment at which those professionals work. The inquiry consists of an interpretative study, which analyzes 64 exchanges produced over the period of one month and ten days. As a participant of the institutional discourse community being focused, the teacher-researcher highlights the presence of the other - the interlocutor - in the process of professional reflection. The analysis of the negotiation of meaning and the construction of knowledge was useful to map four reflective processes, such as: intensification of observation, description of professional practice to oneself and to the other, interaction with the other and questioning of professional practice. The valuable contribution brought by Computer Mediated Communication to the reflective practice, as a way to foster in-service teacher education and professional development as well, was one of the greatest findings.

Cette thèse doctorale en psychopédagogie porte sur l’étude du soutien social mis en oeuvre lors d’une activité collective conçue et menée pour favoriser le développement du bien-être au travail chez les enseignants. Cette étude de cas multiples qualitative a été réalisée auprès de huit enseignants de classes d’accueil du secondaire qui ont participé à une activité collective (des groupes de parole) durant six mois. Trois principaux thèmes ont guidé l’organisation de cette recherche : le bien-être psychologique au travail (BEPT), le soutien social et les retombées des groupes de parole. Afin de collecter les données, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées avec des enseignants sur le thème du BEPT selon la conception de Dagenais-Desmarais (2010). Ces entrevues ont eu lieu avant et après la participation des enseignants aux activités collectives visant le BEPT. Ensuite, l’étude du soutien social a été réalisée en cohérence avec les trois principales dimensions associées à ce concept selon Vaux (1990) : les comportements de soutien, les ressources du réseau et l’évaluation subjective du soutien. Les comportements de soutien manifestés durant les groupes de parole ont été analysés. Puis, les ressources du réseau des enseignants, principalement associées à l’activité collective et à ses participants, ont été décrites. La dimension de l’évaluation subjective du soutien a été documentée lors des entrevues semi-dirigées menées après les huit séances du groupe de parole. Dans l’intention de recueillir des données relatives aux perceptions des enseignants sur les retombées de l’activité collective sur leur bien-être au travail, certaines questions de la deuxième entrevue semi-dirigée après les activités collectives ont également été ajoutées sur ce thème. Cette recherche, s’inscrivant dans une perspective systémique, accorde une place particulière à la compréhension des relations bidirectionnelles entre l’individu et son environnement. En s’appuyant sur le modèle processus-personne-contexte-temps de Bronfenbrenner et Morris (1998), le soutien social est étudié sous l’angle des processus, le BEPT est associé à la composante personne, les groupes de parole et l’environnement de travail des enseignants des classes d’accueil représentent le contexte et, finalement, le temps est étudié en filigrane de tous ces éléments. Les résultats de cette thèse sont organisés de façon à mettre en lumière la singularité des cas par leur présentation individuelle en plus de relever les ressemblances et les dissemblances entre les participants par une analyse croisée. Les données de recherche permettent d’esquisser le portrait du BEPT des participants qui oeuvraient en classe d’accueil. En plus de détailler l’état des participants et le contexte de travail avec les défis et les enjeux inhérents à l’enseignement aux élèves allophones nouvellement arrivés, les résultats mettent en exergue une scission entre les programmes d’accueil et les programmes « réguliers » au sein de l’école. Cette scission entraîne des retombées sur toutes les dimensions du BEPT (l’adéquation interpersonnelle, le sentiment de compétence, l’épanouissement, la volonté de s’engager et la reconnaissance perçue au travail). L’analyse des données illustre également l’importance et la complexité des relations sociales dans le contexte enseignant. En ce qui concerne l’étude du soutien social, en plus de faire état des comportements de soutien donnés et reçus par les participants, les résultats mettent en valeur le soutien social indirect. Les participants ont rapporté avoir bénéficié d’une aide qui ne leur était pas directement adressée. Le soutien social donné par un participant pouvait donc être pertinent pour plus d’un membre du groupe et être disponible dans le groupe, sans être provoqué. De plus, les liens tissés dans le groupe de parole ont pu favoriser l’établissement d’un réseau de soutien représenté autant par l’activité et l’environnement créé par celle-ci que par les participants. L’augmentation de la taille du réseau de soutien a également été évoquée par les enseignants à l’extérieur de l’activité. Autant l’évaluation subjective du soutien que la documentation des retombées des groupes de parole sur le bien-être ont permis de mettre en lumière un second processus : le partage de vécu. Alors que les groupes de parole visent à regrouper les individus autour d’une question commune dans une perspective psychodynamique, le partage de vécu permis par le cadre de l’activité a été fréquemment nommé comme favorisant le développement du bien-être. Le caractère novateur de cette recherche se situe dans l’agencement des concepts et dans la précision de son analyse sur le soutien social mis en oeuvre lors d’activités collectives conçues et menées pour favoriser le développement du bien-être au travail. En plus des avancées théoriques et conceptuelles proposées, les résultats ont des retombées pratiques importantes. Par le détail du contexte de travail des enseignants en classe d’accueil, mais aussi par la mise en oeuvre d’activités collectives à l’école, cette thèse propose des pistes de réflexion pour la formation des enseignants, la gouvernance scolaire, les directions et les enseignants. / This doctoral thesis in educational psychology focuses on the study of social support implemented during a group activity designed and conducted to promote the development of well-being at work among teachers. This qualitative multiple case study was conducted with eight reception class (French language classes for newly arrived immigrants in Quebec) teachers who participated in focus groups over a six-month period. Three main themes guided the organization of this research: psychological well-being at work, social support and the impact of the discussion groups. In order to collect the data, semi-directed interviews were conducted on psychological well-being at work according to Dagenais-Desmarais’s (2010) conception. These interviews took place before and after the teachers’ participation in group activities. The study of social support was then led in accordance with the three main dimensions associated with this concept according to Vaux (1990): supportive behaviors, network resources and subjective evaluation of support. The support behaviors carried out during the discussion groups were analyzed. Then, the resources of the teachers’ network, mainly associated with the group activity and its participants, were described. The dimension of subjective evaluation of support was documented in semi-directed interviews conducted after the eight discussion group sessions. In order to collect data on teachers’ perceptions of the impact of the group activity on their well-being at work, some questions from the second semi-structured interview after the group activity were also added on this theme. This research, led in a systemic perspective, focuses on understanding the bidirectional relationship between the individual and his environment. Using Bronfenbrenner and Morris’s (1998) processperson- context-time model, social support is studied as a process, psychological well-being in the workplace is associated with the person component, speech groups and the work environment of reception class teachers represent the context and time is studied as underlying all of these elements. The results of this thesis are organized to highlight the singularity of the cases through their individual presentation, in addition to identifying similarities and dissimilarities between the participants through cross-analysis. The research data allows us to draw a portrait of the psychological well-being at work of the participants. In addition to providing a detailed account of the state of the participants as well as the work context with the challenges and issues associated with teaching newly arrived allophone students, the results highlight a division between the host programs and the “regular” programs within the school. This split has repercussions on all dimensions of psychological well-being in the workplace (interpersonal suitability, sense of competence, fulfillment, willingness to commit and perceived recognition in the workplace). Data analysis also illustrates the importance and complexity of social relationships in the teaching context. Concerning social support, in addition to reporting on the supportive behaviors given and received by participants, the results highlight indirect social support. Participants reported receiving support that was not directed to them. Thus, social support given by a participant could be relevant to more than one member of the group and be available in the group without being provoked. In addition, the ties forged in the focus group may have fostered the establishment of a support network represented by the activity and the environment created by the activity, as well as by the participants. The increase in the size of the support network was also mentioned by teachers outside the activity. Both the subjective evaluation of support and the study of the impact of the discussion groups on well-being highlighted a second process: the sharing of experiences. While discussion groups from a psychodynamic perspective aiming to bring individuals together around a common issue, the sharing of experiences allowed by the activity’s framework was frequently named as promoting the development of well-being. The innovative nature of this research lies in the arrangement of the concepts and in the precision of its analysis of the social support implemented during collective activities designed and conducted to promote the development of well-being in the workplace. In addition to the theoretical and conceptual advances proposed, the results have important practical implications. By detailing the context in which teachers work in reception class, but also by the implementation of collective activities in the school, this thesis proposes avenues for teacher training, school governance, principals and teachers.

Emotions play a significant role in the lives of teachers, especially in their interactions with their workplace peers. This research uses a case study approach to explore this topic through the medium of an asynchronous on-line discussion group. Twelve public school teachers, eight women and four men, from BC, Canada, volunteered to participate anonymously in a 12 week on-line forum. The study was guided by three research questions: 1) How do teachers make sense of their emotional interactions with their peers? 2) How do these understandings change through discussion with a group of peers over 12 weeks? 3) What understandings of the emotional processes of school culture emerge when teachers discuss and reflect on these emotional aspects of their work in a collaborative setting? The participants responded to weekly focus questions and also initiated their own discussion topics. They were introduced to alternative perspectives of emotion, including the social constructionist, feminist, and discursive. They were asked to focus on everyday interactions with their peers and to suggest what the emotions they experienced and observed achieved within the group. They were also encouraged to pay attention to the feeling rules in their staff meetings and to notice which emotions they thought were deemed appropriate to be expressed and which were deemed inappropriate. Initially the participants used a number of strategies based on the individualized and psychological perspectives of emotions to make sense of their interactions. During the discussion group they were able to discuss their interactions in a safe non-judgemental setting and to reinterpret them in light of new information. Competition, patriarchy, and neo-liberal education policies were seen to influence the dynamics of the workplace. Two mechanisms which appeared to link the teachers’ individual, private experiences of emotions with the culture of the school were the use of the words “positive” and “negative” and the norms embedded in the feeling rules of each school. These mechanisms both constrained and allowed the expression of certain emotions, opinions, and points of view in the workplace, thereby highlighting the political role of emotions. Symbolically the forum represented a collective space within an individualized world.