Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Rister de Sousa Lima.pdf: 2245580 bytes, checksum: 854e86021e2ee1b949f289b37dd1f66b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-09 / Over time and as society evolved, the civil procedural system has tended to conceive techniques intended to expedite judicial protection and case-law uniformity, in order to optimize the services provided by the Judiciary and make them more efficient. Article 285-A of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure embodies this trend, with features of both aspects and that, ultimately, in addition to abiding by the constitutional model in force, attempts to align it with and adapt it to new prevailing social standards (particularly in connection with dual jurisdiction) on behalf of procedural economy and rationality. This rule stands as a very important tool for better utilization of the civil procedural system in general, as a time-saving method for judges, clerks of justice and other practitioners of the law, avoiding the activities with little or no influence on the outcome of proceedings, thereby contributing to better adjudication results, with decreased expenditure of time and energy, as prescribed by the principle of timely judicial protection. Moreover, as it implies a substantial change in the how procedural acts unfold (beginning, in fact, at 'the end' of a proceeding s first phase), empirical application of the technique is somewhat hampered, which is not to say that it should cease to be applied or, or that its contribution to the improvement of the system as a whole should be denied, as this study attempts to demonstrate. The technique s power and potentialities in the face of an increasingly mass-oriented society with countless repetitive activities (and its clear reflections on the design of the Judiciary itself) allow concluding, without offense to the Constitution (especially the principle of due process and the adversarial principle) and in clear obedience of the principle of equality, in favor of extending the faculties of article 285-A of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure to the plaintiff as well, who would be granted the same privileges afforded to defendants under similar circumstances / Com o tempo e a evolução da sociedade, verificou-se uma tendência do sistema processual civil em conceber técnicas de sumarização da tutela jurisdicional e uniformização da jurisprudência, de molde a otimizar e tornar mais eficientes os serviços prestados pelo Poder Judiciário. O art. 285-A do Código de Processo Civil brasileiro não é nada mais do que uma norma que materializa essa tendência, com traços de ambas as vertentes e que, em última análise, além de respeitar o modelo constitucional vigente, procura alinhá-lo e adequá-lo ao novo arquétipo social vigente (especialmente à chamada dualidade de jurisdições), em prestígio da economia e da racionalidade do processo. Afigura-se o aludido preceptivo em ferramenta muito importante para a oxigenação e o melhor aproveitamento do sistema processual civil de uma maneira geral, com vistas a poupar o tempo de juízes, serventuários da justiça e demais operadores do direito, com a prática de atividades que pouco ou nada influirão para o resultado final do processo, contribuindo, assim, para que se extraiam melhores resultados da prestação jurisdicional, com menor dispêndio de tempo e energia, em prestígio ao princípio da tempestividade da tutela jurisdicional. Ademais, é técnica que, por implicar sensível mudança na forma como ordinariamente ocorrem os atos de um processo (que, deveras, começa pelo fim de sua primeira fase), acaba gerando certa dificuldade na sua adequada aplicação no plano empírico, mas que, nem por isso, deve deixar de ser aplicada ou recusada a sua contribuição para o bem do sistema como um todo, como se procurará demonstrar no curso do presente trabalho. A pujança e o potencial verificados na aludida técnica, diante de uma sociedade cada vez mais massificada e com inúmeras atividades repetitivas (o que reflete, peremptoriamente, no próprio desenho do Poder Judiciário), permitem concluir, sem ofensa à Constituição Federal (notadamente aos princípios do devido processo legal e do contraditório) e prestigiando o princípio da igualdade, pela possibilidade de se estender a norma nela contida também para o autor, ao qual passaria a ser franqueada, mediante alteração legislativa, igual benesse à conferida ao réu, em semelhantes condições

O presente trabalho tem o escopo de realizar uma análise dogmática da proteção jurídica da relação de emprego contra o despedimento discriminatório da pessoa portadora do HIV e/ou doente de AIDS no direito brasileiro. Inicialmente são expostos conceitos científicos a respeito do HIV/AIDS, seu histórico e suas implicações no contexto do trabalho. Na seqüência são abordadas as questões relativas à força normativa dos princípios constitucionais, dos direitos humanos fundamentais e dos tratados internacionais em matéria de direitos humanos, sempre sob o enfoque de sua incidência e eficácia horizontal no contexto das relações de trabalho no caso do despedimento discriminatório da pessoa portadora do HIV e/ou doente de AIDS (Drittwirkung). São estudados os princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana (art. 1.º, III, CF), da igualdade e de sua expressão enquanto direito de não ser discriminado (Preâmbulo, art. 3.º, IV, art. 5.º, caput e XLI, CF) , além da tutela da intimidade da pessoa portadora do HIV e/ou doente de AIDS (art. 5.º, X, CF). Demonstra-se a existência de amplo, consistente e efetivo sistema constitucional antidiscriminatório no ordenamento brasileiro (Preâmbulo, art. 1.º, III, art. 3.º, IV, art. 5.º, caput e XLI e art. 7.º, XXX, CF). Sob o aspecto processual, são verificados os mecanismos para a identificação do despedimento discriminatório, abordando-se as questões da inversão do ônus da prova e das presunções judiciais em matéria de discriminação. É abordada a aplicabilidade da Lei n.º 9.029/95 à hipótese de discriminação da pessoa portadora do HIV e/ou doente de AIDS e as conseqüências previstas por tal legislação. Finalmente, é ressaltado o caráter inconstitucional do despedimento discriminatório e são enfrentadas as questões relativas às indenizações por dano material/patrimonial (patamar mínimo fixado pelo art. 4.º, I, Lei n.º 9.029/95) e por dano moral/pessoal (art. 5.º, V e X, CF) decorrentes do despedimento discriminatório independentes e autônomas , a multa compensatória prevista pelo art. 10.º, I, do ADCT e o direito à reintegração no emprego (art. 7.º, I, CF, Convenção n.º 158 da OIT e art. 4.º, II, Lei n.º 9.029/95). / This paper has the purpose to provide a dogmatic analysis of the legal protection of the employment bond against the discriminatory dismissal of the HIV-positive person and/or a person with AIDS. First, it exposes the scientific concepts in relation to HIV/AIDS, its history and implications within the labor contexts. Next, this work deals with issues related to the normative force of the constitutional principles, the fundamental human rights and the international treaties related to human rights, with a constant focus on its occurrence and horizontal efficiency within the context of the employment bonds in case of discriminatory dismissal of the HIV-positive person and/or the person with AIDS (Drittwirkung). It also studies the principles of the dignity of the human person (art. 1.º, III, CF), equity and its expression by virtue of the right of not being discriminated (Preamble, art. 3.º, IV, art. 5.º, head and XLI, CF) , besides the tutorship of the HIVpositive person and/or person with AIDS (art. 5.º, X, CF). This work shows the existence of a broad, consistent and effective anti-discriminatory constitutional system in the Brazilian law (Preamble, art. 1.º, III, art. 3.º, IV, art. 5.º, head and XLI and art. 7.º, XXX, CF). From the procedural standpoint, this work deals with mechanisms to identify the discriminatory dismissal, focusing on the issues of the reversal of the burden of proof and the judicial presumptions related to discrimination. It also discuss the enforceability of the Law no. 9.029/95 in relation to the hypothesis of discrimination of the HIV-positive person and/or person with AIDS and the consequences provided in such law. At last, this work expresses the unconstitutional character of the discriminatory dismissal and deals with the issues related to the indemnities for pecuniary damages (minimum level established by the art. 4.º, I, Law n.º 9.029/95) and mental distress (art. 5.º, V and X, CF) arising from the discriminatory dismissal independent and autonomous , the compensatory fine provided in the art. 10.º, I, of the ADCT [Act of Transitory Constitutional Provisions] and the right of being reinstated to work (art. 7.º, I, CF, Convention n.º 158 of the ILO (International Labor Organization) and art. 4, II, Law n.º 9.029/95).

L’absentéisme au travail en raison de santé représente un enjeu important dans la société actuelle puisqu’il est en constante croissante. Il engendre plusieurs conséquences négatives pour les entreprises québécoises. Nous nous intéressons à l’absentéisme au travail en raison de santé, abordé sous un angle juridique. Le but de notre recherche consiste à identifier, à partir d’un échantillon de soixante-dix-sept décisions jurisprudentielles, les manquements fautifs et non fautifs qui constituent une cause juste et suffisante de congédiement dans les cas d’absence au travail en raison de santé. En ce qui concerne les manquements fautifs, nos résultats démontrent qu’occuper un second emploi durant une absence du travail, effectuer des activités incompatibles avec l’état de santé déclaré, faire des fausses déclarations, falsifier des documents médicaux, le défaut d’aviser lors d’une absence du travail sans autorisation, le défaut d’aviser lors d’une absence du travail en présence d’une convention collective, le refus de retourner au travail à la suite d’une directive de l’employeur et le refus de fournir les informations médicales nécessaires ne constituent pas indéniablement une cause juste et suffisante de congédiement. Pour les manquements non fautifs, notre analyse montre que les manquements reliés à l’assiduité au travail en présence et en l’absence d’une convention collective et les manquements reliés à la capacité de reprendre le travail en l’absence et en présence de limitations fonctionnelles psychologiques et physiques et en tenant compte du risque pour sa santé et sa sécurité ou risque pour celles des autres ne sont pas dans tous les cas une cause juste et suffisante de congédiement. Il appert, dans les décisions analysées en fonction des critères de Wohl c. Joly, que l’employeur doit démontrer les trois éléments pour qu’ils constituent une cause juste et suffisante de congédiement. / Absenteeism at work due to health represents an important stake in today's society since it is constantly increasing. It creates several negative consequences for Quebec Enterprises. We are interested in work absenteeism due to health, from a legal perspective. The purpose of our research consist in identifying, from a sample of seventy-seven judicial decisions, faulty or not faulty circumstances which constitute a fair and sufficient reason for dismissal in cases of absence from work due to health. As for faulty instances, our results show that to occupy a second job during an absence from work, to carry out incompatible activities with against health limitations, making false statements, falsifying medical documents, failing to notify an absence from work without authorization or in the presence of a collective labour agreement, to refuse to return to work following a directive from the employer or to provide the necessary medical information do not constitute irrefutably a fair and sufficient reason for dismissal. For not faulty incidents, our analysis shows that the incidents related to assiduity at work with or without a collective labour agreement, instances related to the ability to return to work with or without psychological and physical limitations and by taking into account the risk for one’s health and safety, or the risk for others are not at any rate a fair and sufficient reason for dismissal. It seems, in the decisions analyzed according to the criteria Wohl c. Joly, that the employer must prove the three elements that constitute a fair and sufficient reason for dismissal.

In terms of section 186(1)(e) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 constructive dismissal occurs where an employee terminated a contract of employment with or without notice because the employer made continued employment intolerable. Work stress is becoming more and more imminent in the workplace. Some employees feel that the amount of work stress also makes their continued employment intolerable, and then they claim constructive dismissal. This raises the question whether the courts should apply the same tests they apply in constructive dismissal cases as well as in cases where the employee resigns because of work stress. But, if the same tests that are used to determine if there has been a constructive dismissal are used in a case where an employee resigns because of work stress, a real danger exists because then it can lead to the misuse of a claim of constructive dismissal by employees who cannot handle a minimum amount of work stress. Over the years the courts have indicated that they apply an objective test in cases of constructive dismissal. This leads to the argument whether subjectivity should play a role, and whether one should look at the subjective perspective of both the employer and the employee. This research looks at numerous court decisions, from both the South African legal system as well as the United Kingdom legal system, in order to determine which tests the South African courts need to apply when they are confronted with a constructive dismissal claim where the employee resigned due to work stress. Constructive dismissal – resignation – work stress – stress due to an excessive workload – work stress and employee wellness – stress based claims. / Thesis (LL.M. (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 197 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 ensures the transfer of a contract of employment from an old employer to a new employer on the transfer of a business as a gomg concern. Although section 197 is mostly based on European and British statutes and regulations, one should not rely on foreign provisions when interpreting section 197 without careful consideration. It is only when we understand the inherent limitations of applying these provisions, that they can be of any help to formulate definitions for the terms "transfer", "business" and "going concern". The two most important effects that section 197 has, is that it ensures the transfer of the contract of employment and that it protects the terms and conditions of employment when such a transfer takes place. Unfortunately, this section does not regulate dismissal on the transfer of a business. Section 197 also does not deal satisfactorily with the transfer of contracts of employment on the transfer of an insolvent business. As a result of the above-mentioned and other shortcomings of the current section 197, it was decided to amend the Act. The Labour Relations Amendment Bill 2000 relies heavily on precedents from foreign law, but unfortunately it does not adequately address all the current problems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 197 van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge 66 van 1995 verseker die oordrag van 'n dienskontrak van 'n ou werkgewer na 'n nuwe werkgewer by die oordrag van 'n besigheid as 'n lopende onderneming. Alhoewel artikel 197 gebaseer is op Europese en Britse wetgewing en regulasies, moet die leser versigtig wees om sulke bepalings sonder skroom aan te wend by die interpretrasie van artikel 197. Wanneer ons die inherente beperkings daarvan begryp, mag die bepalings van hulp wees om definisies te vorm van die begrippe "oordrag", "besigheid" en "lopende onderneming". Artikel 197 het hoofsaaklik twee uitwerkings: dit fasiliteer die oordrag van die dienskontrak en verseker dat die terme en voorwaardes van indiensneming onveranderd bly. Die artikel reguleer nie ontslag by die oordrag van 'n besigheid nie. Artikel 197 reguleer ook nie genoegsaam die oordrag van dienskontrakte waar 'n insolvente besigheid oorgedra word nie. As gevolg van bogenoemde en ander tekortkominge is besluit om die Wet te wysig. Die Wysigingswetsontwerp op Arbeidverhoudinge 2000 steun op buitelandse presedente, maar spreek ongelukkig ook nie al die huidige probleme suksesvol aan nie.

After a conceptual overview of the scope of the right to job stability, its relationship with other rights (right to work, right to access to employment, right to maintain employment) and its constitutional, international and legal regulation and the position of jurisprudence, the author goes on to discuss the complex picture presented to the employer before a decision to dismiss both from a legal perspective (compensation, replacement) and case law (damages, replacement) adding a paragraph called “others” the recount administrative consequences arising from said measure both labor (SUNAFIL) and tax (SUNAT) viewpoint. / Luego de un breve repaso conceptual de los alcances del derecho a la estabilidad laboral, su relación con otros derechos (derecho al trabajo, derecho de acceso al empleo, derecho a conservar el empleo) y su regulación constitucional, internacional y legal, así como la posición de la jurisprudencia, el autor pasa a comentar el complejo panorama que se presenta al empleador ante una decisión de despido tanto desde la óptica legal (indemnización, reposición) como jurisprudencial (indemnización por daños, reposición) añadiéndose un acápite denominado “otros” para las relatar las consecuencias administrativas que surgen de la indicada medida tanto desde la óptica laboral (SUNAFIL) como tributaria (SUNAT).

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 113649.pdf.jpg: 16610 bytes, checksum: eda331d79771633a415277266073f8e3 (MD5) 113649.pdf: 908029 bytes, checksum: c199e48e73267fa8bcc531d04ba4bdb5 (MD5) 113649.pdf.txt: 429085 bytes, checksum: fe95b877840bfcd2f7f3af85881fb9af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-16T00:00:00Z / Os processos de downsizing tornaram-se tão freqüentes que é raro atualmente conhecer alguém que nunca tenha sido demitido. As demissões em massa se intensificaram no final da década de 80, atingiram seu ápice na década de 90 e continuam ocorrendo com freqüência (TOMASKO, 1992; CALDAS, 2000; WEISENFELD, BROCKNER e THIBAULT, 2000). Poderíamos pensar que, já que ser demitido tornou-se quase corriqueiro, isso tornaria as demissões menos traumáticas para as pessoas. Porém isso não é atestado por vários estudos sobre demissões, que mostram que os processos de downsizing trazem, em geral, conseqüências bastante dramáticas para os indivíduos. Vários estudos já foram realizados sobre os efeitos das demissões para os demitidos e para os remanescentes. Este trabalho visa entender como as pessoas que demitem dão sentido à prática de demitir, ou seja, quais as justificativas que usam ao praticarem atos que geralmente causam dor e sofrimento a outras pessoas. A pesquisa investiga também como os profissionais de recursos humanos, responsáveis pelas políticas e práticas relacionadas às pessoas dentro das organizações, dão sentido às demissões em massa, atividade que hoje é, muitas vezes, mais comum do que a própria contratação de pessoas. Para desvendar os sentidos produzidos pelos demissores e profissionais de recursos humanos em processos de downsizing, foram analisadas, com a metodologia de análise de conteúdo, entrevistas com 12 demissores e 13 profissionais de recursos humanos, no total de 25 entrevistas. A coleta do material de pesquisa ocorreu com entrevistas em profundidade semi-estruturadas. A análise das entrevistas nos permite dizer que as demissões, em geral, trazem conseqüências muito dramáticas para as pessoas: demitidos, remanescentes e demissores. Para que seja possível lidar com as demissões, os demissores constroem sentidos e percebem as práticas de downsizing como resultado da objetivação da globalização. Além disso, os demissores reforçam a promessa de ajuda aos demitidos na busca de uma nova posição, seja por meio de programas de recolocação profissional, seja no esforço individual dos demissores. Os demissores revelaram também sua percepção de que, de alguma maneira, os demitidos encontrarão novas oportunidades de trabalho. Nossa pesquisa também desvendou maneiras de legitimação dos processos de downsizing, com a contribuição da retórica da administração de recursos humanos diante desses processos. Para praticar atos que, em geral, trazem dor e sofrimento, os demissores precisam amenizar, de alguma maneira, as conseqüências do próprio ato. / Firms downsize their work force so frequently that it is rare to meet someone nowadays who has never been fired. The number of layoffs increased at the end of the eighties and had their pick in the nineties, and layoffs continue to be commonly implemented (TOMASKO, 1992; CALDAS, 2000; WEISENFELD, BROCKNER e THIBAULT, 2000). One could think that since layoffs have become so common, this would make dismissals less traumatic to individuals. However, this has not been verified in many studies about dismissals. These studies show that downsizing processes usually have dramatic consequences to individuals. Many studies have been conducted about dismissal effects on layoff victims and survivors. The objective of this work is to understand how managers who fire their employees in downsizing processes make sense of their dismissal practices, which are their explanations for implementing actions that usually bring pain and suffering to other people. This research also investigates how human resources professionals, responsible for policies and practices related to employees in the organizations, make sense of layoffs, activities that have become more common than recruiting and selection in many firms. To review the meanings produced by managers and human resources professionals in downsizing processes, twenty-five people were interviewed and the content of the interviews analyzed: twelve layoffs implementing managers and thirteen human resources professionals. We used the content analyses methodology to analyze the material, which was colleted via semi-structured interviews. The interview analysis allows us to say that usually the layoffs consequences are very dramatic to individuals: victims, survivors and implementing managers. To be able to deal with dismissals, managers make sense and perceive layoffs as a result of objectivation of globalization. Besides that, managers usually promise to help dismissed employees to find other work positions, via outplacement programs or via their own individual help. The implementing managers also reveled their perception that, somehow, the dismissed employees would find new work opportunities. Besides that, our research reveled that the human resources rhetoric is a mean to legitimize layoffs. To implement actions that usually bring pain and suffering to individuals, implementing managers need to find ways that somehow diminish the consequences of their own actions.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The statutory definition of the lock-out encompasses certain acts (inter alia termination of contracts of employment) which must be executed by the employer with a certain purpose. The Appellate Division has recently found that the employment relationship not necessarily terminates similarly to the common law contract of employment, but may subsist after termination of the contract of employment. The industrial court does not easily accept that it has been deprived of its unfair labour practice jurisdiction where terminations of employment take place in consequence of a lock-out. The motive of the employer seems to be decisive. In line with both the trend in first world countries and principles established by the courts in South Africa, the Constitution and especially recent labour legislation significantly curtail the bargaining power of the employer because it is progressively being believed that the employer has sufficient economic power to his disposal. / Die omskrywing van die uitsluiting in wetgewing omvat sekere handelinge {onder andere beeindiging van dienskontrakte) wat deur die werkgewer met 'n sekere doel verrig moet word. Die Appelhof het onlangs beslis dat die diensverhouding na beeindiging van die dienskontrak kan bly voortduur en nie noodwendig soos die gemeenregtelike dienskontrak ten einde loop nie. Die nywerheidshof aanvaar ook nie geredelik dat hy in geval van diensbeeindiging wat volg op 'n uitsluiting van sy onbillike arbeidspraktyk jurisdiksie ontneem is nie. Die motief van die werkgewer blyk hier deurslaggewend te wees. In lyn met sowel die ne1g1ng in eerstew~reldse lande, asook beginsels reeds deur die howe in Suid-Afrika gevestig, word die bedingingsmag van die werkgewer ingevolge die Grondwet en veral onlangse arbeidswetgewing betekenisvol ingekort omrede toenemend aanvaar word dat die werkgewer oor voldoende ekonomiese mag beskik. / Law / LL.M.

After presenting the evolution of labor stability law in Peru, public and private scopes of the right to work are described allowing the Constitutional Court redefine dismissal regime (working stability of exit), in general, and specifying temporary recruitment regime (working stability of entry). Redefinition of dismissal legal framework is analyzed from constitutional and judicial case law stressing solved and pending issues. / Tras presentar la evolución del derecho de estabilidad laboral en el Perú, se precisan los alcances públicos y privados del derecho al trabajo, que permitieron al Tribunal Constitucional redefinir el régimen del despido (estabilidad laboral de salida), en general, y comenzar a precisar el régimen de contratación temporal (estabilidad laboral de entrada). Se analiza la redefinición del marco jurídico del despido a partir de la jurisprudencia constitucional y judicial, poniendo en relieve los temas resueltos y los pendientes.

O trabalho trata da despedida coletiva e de seu dever de motivação. Embora não haja tratamento legal no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a conjugação de normas principiológicas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais permite afirmar que a despedida coletiva é instituto jurídico distinto da despedida individual e, como tal, requer consequências jurídicas também diversas. A fim de compreender os limites dessa figura jurídica e buscar solução genuína e adequada ao quadro nacional, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica em autores nacionais e estrangeiros e estudo de casos jurisprudenciais. No primeiro capítulo, buscou-se conceituar o instituto, distinguindo-se entre as despedidas individuais plúrimas e a despedida coletiva. No segundo capítulo, recorreu-se ao estudo do Direito Comparado e das normas de organismos internacionais que tratam do tema. No terceiro capítulo, destacam-se princípios constitucionais, como a dignidade da pessoa humana e a função social da propriedade, e princípios infraconstitucionais, como a boa-fé objetiva e a vedação do abuso de direito. No quarto capítulo, analisam-se as decisões judiciais paradigmáticas envolvendo as empresas Embraer e Usiminas destacando-se, de forma breve, o papel do Poder Judiciário. Ao final, pudemos concluir que a despedida coletiva tem importância crescente na realidade social e, como tal, requer que se tome posse de sua complexidade para seu desvendamento. / The paper deals with collective dismissal and its duty of motivation. Although there is no legal treatment in the Brazilian legal system, the combination of infra-constitutional and constitutional norms related to principles allows us to state that collective dismissal is a legal institution different from individual dismissal and, as such, it also requires different legal consequences. In order to understand the limits of this legal concept and seek a genuine and appropriate solution to the national framework, a bibliographical research was conducted using national and foreign authors as well as jurisprudential study cases. In the first chapter, the aim was to conceptualize the institute, distinguishing between multiple individual dismissals and collective dismissals. In the second chapter, we resorted to the study of comparative law and norms from international bodies dealing with the theme. In the third chapter, constitutional principles such as human dignity and the social function of property and infra-constitutional principles such as objective good faith and the prohibition of abuse of rights are highlighted. In the fourth chapter, the paradigmatic judicial decisions involving the companies Embraer and Usiminas are analyzed briefly stressing the role of the Judiciary Power. At the end, we could conclude that the collective dismissal has increasing importance in social reality and, as such, it requires that possession of its complexity is taken so that it is unveiled.