Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mirela Ferraz.pdf: 3799078 bytes, checksum: 2159534f033b038d5ce8819c3a615b7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to analyze the process of construction of the trajectories of women's lives mediated by the Social Welfare s Politic in the Centre of Social Welfare Refer-ence - CRAS Casa Verde, within the northern zone of São Paulo. We assume that the job of the social worker has the privilege of approaching the everyday life of those subjects. We understand that their life are conditioned by the determinants of explo-ration of the world of the work and gender oppression in the relations of production and social reproduction. To investigate on this reality is a way to strengthen these women, their families and the territory as a political struggle space. Therefore, our hypothesis focuses on understanding the mediation of social welfare women can gestate/ organize their everyday life. The research on the critical theoretical frame-work and the use of the methodology of oral history will be guided, therefore, seek to give visibility to the experience of policies subject and meanings constructed by them. Our political ethical position is to advocate the recognition of a gender perspec-tive by the Social Welfare s Politic / Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo analisar o processo de construção das trajetórias de vida das mulheres mediadas pela Assistência Social, no Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (Cras) Casa Verde, no território da Zona Norte de São Paulo. Partimos do pressuposto de que o trabalho do assistente social tem o privilé-gio de se aproximar do cotidiano de vida dessas sujeitas. Entendemos que as traje-tórias de vida das mulheres são condicionadas pelos determinantes de exploração do mundo do trabalho e de opressão de gênero, nas relações de produção e repro-dução social. Pesquisar sobre essa realidade é um caminho para fortalecer essas mulheres, suas famílias e o território enquanto espaço político de luta. Portanto, nossa hipótese centra-se em que as mulheres conseguem gestar/organizar sua vida cotidiana pela mediação da Assistência Social. A pesquisa pauta-se no referencial teórico-crítico e no uso da metodologia da História Oral, pois busca dar visibilidade às experiências e aos significados construídos pelas sujeitas políticas. Nosso posici-onamento ético-político é defender o reconhecimento da perspectiva de gênero pela Política da Assistência Social

Orientador: Anselmo Nogueira / Resumo: A variação no tamanho floral entre espécies vegetais interfere diretamente no grau de heteranteria e grau hercogamia dentro da flor, e pode favorecer a divisão de trabalho entre as anteras, diminuindo o conflito por pólen entre planta e polinizador. Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo principal é investigar como o tamanho floral modifica o processo de polinização e estratégia reprodutiva em duas espécies com tamanhos florais contrastantes: Chamaecrista desvauxii var. latistipula e Chamaecrista nictitans. Nossa hipótese é de que a morfologia das flores maiores de C. desvauxii var. latistipula com androceu evidentemente heteromórfico favoreça a divisão de trabalho, e a segurança reprodutiva nessas flores ocorra via anteras de polinização; enquanto que a morfologia das flores menores de Chamaecrista nictitans não favorece a divisão de trabalho entre as anteras e que a segurança reprodutiva e o conflito por pólen sejam superados pelo predomínio da autopolinização. Nossos resultados indicam que não ocorre divisão de trabalho entre os conjuntos das anteras em ambas as espécies, embora o heteranteria seja visível em C. desvauxii. Independente do tamanho das flores os diferentes conjuntos de anteras não diferem em atração visual para as abelhas. Já em flores menores de C. nictitans nossos resultados indicam a quebra da heteranteria e da hercogamia em um sistema mais generalista quando comparado a flores maiores de C. desvauxii var. latistipula. As flores pequenas de C. nictitans dependem ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The variation in floral size between plant species directly interferes with the degree of heteranthery and degree of hercogamy within the flower and may favor the division of labor between the anthers, reducing the conflict between plant pollen and pollinator. In this work, our primary objective is to investigate how the floral size modifies the pollination process and reproductive strategy in two species with contrasting floral sizes: Chamaecrista desvauxii var. latistipula and Chamaecrista nictitans. We hypothesize that the morphology of the larger flowers of C. desvauxii with evident anther dimorphism favors the division of labor, and reproductive security in these flowers occurs via pollination anthers. Alternatively, the morphology of the smaller flowers of C. nictitans does not favor the division of labor between the anthers and that reproductive security and pollen conflict are overcome by the predominance of self-pollination. Our results indicate that there is no division of labor between the anther sets in both species, although heteranthery is visible in C. desvauxii. Regardless of the size of the flowers, the different anther sets do not differ in visual attraction for the bees. In smaller flowers of C. nictitans, our results indicate the breakage of heteranthery and hercogamy into a more general system when compared to larger flowers of C. desvauxii. The small flowers of C. nictitans depend on auto pollen to achieve reproductive success, the same does not occur wi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Essa dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a valorização imobiliária pela prática dos agentes sociais em São Paulo da concepção do produto imobiliário à construção e apropriação com atenção aos conflitos que daí emergem. Procuramos apresentar alguns movimentos recentes na atividade imobiliária brasileira, mais especialmente em São Paulo, através da transformação das grandes empresas em sociedades por ação, o processo incipiente de centralização de capitais, a crescente participação de capital financeiro mundializado e a recomposição do sistema de crédito imobiliário no Brasil. Nesse contexto, a produção crescente de condomínios verticais padronizados, voltados para consumidores por segmento de renda, implica a reestruturação sócio-espacial aonde chega e, em última instância, a reestruturação da cidade. A produção capitalista do espaço historicamente baseou-se na prática social da propriedade privada da terra e construção na forma-canteiro, tais fundamentos implicam um processo de valorização particular. A construção se dá pela divisão manufatureira do trabalho que pressupõe a concepção anterior do produto fora do canteiro. Ao mesmo tempo, no âmbito urbano, a elevação dos preços de imóveis e terrenos aparece coordenando a (re)organização sócio-espacial pela distribuição de usos e determinação de quem pode se apropriar de que espaço e em que momento. Trata-se do fetichismo da forma-mercadoria exposto por Marx, mas de uma mercadoria especial o espaço como totalidade em fragmentos, propriedade imobiliária, meio de hierarquizar e segregar que toma forma de realidade autônoma (na aparência) da coisa do dinheiro. Hoje, cabe entendermos a origem da nuvem de capital fictício que paira sobre o mundo e parece se auto-alimentar como prática social no cotidiano do escritório, do canteiro de obras, da vida em mais um condomínio. Na era do capital fictício, a produção e apropriação da cidade, tendo como finalidade principal a valorização do capital, toma forma cada vez mais social ao se constituir na ação do conjunto da sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, anti-social ao rebaixar e quase eliminar do horizonte a possibilidade da construção (como obra) e da fruição da cidade pelos seus habitantes. / The object of study of this dissertation is the real estate appreciation through the practices of the social agents in Sao Paulo from the concept of real estate product to construction and appropriation focusing on the conflicts that emerge from there. We tried to present some recent movements in the Brazilian real estate business, more specifically in Sao Paulo, through the large companies becoming stock corporations, the incipient process of the centralization of capitals, the increasing participation of the globalized financial capital, and the rearrangement of the real estate credit system in Brazil. In this context, the increasing production of standardized apartment building developments, targeted at consumers by income segment, implies the socio-spatial restructuring where it arrives, and, in last instance, the restructuring of the city. The capitalist production of space has historically been based on the social practice of the private property of land and the construction in the worksite-form, and these principles imply a unique process of appreciation. The construction happens by means of the manufacturing division of labor, which presupposes the prior concept of the product outside the worksite. At the same time, in the urban sphere, the rising prices of the real estates and pieces of land appear coordinating the socio-spatial (re)organization through the distribution of uses and the determination of the ones who can appropriate what space and at what moment. This is the fetishism in commodity-form as explained by Marx, but of a special commodity the space as totality in fragments, real estate property, a means of hierarchizing and segregating which takes on the shape of autonomous reality (in the appearance) of money. Today, it is important that we understand the origin of the cloud of fictitious capital which hangs over the world and seems to self-feed as a social practice in the daily life of the office, of the worksite, of another development. In the era of fictitious capital, the production and appropriation of the city with the main objective of capital appreciation, becomes more and more social when it constitutes itself in the action of the whole of society and, at the same time, more anti-social when it reduces and almost eliminates of the horizon the possibility of the construction (as work) and the fruition of the city by its inhabitants.

O transporte rodoviário interestadual de passageiros no Brasil é uma atividade econômica dotada de função social porque é responsável por propiciar deslocamentos diários para dezenas de milhões de pessoas anualmente. Trata-se de uma expressão da divisão territorial do trabalho, pois elucida as interações entre diversos centros na rede urbana e entre variadas regiões, o que realça seu papel na integração territorial. No contexto da reestruturação produtiva ocorrida a partir da década de 1970 áreas nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Nordeste são integradas ao Centro-Sul do país configurando um mercado nacional unificado. O avanço da fronteira agrícola rumo ao Norte e ao Oeste cria novos usos do território em extensões até então pouco articuladas com o restante do país, como o norte matogrossense, o estado de Rondônia, o oeste baiano, o norte goiano, entre outras cada qual com suas particularidades, estas regiões se inserem com ritmos variados dentro do processo de expansão da agropecuária modernizada vinculada à produção de matérias-primas para o mercado externo. Tal processo modernizador demandou fluxos de migrantes advindos do Sul do Brasil, sobre os quais este trabalho se debruça, com destaque para as ligações rodoviárias interestaduais e inter-regionais com origem em centros da rede urbana do interior da região Sul, como Carazinho/RS e Cascavel/PR e se destinam aos novos polos regionais no Centro-Oeste, como Alta Floresta/MT e Sinop/MT bem como fora desta região: Barreiras/BA e Ji-Paraná/RO. O conjunto de ligações abarcado por esta pesquisa contempla trajetos com mais de 1.900 quilômetros de extensão formados por rotas inter-regionais que estão distantes da faixa costeira e tem como principais centros cidades como Brasília/DF, Campo Grande/MS, Cuiabá/MT e Goiânia/GO. Trata-se de uma circulação interiorizada pujante responsável pela manutenção de empresas de transporte interestadual de passageiros desde os primórdios das migrações rumo à fronteira agrícola, já que todas as companhias operantes atualmente são oriundas de centros locais e regionais sulistas. Para tanto a pesquisa delimitou eixos de circulação, com a finalidade de caracterizar a dinâmica dos fluxos para subsidiar a argumentação que sustenta a manutenção destas longas rotas pelo território nacional. / The Interstate passenger road transport in Brazil is an economic activity endowed with social function because it is responsible for providing daily shifts to tens of millions of people annually. This is an expression of the territorial division of labor, since it elucidates the interactions between several centers in the urban network and between different regions, which emphasizes its role in territorial integration. In the context of the productive restructuring occurred since the 1970s areas in the Centro- Oeste, Norte e Nordeste regions are integrated to the Centro-Sul of country configuring a unified national market. The advance of the agricultural frontier towards the North and the West creates new uses of the territory in extensions that are not very articulated with the rest of the country, such as the north of Mato Grosso, the state of Rondônia, the west of Bahia, the north of Goiás - each one with its peculiarities, these regions are inserted with varied rates within the process of expansion of modernized agriculture and cattle raising linked to the production of raw materials for the external market. This modernization process demanded flows of migrants from the Sul of Brazil, on which this work focuses, with emphasis on interstate and inter-regional road connections originating in urban centers in the interior of the South region, such as Carazinho/RS and Cascavel/PR and are destined to the new regional centers in the Midwest, such as Alta Floresta/MT and Sinop/MT and outside this region: Barreiras/BA and Ji-Paraná/RO. The set of links covered for this research contemplates routes with more than 1,900 kilometers of extension formed by interregional routes that are distant of the coastal strip and has as main centers cities as Brasília/DF, Campo Grande/MS, Cuiabá/MT e Goiânia/GO. This is an internalized circulation that is responsible for the maintenance of interstate passenger transport companies since the beginning of migrations towards the agricultural frontier, since all operating companies are currently from southern local and regional centers. To this end, the research has delimited axes of circulation, with the purpose of characterizing the dynamics of flows to subsidize the argumentation that sustains the maintenance of these long routes throughout the national territory.

A pesquisa tem como objeto o trabalho e as práticas de cuidado de crianças pequenas, a partir de diferentes processos e sujeitos que realizam essa atividade, gratuitamente nos domicílios ou como profissão. A tese se nutre da interdisciplinariedade própria à teoria feminista e, partindo dos estudos sociológicos sobre trabalho doméstico e de cuidado, constrói uma perspectiva de análise que integra contribuições da economia feminista. Apoia-se nas noções de divisão sexual do trabalho, imbricação das relações sociais de gênero, raça e classe, e na perspectiva da sustentabilidade da vida como instrumentos teóricos que orientam a análise. As diversas modalidades do trabalho de cuidar de crianças se manifestam em uma pluralidade de arranjos, interdependentes, mas também conflitantes e em permanente transformação. Em uma cidade profundamente desigual, como é São Paulo, Estado, mercados, família e comunidade integram a discussão a partir desta diversidade de arranjos, das conexões e dinâmicas entre os sujeitos, os trabalhos e as práticas sociais que sustentam o cuidado. Instituído na Constituição Federal de 1988, o direito à creche é uma reivindicação histórica que marcou a organização popular do feminismo brasileiro. De lá para cá, as creches foram integradas à política de educação, e verificou-se expansão significativa, mas aquém da demanda. Viu-se emergir uma camada profissionalizada de mulheres, com formação no ensino superior, que assumem o cuidado de crianças pequenas como professoras nas creches e pré-escolas. Estas são relativamente mais valorizadas e formalizadas que as que cuidam de crianças na vizinhança ou como trabalhadoras domésticas (babás). As mudanças relativas à composição do cuidado não transformam os princípios da separação, hierarquização e invisibilização nexos da divisão social, sexual e racial do trabalho , mas produzem deslocamentos: aproximam e distanciam mulheres e homens, e mulheres entre si. A análise confirma a indissociabilidade entre o cuidado direto e tudo o que precisa ser feito para garantir as condições de vida alimentação, limpeza , revelando permanências na dinâmica que separa e hierarquiza tais trabalhos, invisibilizando os trabalhos com menor valorização social e os sujeitos responsabilizados por eles. As dimensões do afeto, da dependência/autonomia, dos ritmos, atividades e da responsabilização pelo cuidar são aspectos com manifestações singulares no cuidar de crianças pequenas quando comparadas ao cuidado de idosos, que predomina nas análises contemporâneas sobre o trabalho de cuidado. A pesquisa evidencia que o ajuste entre as lógicas em conflito do capital e da sustentabilidade de vida se dá tanto no trabalho não remunerado (mulheres nas famílias), como no trabalho remunerado de diferentes responsáveis pelo cuidado que absorvem os impactos desse conflito em seus corpos e tempos. / This paper aims to investigate care practices and work with infant and toddler children, looking into several processes and individuals who carry out this activity, whether for free at households or as a paid occupation. The dissertation is established on the specific interdisciplinarity of feminist theory and, coming from sociological studies on care and domestic work, builds a perspective of analysis that integrates contributions from feminist economics. In this sense, the notions of sexual division of labor; the intersectionality of social relations based on gender, race, and class; and the sustainability of life constitute the theoretical framework of this research. The many different modalities of childcare is expressed in a myriad of arrangements that are interdependent, but also conflicting and continuously changing. In a deeply unequal city such as São Paulo, Brazil, the State, markets, the family, and the community integrate the conversation not as stagnant actors, but as part of this diversity of arrangements, the connections and dynamics between individuals, the works, and social practices that support care. Established in Brazils 1988 Constitution, the right to childcare has been historically on the agenda of peoples organization in Brazilian feminism. Since then, childcare centers have been integrated to education policies, and while there has been a significant increase in the number of daycare facilities, they are still not enough to satisfy the demand. A class of technically trained women with a higher education background take on the task of caring for infants and toddlers as teachers in childcare centers and preschools. They are relatively more appreciated and more formally employed than child caregivers who work in their own neighborhood or as domestic workers (nannies). The changes in care-related compositions do not change the principles of separation, hierarchization, and invisibilization as the nexus of social, sexual, and racial division of labor , but rather produce displacements: they bring women and men, and women with each other, closer together or drive them apart. The investigation demonstrates how care and everything that involves providing living conditions food, cleaning are intrinsically indissociable, showing what remains in the dynamics that separate and hierarchize those works, invisibilizing socially underappreciated works and the individuals who are responsible for them. The dimensions of affection, dependence/autonomy, paces, activities, and the assigning of responsibility for care are aspects that manifest in unique ways in childcare when compared to senior care, which prevails in contemporary investigations into care work. This research demonstrates that the adjustment between conflicting logics that of capital and that of the sustainability of life happens both in unpaid work (households) and paid labor of different caregivers who absorb the impacts of this conflicts between their bodies and times.

Fuelwood is a basic need for rural households in Malawi. However, deforestation has reduced the quantity of forest products such as fuelwood available to households. This has negatively affected rural Malawian quality of life, especially for women who are forced to walk long distances to collect fuelwood, prepare foods with short cooking times, or reduce the number of meals. The Malawi government has encouraged the establishment of household owned woodlots, as a part of reforestation programs, to address the supply side of the forest product scarcity. However, fuelwood supply and use is also a gender-based issue; men plant trees and make decisions over harvesting, while women gather and use fuelwood. Within the household, woodlot products also have multiple and competing uses between men and women. It is critical to examine how gender dynamics affect women's fuelwood procurement and use from the woodlot. This study investigated how gender of the household head and women's access to woodlots affects fuelwood shortage, controlling for number of trees, household size, and use of other fuels. Fifty-one female and sixty-three male-headed households with household owned woodlots were interviewed, using questionnaire and focus group interviews. Results show that one-third of both household types reported experiencing fuelwood shortages in the past year. Logistic regression indicates that gender of household head is an important factor, along with number of trees in the woodlot, in determining fuelwood sufficiency. Female-headed households were less likely to experience fuelwood shortage than male-headed households when the interaction with number of trees was included. Whether a woman in male-headed households must seek permission to harvest fuelwood, number of trees, and cooking with maize stalk were factors that predicted fuelwood shortage. Suggestions for several interventions to address fuelwood supply and access were included. Planting more trees in woodlots and use of fuelwood efficient stoves are two important strategies. It is important to address gender-specific priorities as they relate to woodlot use. This can be done through gender sensitizations that target program planners and male household heads. For successful programs, men and women should participate in both program planning and implementation. / Graduation date: 2003

The study aims to investigate the effects of married women&rsquo / s attachment security, caregiving styles, how they initiated marriage (i.e., love vs. arranged) and whether they have egalitarian or traditional marriage on their marital satisfaction and attachment figure transference to their husband. It is expected that attachment to spouse would be stronger and attachment functions would be transferred earlier in love marriages than arranged marriages. Moreover, caregiving styles, attachment security, and egalitarian structure of marriage are expected to predict transference of attachment functions to husbands and marital satisfaction. Married women (N = 204) filled out a questionnaire package including the measures of division of labor in house chores, significant people in their life, attachment anxiety and avoidance, caregiving styles, and marital satisfaction. A series of ANCOVA controlling for the duration of marriage was conducted to compare the participants with arranged and love marriages. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to predict attachment strength and satisfaction separately for love and arranged marriages. Results revealed no significant difference between arranged and love marriages on the strength and timing of attachment figure transference to spouse. In both types of marriage, sensitive and responsive caregiving styles and low attachment avoidance were associated with stronger attachment to spouse. Although those with egalitarian relationships reported higher levels of marital satisfaction in both love and arranged marriages, women with both egalitarian and love marriages reported the highest levels of marital satisfaction than those with traditional and love marriage. The findings were discussed considering cultural context and previous work.

在台灣數位遊戲產業規模呈現持續成長之際，隨著產業環境的變遷，卻也面臨許多的挑戰，如代理產品比例過高、遊戲研發人才不足、市場規模有限等。近年來，國內遊戲軟體業者紛紛進軍大陸，因此，本研究透過個案研究與深入訪談，探討國內四家遊戲廠商赴大陸投資動機、地點選擇、新產品開發兩岸分工模式，並比較兩岸遊戲研發人才之優劣，及大陸研發人才之任用與訓練等議題，得到發現如下： 一、台灣遊戲廠商赴大陸投資動機 (一)台灣遊戲廠商赴大陸投資的主要動機在於大陸遊戲市場的興起，其次為人力成本與取得的考量。 (二)大陸投資據點的選擇以遊戲研發人才取得容易為主要考量。 二、遊戲新產品開發策略 (一)遊戲軟體新產品的開發朝向網路多人使用化及多平台化發展。 (二)遊戲的開發組成專案團隊進行，遊戲企劃扮演靈魂人物角色。 三、兩岸分工模式 不同的公司，採用不同的分工方式： (一)採用兩岸水平分工者，依遊戲產品分類，各產品分別於兩岸研發；兩岸人員的交流主要來自於公司的正式會議。 (二)採取兩岸垂直分工者，將遊戲開發中美術的部份由大陸製作。 (三)兩岸遊戲研發人才比較：台灣的遊戲企劃優於大陸，美術設計兩岸各有專長，程式撰寫兩岸程度相差無幾。 四、大陸子公司人員任用與訓練控制機制 (一)大陸分公司之高階主管，偏好不當地化，主要派遣台籍幹部。 (二)減少研發人員的流動，提供內部升遷管道。 五、大陸投資動機與兩岸分工方式對於新產品開發之影響 (一)大陸投資主要動機影響遊戲新產品研發類型，主要動機為市場因素者著重於線上遊戲的研發，成本因素者另著重於電視遊樂器遊戲之研發。 (二)兩岸分工方式影響遊戲開發團隊專業成員的佈置，水平分工者，兩岸皆擁有完整的研發團隊，垂直分工者，研發團隊重心放在台灣。 / Taiwan's digital game industry faces a lot of challenges when they try to grow up. For example, there are too many imported products, short of research & development (R&D) manpower and the limited market scale. In recent years, many domestic companies move their factories to China. The purpose of this research is to find out the industrial firms’motive,location choice, new products development in Taiwan and China,to compare the R&D manpower between Taiwan and China,to understand how they employ the staff and design the training program, etc. The study selected four major Taiwanese game software companies as research subjects for case studies in depth. Preliminary research findings are as follows: I.The motive of Taiwanese game software companies invested in China: 1.The main motive to invest in China is the marketing raising. The second consideration is human resources and availabilities. 2.The choice of location is based on obtaining R&D manpower easily. II.New products development strategy: 1.The new game toward to multi-user and multi-platform on the network. 2.Forming project team for each new products development. III.The division of labor between Taiwan and China. Different company has way of division: 1.If the company adopts horizontal division way, it conducts R&D for different products separately between Taiwan and China. The communication between Taiwan and China is implemented through the company's formal meetings. 2.If the company adopts vertical division way,its drawing or artistic design of game production process is completed in China. 3.Compare the R&D manpower between Taiwan China:the game planning of Taiwan is superior to China, the artistic design each have specialty,the program writing degree is very nearly the same. IV.The employment and training in China subsidiary company: 1.The China subsidiary company prefers assigned its executive to be from Taiwan instead of local people. 2.To prevent the research staff from losing,the company provides the internal promotion system to local people. V.The impact of Investment motive and the division of labor between Taiwan and China on new product development. 1.The main motive influences the new products development. With a motive on local market,the firm will focus on the on-line games development; with a motive on cost consideration,the firm will focus on the TV games development. 2.The division of labor between Taiwan and China influences the allocation of R&D manpower. If the company adopts horizontal division way, it will have complete R&D team in both Taiwan and China. If the company adopts vertical division way, it will place its R&D center in Taiwan.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborgs Universitet, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-240).

Mémoire (M.E.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1986. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU