Mémoire en recherche-création. / Ce mémoire de recherche-création contient deux parties : un essai écrit, « Failure may be your style » et un long-métrage documentaire, Loin. Le documentaire à la première personne est un genre qui peut s’élargir à la vidéo en général, car les deux manifestent une subjectivité et ressemblent à la forme de l’essai par leurs aspects fragmentaires et incohérents. L’échec, ou le ratage, est un élément essentiel de cette branche du cinéma, car il permet d’émouvoir et de montrer ce qui aurait pu être jeté, ce qui se situe normalement hors-champs et hors-cinéma, ce qui crée des formes de punctum cinématographiques. L’autobiographie et l’autoethnographie peuvent alors se mélanger à la fiction et à la recherche universitaire au sein de ce cinéma au sens large. Ces démarches peuvent être vue comme faisant partie d’une anti-esthétique queer. Loin est un film documentaire à la première personne tourné et monté par l’autrice du texte. Il pourrait appartenir à cette esthétique queer du ratage et de l’échec. La réalisatrice s’entretient avec sa grand-mère française sur le passé, tout en montrant des fragments de sa vie quotidienne à Montréal. / This research-creation masters thesis contains two parts : a written essay, « Failure may be your style » and a feature-length documentary film, Loin. First person documentary is a genre that can be extended to video in general, because both express subjectivity and resemble the essayistic form due to their fragmentariness and incoherences. Failure is an essential element of this film category, because it can move the spectator by showing what could have been thrown away, what would have normally been situated off-camera and off-cinema, which can constitute forms of cinematographic punctum. Autobiography and autoethnography can combine with fiction and academic research in this vision of enlarged cinema. These approaches can be considered as part of a queer anti-aesthetic. Loin is a first-person documentary shot and edited by the author of the text. It could be inscribed in this queer aesthetic of failure. The director interviews her French grand-mother about the past while depicting fragments of her daily life in Montréal.

Dans cette thèse, nous analysons le Festival yougoslave du film documentaire et du court-métrage, dans le but de questionner la manière dont celui-ci a participé au processus de création d'une identité (nationale) commune dans deux contextes distincts et successifs – celui de la Yougoslavie socialiste multinationale (1943) et celui de la Yougoslavie postsocialiste, État serbe mono-national (1992). Parce qu’il montre des images de véritables personnes, des vrais lieux et des vraies situations, le documentaire, au lieu d'être perçu comme la vision artistique de la réalité, peut être confondu par le public avec la réalité elle-même. Dans cette optique, l'objectif de ce travail est de questionner à travers l'analyse des programmes du festival, le type de « réalité » qui était présenté aux différents publics à une époque marquée par la succession de deux régimes autoritaires, mais opposés sur le plan idéologique. L’analyse débute par la création du festival en 1954 et se conclue par son internationalisation en 2004. Il s’agit pour le festival, d’un adieu officiel à son passé yougoslave, plus d’une décennie après sa sortie effective du cadre yougoslave. / This thesis analyses the programs of the Yugoslav Documentary and Short Film Festival in order to examine how the festival participated in the creation of common (national) identities of two of its host-states – firstly, the multi-national socialist Yugoslavia (created in 1943) and secondly, the post-socialist Yugoslavia as a mono-national Serbian state (created in 1992). Due to its particular form, completely relying on the images ‘from the reality’ (real people, places and situations), the general audiences might tend to understand documentary cinema as a truthful representation of reality, instead of critically analyzing it as an artistic vision of reality. Bearing in mind the previous assessment, the study examines what kind of ‘reality’ was presented to the festival audiences in two distinct political periods, corresponding to the establishment of two different states, both born in wars, and both defined by authoritarian, but mutually opposing political regimes. The analysis starts with the creation of the festival in 1954 and ends with its internationalisation in 2004.

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Abstract The objective of this artistic research has been to reflect on the conditions forfilmmakers in Sweden and identify expectations, contradictions and subjectpositions available for myself within this discursive field. As a point of departure,I use three letters of rejection that I have received during my two years as astudent at the Stockholm University of the Arts. The first rejection centers what experiences can be imagined for me, as animmigrant filmmaker. It juxtaposes experiences made in Iran and Sweden asopposite and impossible to combine. The second rejection is in relation to contentand story-telling, which raises questions about translation as a dimension of filmproduction. In this section, I argue that while it is my intention to make experiencesof hyper-absurdity in Iran penetrable for an audience in Sweden, too muchconcern over the audience may deteriorate the artistic process. The third rejectionconstructs myself and my fellow director as immigrant others, scrutinizing ourability to make a film in Swedish, about Swedish subjects. In this section, Iexplore the meaning of diaspora and how it shapes the conditions of filmproduction. The artistic research is summarized in the final section where I suggest anumber of strategies forward in order to move away from the taken-for-grantedrole of immigrant filmmaker(s). Key concepts: documentary film, diaspora, translation

489 Days is an animated documentary about the harrowing experiences of Egyptian-American Mohamed Soltan, who survived 16 months of hunger strike in an Egyptian prison. Caught up in the political turmoil which followed the Arab Spring uprisings, Soltan was unjustly incarcerated between August 2013 and May 2015, when the United States government intervened to release him weeks after an Egyptian court sentenced him to life in prison. The film is also the larger story of an estimated 60,000 political detainees currently held in Egypt without due process, and in violation of local and international human rights conventions.

Considering the current skepticism surrounding the impact and efficacy of nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations, some believe that a unique category of innovator known as the social entrepreneur may be society’s best hope for bringing innovative, scalable, and systemic solutions to bear on the world’s most intractable problems. Social entrepreneurs, as defined by Ashoka, have a unique set of characteristics that determine not only how they move within the world of social change-making but also how they communicate their ideas and mission to the public. This exploratory study reviewed how social entrepreneurs currently use documentary film and visual media in their communications strategy and public relations practice, what that tells us about the emerging culture of social entrepreneurs, and whether documentary, as defined by John Grierson, is an appropriate tool for these organizations. The author interviewed three founders, three communications professionals, and three filmmakers associated with social entrepreneurial organizations and observed a course for student filmmakers learning to make documentaries for social entrepreneurs. The findings of this study suggested that social entrepreneurs used documentary film as a communications tool when it aligned with their stated missions and goals but that cost, time, and control were significant barriers to implementation. Additionally, social entrepreneurs in all phases of development exhibited a unique set of cultural characteristics that interacted with the intent, content, and effect of their films in both positive and negative ways. The author also noted three distinct levels of filmmaker involvement with social entrepreneurial organizations that impacted the intent, content, and effect of their respective films. These levels of involvement are described as collaborative, independent, and interdependent. While the author offers some provocative observations about the role of documentary in social entrepreneurial organizations, this study remains exploratory in nature. She suggests several additional avenues of research that may further the scholarly conversation and continue to shed light on documentary film as communication for and by social entrepreneurs.

I denna uppsats har jag undersökt arbetsprocessen bakom filmklippning med Donald A. Schöns teorier om praktisk reflexiv analys som utgångspunkt. Analysen tog stöd i teorier kopplade till filmklippning och filmteori. Anteckningar som gjorts under arbetsprocessen utgör forskningsunderlaget i uppsatsen. Scenen som jag har arbetat med är öppningsscenen från min dokumentärfilm Samlardjävulen. Filmen i sin helhet var även min medieproduktion och presentationen av den finns bifogad efter uppsatsen. Arbetsprocessen undersöktes genom att utgå från Schöns begrepp och formuleringar vilket synliggjorde viktiga och komplexa delar av arbetet med att redigera film. Resultatet visade att Schöns teorier kan användas för att beskriva arbetsprocessen bakom filmklippning på ett ingående sätt, men teorierna har också visat sig ha svagheter gällande möjligheten att beskriva vissa typer av praktiska handlingar. Uppsatsen avslutas med en diskussion och förslag på vidare forskning. / In this essay, I have examined the process of film editing using Donald A. Schön's theories of practical reflective analysis. The analysis drew on theories related to film editing and film theory, and the research data consisted of notes taken during the editing process. The scene that I have been working on is the opening scene from my documentary film Samlardjävulen. This film was also the project that I completed during my final semester. The presentation of the film can be found in this file, after the essay. By applying Schön's theories on the work process, the study revealed important and complex aspects of editing film. The results showed that Schön's theories can be used to describe the process of film editing in detail, however, I concluded that the theories have certain weaknesses when it comes to describing some types of practical actions. The essay concludes with a discussion and possible options for further research.

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