For energy utilities faced with expanded jurisdictional energy efficiency requirements and pursuing demand-side management (DSM) incentive programs in the large industrial sector, performance incentive programs can be an effective means to maximize the reliability of planned energy savings. Performance incentive programs balance the objectives of high participation rates with persistent energy savings by: (1) providing financial incentives and resources to minimize constraints to investment in energy efficiency, and (2) requiring that incentive payments be dependent on measured energy savings over time. As BC Hydro increases its DSM initiatives to meet the Clean Energy Act objective to reduce at least 66 per cent of new electricity demand with DSM by 2020, the utility is faced with a higher level of DSM risk, or uncertainties that impact the cost-effective acquisition of planned energy savings. For industrial DSM incentive programs, DSM risk can be broken down into project development and project performance risks. Development risk represents the project ramp-up phase and is the risk that planned energy savings do not materialize due to low customer response to program incentives. Performance risk represents the operational phase and is the risk that planned energy savings do not persist over the effective measure life. DSM project development and performance risks are, in turn, a result of industrial economic, technological and organizational conditions, or DSM risk factors. In the BC large industrial sector, and characteristic of large industrial sectors in general, these DSM risk factors include: (1) capital constraints to investment in energy efficiency, (2) commodity price volatility, (3) limited internal staffing resources to deploy towards energy efficiency, (4) variable load, process-based energy saving potential, and (5) a lack of organizational awareness of an operation’s energy efficiency over time (energy performance). This research assessed the capacity of alternative performance incentive program models to manage DSM risk in BC. Three performance incentive program models were assessed and compared to BC Hydro’s current large industrial DSM incentive program, Power Smart Partners – Transmission Project Incentives, itself a performance incentive-based program. Together, the selected program models represent a continuum of program design and implementation in terms of the schedule and level of incentives provided, the duration and rigour of measurement and verification (M&V), energy efficiency measures targeted and involvement of the private sector. A multi criteria assessment framework was developed to rank the capacity of each program model to manage BC large industrial DSM risk factors. DSM risk management rankings were then compared to program cost-effectiveness, targeted energy savings potential in BC and survey results from BC industrial firms on the program models. The findings indicate that the reliability of DSM energy savings in the BC large industrial sector can be maximized through performance incentive program models that: (1) offer incentives jointly for capital and low-cost operations and maintenance (O&M) measures, (2) allow flexible lead times for project development, (3) utilize rigorous M&V methods capable of measuring variable load, process-based energy savings, (4) use moderate contract lengths that align with effective measure life, and (5) integrate energy management software tools capable of providing energy performance feedback to customers to maximize the persistence of energy savings. While this study focuses exclusively on the BC large industrial sector, the findings of this research have applicability to all energy utilities serving large, energy intensive industrial sectors. / Graduate

Proefschrift Maastricht. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Engels.

The upcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) will change how Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is characterized by going from a twoactor hierarchical model to a unidimensional disorder. In addition, the number of criteria needed are being reduced—which may increase AUD prevalence rates. The present study examines how these changes will impact college students as compared to their non-college attending peers. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires about their alcohol use and what criteria they meet, a daily functioning questionnaire, and a measure to determine their willingness to engage in risky behaviors. Results indicate that college students will show a disproportionate increase in diagnoses, even though college students who meet criteria show no significant differences in functional impairment compared to students who do not meet criteria. These results suggest that the new criteria may not be a good indicator of AUD presence for college students.

No description available.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o percurso histórico da classificação psiquiátrica Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Os deslizamentos taxonômicos desde sua primeira forma, o Autismo Precoce, nas cinco versões de um dos principais sistemas de classificação psiquiátricas utilizados no Brasil, o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM), trouxeram impactos socioeconômicos, éticos e políticos que merecem ser observados com cautela. Essa nova forma de diagnosticar o autismo não se mostrou nada sutil, uma vez que se trata de uma categoria nosográfica muito abrangente e que trouxe consigo uma epidemia de diagnósticos de TEA. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foram utilizadas as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Na discussão final, propomos, com base na investigação realizada, um olhar crítico para a comodificação da psicopatologia denominada TEA / The purpose of this research is to investigate the historical path of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) psychiatric classification. The nomenclature changes since its initial form, Autism Infantile, contained in the five versions of one of the main psychiatric classification systems used in Brazil, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) have generated socio-economic, ethical and political impacts that need be carefully analyzed. This new method of diagnosing autism has proven to be not subtle at all, since it pertains to a very comprehensive nosographic category and which gave rise to an epidemic of ASD diagnoses. In order to meet such purpose, we used bibliographic and documentary researches. In the final discussion we propose, from the investigation conducted, a critical analysis on the commodification of the psychopathology referred to as ASD

We evaluate the long-term test–retest reliability and procedural validity of phobia diagnoses in the UM-CIDI, the version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, used in the US National Co-morbidity Survey (NCS) and a number of other ongoing large-scale epidemiological surveys. Test–retest reliabilities of lifetime diagnoses of simple phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia over a period between 16 and 34 months were K = 0·46, 0·47, and 0·63, respectively. Concordances with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) were K = 0·45, 0·62, and 0·63, respectively. Diagnostic discrepancies with the SCID were due to the UM-CIDI under-diagnosing. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that modification of UM-CIDI coding rules could dramatically improve cross-sectional procedural validity for both simple phobia (K = 0·57) and social phobia (K = 0·95). Based on these results, it seems likely that future modification of CIDI questions and coding rules could lead to substantial improvements in diagnostic validity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a estruturação do diagnóstico de Transtorno de Personalidade. Inicialmente, o trabalho percorre o território conceitual com o qual, desde sua origem na passagem do século XVIII para o XIX, a psiquiatria procurou nomear, explicar e compreender as personalidades consideradas anormais. Em seguida promove-se uma discussão acerca das concepções de personalidade, normalidade e patologia que circunscrevem a categoria, orientada a partir do estudo de seus diferentes modelos diagnósticos presentes no DSM-5. Por fim busca-se compreender a relevância atual do diagnóstico de transtorno de personalidade através da análise de alguns exemplos de seu uso em contextos médico, legal e literário. O objetivo é o de entrever o lugar ocupado por esse diagnóstico, especialmente o do tipo Antissocial, no imaginário cultural presente. / This work analyzes the processes through which the diagnosis of personality disorder has been structured. First, it covers the conceptual territory through which, from its origin in the passage of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, psychiatry sought to name, to explain and to understand the so called abnormal personalities. This first step is followed by comments on the concepts of personality, normality and pathology that take part in the construction of this psychiatric category as it exists today. In order to do this, the structure of different diagnostic models present in the DSM-5 is analyzed. Finally, we seek to understand the current relevance of the diagnosis of personality disorder by taking into consideration examples of its use in medical, legal and literary contexts, in order to shed some light over the place occupied by this diagnosis, especially the anti-social type, in todays cultural landscape.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a estruturação do diagnóstico de Transtorno de Personalidade. Inicialmente, o trabalho percorre o território conceitual com o qual, desde sua origem na passagem do século XVIII para o XIX, a psiquiatria procurou nomear, explicar e compreender as personalidades consideradas anormais. Em seguida promove-se uma discussão acerca das concepções de personalidade, normalidade e patologia que circunscrevem a categoria, orientada a partir do estudo de seus diferentes modelos diagnósticos presentes no DSM-5. Por fim busca-se compreender a relevância atual do diagnóstico de transtorno de personalidade através da análise de alguns exemplos de seu uso em contextos médico, legal e literário. O objetivo é o de entrever o lugar ocupado por esse diagnóstico, especialmente o do tipo Antissocial, no imaginário cultural presente. / This work analyzes the processes through which the diagnosis of personality disorder has been structured. First, it covers the conceptual territory through which, from its origin in the passage of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, psychiatry sought to name, to explain and to understand the so called abnormal personalities. This first step is followed by comments on the concepts of personality, normality and pathology that take part in the construction of this psychiatric category as it exists today. In order to do this, the structure of different diagnostic models present in the DSM-5 is analyzed. Finally, we seek to understand the current relevance of the diagnosis of personality disorder by taking into consideration examples of its use in medical, legal and literary contexts, in order to shed some light over the place occupied by this diagnosis, especially the anti-social type, in todays cultural landscape.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o percurso histórico da classificação psiquiátrica Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Os deslizamentos taxonômicos desde sua primeira forma, o Autismo Precoce, nas cinco versões de um dos principais sistemas de classificação psiquiátricas utilizados no Brasil, o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM), trouxeram impactos socioeconômicos, éticos e políticos que merecem ser observados com cautela. Essa nova forma de diagnosticar o autismo não se mostrou nada sutil, uma vez que se trata de uma categoria nosográfica muito abrangente e que trouxe consigo uma epidemia de diagnósticos de TEA. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foram utilizadas as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Na discussão final, propomos, com base na investigação realizada, um olhar crítico para a comodificação da psicopatologia denominada TEA / The purpose of this research is to investigate the historical path of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) psychiatric classification. The nomenclature changes since its initial form, Autism Infantile, contained in the five versions of one of the main psychiatric classification systems used in Brazil, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) have generated socio-economic, ethical and political impacts that need be carefully analyzed. This new method of diagnosing autism has proven to be not subtle at all, since it pertains to a very comprehensive nosographic category and which gave rise to an epidemic of ASD diagnoses. In order to meet such purpose, we used bibliographic and documentary researches. In the final discussion we propose, from the investigation conducted, a critical analysis on the commodification of the psychopathology referred to as ASD

I detta kandidatexamensarbete som skrivits inom ämnet systemarkitektur undersöktes och besvarades ett antal frågeställningar som berör området. Projektets syfte var att undersöka användningen av DSM och forskningsverktyget IGTA++, som är en MATLAB-baserad algoritm. Kan de nämnda hjälpmedlen användas för att modularisera redan färdiga produkter, produkter med höga prestandakrav och specifika användningsområden och kan samma metod användas för olika produkter är frågor som besvaras. Genom att välja tre produkter med skilda användningsområden, krav på prestanda och precision samt olika produktarkitekturer som sedan monterades isär och studerades besvarades frågorna. De tre produkterna som valdes var en tryckluftsdriven mutterdragare som förlitar sig mycket på mekanik, en borrmaskin som har både elektriska komponenter och mekaniska kopplingar och en haptikenhet vars funktion beror mycket av den elektroniska signalstyrningen. Analyser av de ingående komponenterna resulterade i DSM:er för vardera produkt. Därefter klustrades dessa i MATLAB med IGTA++ för att få förslag på moduler. Modulerna studerades och det konstaterades att resultaten duger men behöver efterarbete för att bli fullständigt användbara. Projektets slutsatser blev därför att IGTA++ fungerar bra som ett hjälpmedel vid modularisering men kräver efterarbete för att uppnå önskat resultat. Algoritmen fungerar även på olika sorters produktarkitekturer och de varierande resultaten beror på produkternas komplexitet. Det går även att använda IGTA++ på redan färdiga produkter för att helt eller delvis modularisera. / This is a Bachelor Thesis within the subject of system architecture and was written in Swedish. In this thesis, the purpose and deliverables were to investigate and answer the given questions regarding the subject system architecture. The projects purpose is to study the use of DSM and the newly developed research tool IGTA++, a MATLAB based algorithm. Can the mentioned tools be used for modularization of already existing products and can products with high demands on performance and specific areas of use be modularized with the same method are the questions that will be answered. By choosing three products with different areas of use, demands on performance and precision but also different product architectures and then taking them apart and studying the components and their interactions, the questions were answered. The three chosen products were a pneumatic nutrunner relying heavily on mechanics to fulfill its purpose, a drilling machine using both electronics and mechanics and lastly a haptic unit whose function depend on electronic signals. Analyzes of the products components resulted in DSM:s for each product. Thereafter the DSM:s were clustered in MATLAB using IGTA++ to obtain suggestions on how the products should be modularized. The suggested modules were analyzed and it was seen that the results are sufficient but require some work to be useful. The conclusions of the project are that IGTA++ serves as an aiding tool when modularizing but demands post algorithm work to achieve desired results. The algorithm can be applied to different types of product architectures and variations in the results are related to the products complexity. IGTA++ can also be used for already existing products to completely or partially modularize.