合縱連橫的網絡關係，是台灣中小型企業為主的生存方式；義氣、信任與創業精神更普遍出現於企業主身上，在台灣以網絡關係構成的生產協力體系中，呈現出的準時交期、低廉成本、與面對高度環境變動之能力，更是台灣競爭的優勢與生存的利基。 故本研究主要目的為試圖瞭解企業網絡動態變化之情形與各種影響因素，以及企業網絡對偶關係、企業所處之網絡結構、企業所處之外在環境中，三者兩兩互動之變化與各種影響關係。 第二章為文獻回顧，整理與回顧過去相關學者之看法。第一節，針對網絡之相關概念，定義本研究所使用之網絡關係(對偶關係)與網絡結構；第二節探討網絡型態形成之原因，瞭解在何種情況下會有網絡型態組織，與企業選擇各種型態網絡結構之利益所在；第三節則在瞭解各種不同的網絡交易內涵與各種不同的網絡型態；第四節在瞭解網絡結構與網絡關係過去學者衡量之方式；第五節則在於瞭解網絡關係產生變化之原因與各種影響因素，如網絡結構、外在環境等因素；第六節在說明企業之網絡策略型態。 第三章為研究方法，第一節本研究提出研究架構，參考Ring & Van de Ven與第二章之文獻整理發展出之研究架構；第二節說明研究架構中的研究變數；第三傑說明本研究之研究設計，使讀者對於本研究之如何獲得研究結論與資料蒐集之過程；第四節描述本研究之研究流程；第五節說明本研究之限制，提醒讀者本研究之結論的各種限制性。 第四章描述個案公司，第一節到第八節分別各為一家個案公司，透過其網絡關係之各種描繪，來說明企業網絡動態之變化情形與影響因素，第九節為個案之整理。 第五章為命題發展，將第四章之內容按照第三章之研究架構進行分析，並且參照過去學者們提出的理論，歸納出廠商的網絡變化過程，並說明齊備後理由與因素及各項涵義。 第六章第一節，藉由回答第一章研究目的中所提出的問題，彙整說明本研究的主要結論；第二節就本研究過程中，針對研究主題所發現之現象提出實務上之策略建議，期能對企業界的網路策略管理有所助益；第三節根據個人研究的心得與經驗，提出對研究對象及研究內容上的建議，以供後續相關研究參考。

台北都會區正在面臨轉型，由於老舊建築的生活機能不佳、公共設施也不足，加上安全防災不齊全，所以民間和政府都積極參與都市更新，讓市容煥然一新。這不單只是硬體上拆除重建或建築翻新而已，而是要展現各地方獨特風格形式與魅力，進一步帶動經濟活力，提供下一波成長的競爭力，讓城市每個角落呈現更多創意的嶄新面貌。面對此一目的，本研究希望從此一方向進行探索性研究，探討在都市重生過程中，有時限的閒置空間如何再作利用，帶給企業或機關學校延展性的資源，產生競爭優勢，並且讓空間到期之後，還能順利讓空間重生，提供城市成長的競爭力。 關於再生空間，國內外均有許多實例以文創產業活化閒置空間的案例，但此類再生空間都是以永續經營發展為目標，對於有時限的空間再利用，則鮮少著墨，因此本研究希望了解(1)空間經營組織該如何以文創事業導入都市再生過程中的閒置土地? (2)以文創事業導入都市再生過程中的閒置土地再生空間樣貌為何? (3)空間經營組織在經營再生空間之後，如何建立核心資源?本研究藉由文獻次級資料與報章雜誌的回顧分析，並以都市再生空間為基礎發展出個案研究的基礎架構。選擇之代表研究對象為尚處初步階段的案例，包括城中藝術街區和127公店，希望透過本研究，能給台北都會區發展轉型實務與學術的發展。 本研究初步結論包括：(1) 各組織在動態網絡中，擷取彼此優勢，互賴繁衍生長。(2) 對於使用有年限的再生空間，文創事業不以一般營利為主要導向，給予產業更多靈感。(3)文創事業體的成長是空間經營組織的核心資源。本論文最後進一步提出實務上待克服之地方及後續研究上的建議。 / Due to poor life function of the old buildings, including shortage of public facilities, incomplete security disaster prevention system, and Taipei metropolitan area is force to face urban regeneration which is encouraged by local government and locals. As to the process of urban regeneration, this does not just demolish the old building or reconstruction on the renovation itself, but to show the form of local unique style and charm, to further promote economic vitality by providing growth competitiveness. Therefore, this study wants to be a base for following research in this topic. There are lots of examples of reusing vacant spaces among domestic and foreign countries, but the goal of managing these spaces is making them sustainable. As for reusing time-limited space, the discussion is not mentioned a lot. The purpose of this study is to understand (1) how do organizations that run the vacant spaces cooperate with culture creative industries during urban regeneration process? And what are their relations? (2) What are the space characteristics during culture and creative industry into urban regeneration process? (3) What are the benefits for the organization participating in urban regeneration, and how can the organizations build core resource such as core competence? Through reviewing of secondary data such as literature newspapers and magazines, this study derives the research structure. The cases of this study are still in the initial stage, including UrbanCore Arts Block and store no. 127. This study is hoping to give Taipei metropolitan area practical and academic development in urban regeneration process. The study finds: By cooperation with culture and creative business, companies and organizations learn to develop human resources as the main target. Also, as for time-limited space, cultural and creative business is not lean to consumer-oriented, but to give industry more inspiration. Finally, the growth of cultural creative business is also the core resource for the organizations that run the vacant space. In the end, this paper further proposes difficulties on local practice and recommendations on the follow-up study.

Το ερευνητικό αντικείμενο και ο στόχος της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η πρόταση μιας ολοκληρωμένης λύσης για την υποστήριξη τηλεπικοινωνιακών εφαρμογών σε ασύρματα δίκτυα τα οποία δεν στηρίζονται σε σταθερές δικτυακές υποδομές. Ένα τέτοιο δίκτυο, το οποίο αναφέρεται στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία ως Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), είναι ένα αυτο-οργανώσιμο αυτο-σχηματιζόμενο ασύρματο δίκτυο με διαδρομές πολλαπλών τμημάτων (multi-hop), όπου η δομή του δικτύου αλλάζει δυναμικά λόγω της κινητικότητας των κόμβων ή αλλαγές στην τοπολογία. Η αρχιτεκτονική που προτείνεται για την ικανοποίηση των τιθέμενων απαιτήσεων στηρίζεται στην ανάπτυξη ενός ολοκληρωμένου επικοινωνιακού αρχιτεκτονικού πλαισίου για MANET δίκτυα το οποίο περιλαμβάνει μηχανισμούς μείωσης της κατανάλωσης ενέργειας που οφείλεται σε επικοινωνιακές λειτουργίες, την ανάπτυξη ενός εξειδικευμένου πρωτοκόλλου δρομολόγησης, τροποποιήσεις του πρωτοκόλλου TCP στο επίπεδο μεταφοράς και την υλοποίηση ενός νέου πρωτόκολλου διαχείρισης δικτύου. Η απόδοση της προτεινόμενης επικοινωνιακής διαστρωμάτωσης είναι υψηλή σε περιβάλλον με μεγάλη κινητικότητα των κόμβων και δυναμική αλλαγή της τοπολογίας ενώ παράλληλα η κατανάλωση ενέργειας των κόμβων παραμένει σχετικά χαμηλή. Οι αλγόριθμοι και τα πρωτοκόλλα που παρουσιάζονται σχεδιάστηκαν και υλοποιήθηκαν λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τους περιορισμούς και τις απαιτήσεις ενός ενσωματωμένου συστήματος, ενώ η απόδοση και αξιοπιστία τους τεκμηριώνονται θεωρητικά και με εξομοιώσεις. / The research objective of this thesis is a complete solution so as to support the implementation of telecommunication applications in wireless networks that operate without the presence of fixed infrastructure. Such a network, cited as Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) in international literature, is a self-organized, auto-configured wireless network with multi-hop routing paths where its structure is modified dynamically due to node mobility and topological changes. In order to meet the above requirements a new communication framework for MANET networks is presented, which consists of the adaptation of communication-related energy reduction techniques, development of a specialized routing protocol at the network layer, modifications of the TCP protocol at the transport layer and the implementation of a novel network management protocol. The performance of the proposed protocol stack is satisfactory in dynamic network topologies with increased node mobility, whereas the node energy consumption remains in low levels. The presented algorithms and protocols are designed and implemented considering the constraints and requirements of an embedded system, while their performance and reliability is proved theoretically and by simulation results.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18582号 / 工博第3943号 / 新制||工||1606(附属図書館) / 31482 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 加藤 直樹, 教授 門内 輝行, 教授 神吉 紀世子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo para reconhecer e reproduzir padrões de viagens encadeadas a pé. O processo de modelagem foi conduzido através da aplicação das técnicas das Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs), utilizando-se de uma rede estática MLP e de rede dinâmica Elman. A análise do desempenho do modelo foi baseada nos dados de uma pesquisa de Origem-Destino realizada, em 1987, pelo METRÔ-SP na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Na modelagem foi fixado o modo de viagem a pé, e, na abordagem seqüencial, padrões de viagens individuais foram representados em termos de dois componentes: duração da viagem e tipo de atividades. A análise foi realizada partindo da classificação geral e específica para cada segmento do encadeamento de viagens, o que permitiu a comparação dos resultados entre padrões de viagens observados e os reproduzidos pelas redes. Na classificação geral, cinco dos padrões previstos com maior freqüência pelas RNAs representaram em média 58,9% dos indivíduos no conjunto de dados usado para testar o desempenho do modelo. Para o vetor de duas e quatro viagens, as redes neurais reproduziram 50% das durações de viagem e 90% das atividades, tais como Trabalho e Escola. Embora esses resultados não pareçam muito robustos, não significa que eles estejam errados. As porcentagens acima representam a probabilidade de uma pessoa realizar viagens com aquelas durações ou tipo de atividades. / The main objective of this work was to develop a model for recognizing and reproduzing trip-chaining patterns by walk. The process of modeling was conducted applying the techniques of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), by using one of the static networks MLP and the Elman dynamic network. The analysis of the performance of the model was based on the origin-destination home-interview survey carried out by METRÔ-SP in São Paulo Metropolitan Area in 1987. The mode of trip by walk was fixed in the model, and, in the sequential approach, individual travel patterns were represented in terms of two components: trip duration and activity type. The analysis was accomplished starting from the general and specific classifications for each segment of the chained trips, which allowed the comparison of the results between the observed travel patterns and reproduced ones through ANNs. In general classification, 5 of the patterns most frequently predicted by the ANNs represented 58.9% of the individuals in the dataset used for testing the model performance. For the vectors of two and four trips, the neural networks reproduced 50% of trip durations and 90% of the activities, such as work and school. Although those results seem not so robust, it does not mean that they are wrong. The percentages above represent the probability of a person making trips with those durations or type of activities.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo para reconhecer e reproduzir padrões de viagens encadeadas a pé. O processo de modelagem foi conduzido através da aplicação das técnicas das Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs), utilizando-se de uma rede estática MLP e de rede dinâmica Elman. A análise do desempenho do modelo foi baseada nos dados de uma pesquisa de Origem-Destino realizada, em 1987, pelo METRÔ-SP na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Na modelagem foi fixado o modo de viagem a pé, e, na abordagem seqüencial, padrões de viagens individuais foram representados em termos de dois componentes: duração da viagem e tipo de atividades. A análise foi realizada partindo da classificação geral e específica para cada segmento do encadeamento de viagens, o que permitiu a comparação dos resultados entre padrões de viagens observados e os reproduzidos pelas redes. Na classificação geral, cinco dos padrões previstos com maior freqüência pelas RNAs representaram em média 58,9% dos indivíduos no conjunto de dados usado para testar o desempenho do modelo. Para o vetor de duas e quatro viagens, as redes neurais reproduziram 50% das durações de viagem e 90% das atividades, tais como Trabalho e Escola. Embora esses resultados não pareçam muito robustos, não significa que eles estejam errados. As porcentagens acima representam a probabilidade de uma pessoa realizar viagens com aquelas durações ou tipo de atividades. / The main objective of this work was to develop a model for recognizing and reproduzing trip-chaining patterns by walk. The process of modeling was conducted applying the techniques of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), by using one of the static networks MLP and the Elman dynamic network. The analysis of the performance of the model was based on the origin-destination home-interview survey carried out by METRÔ-SP in São Paulo Metropolitan Area in 1987. The mode of trip by walk was fixed in the model, and, in the sequential approach, individual travel patterns were represented in terms of two components: trip duration and activity type. The analysis was accomplished starting from the general and specific classifications for each segment of the chained trips, which allowed the comparison of the results between the observed travel patterns and reproduced ones through ANNs. In general classification, 5 of the patterns most frequently predicted by the ANNs represented 58.9% of the individuals in the dataset used for testing the model performance. For the vectors of two and four trips, the neural networks reproduced 50% of trip durations and 90% of the activities, such as work and school. Although those results seem not so robust, it does not mean that they are wrong. The percentages above represent the probability of a person making trips with those durations or type of activities.

對於零碎且結構複雜的資料來源時，社會網路分析能夠給予整體性的觀察，還能檢視個體之間的關係。目前社會網路分析研究中，因為將網路退化至簡單連結關係，所以會遺失許多珍貴的資訊。而網路規模和型態隨著研究議題的不同，也會跟著增大或趨於多變，但動態網路分析能夠提供我們檢視每個時期，網路的變化或社群的形成或消失，甚至能知道節點間的互動影響。本論文研究，以政府人事異動資料為主，並且加入了其他政府組織的相關資料，建構出政府組織的從屬網路，並在每個網路快照中，擷取出重要的官員異動；每一筆人事異動都是一個事件的發生，而特任或簡任官員在本研究中視為重要事件，從這些重要事件的發生，我們能夠對每個時間的官員，使用EventRank的演算法做排名計算。最後能從時間的變化中，觀察出每個時期的佔有重要影響力的官員。 / To fragmented and complex structure data, social network analysis (SNA) can give an overall observation, but also view the relationship between individuals. Recent research in SNA is the degradation of the network link to a simple relationship but it will lose a lot of valuable information. The size and type of network with different research topics will follow the increase or rapidly changing, dynamic network analysis can provide our view of changes in the network or community to form or disappear in every period, even know the impact of the interaction between nodes. This thesis is based on the government official changes and other related data to construct manager-subordinate network of the government organization and capture the important interactions between officials in every network snapshot. An official change is the occurrence of an event and special level official changes in this study as a critical event. From these critical events, we can use the Event Rank algorithm to rank the officials. Finally, we can observe which official has more influence from the time changes.

No description available.

In der Netzwerkgesellschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts gilt die kollaborative Verteilung und Nutzung von Information und Wissen als Schlüsselstrategie für den webbasierten Informations- und Wissenstransfer. Durch die technologischen Möglichkeiten werden technische Zugangsbarrieren weitestgehend überwunden und traditionelle Formen der Wissensvermittlung durch moderne webbasierte Lernumgebungen ergänzt. Der Umgang mit kollaborativen Lehr- und Lernszenarien im dynamischen Informations- und Wissenstransfer bildet die Grundlage für den soziokulturellen Fortschritt innerhalb der Bildungsforschung. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit lag auf der strukturellen und relationalen Analyse sozialer Organisationsstrukturen innerhalb von Wissensnetzwerken. Ziel war es, Einflussfaktoren offenzulegen, die sich auf das Innovations- und Distributionspotential von Information und Wissen innerhalb von kollaborativen Wissensnetzwerken auswirken. Es wurden dazu Interaktionsprozesse von Teilnehmern innerhalb von Diskussionsforen am Beispiel der Lernplattform OPAL – dem aktuell populärsten Lernmanagementsystem in der Hochschulbildung Sachsens, Deutschland – untersucht. Unter der Annahme, dass soziale Interaktion besonders im Umgang mit kollaborativen Medien den Bildungsablauf und der Aufbau von Wissensnetzwerken die Lehr- und Lernprozesse beeinflusst, wurden in dieser Arbeit die strukturellen Bedingungen des kollaborativen Wissensnetzwerkes in OPAL exploriert und soziale Rollenkonstrukte relational identifiziert, um die Auswirkungen kollaborativer Aktivitäten auf den Informations- und Wissenstransfer in Wissensnetzwerken zu erklären. Es wurden vornehmlich beziehungsorientierte kommunikationstheoretische Modelle zugrunde gelegt und relationale Forschungsmethoden wie SNA (Social Network Analysis) und DNA (Dynamic Network Analysis) angewandt, um eine Basis für die weiterführende Implementierung sozial vernetzter Lehr- und Lernstrategien in der Bildungsforschung zu schaffen. […] / In the network society of the 21st century, a key strategy for web-based exchange of information and knowledge is their collaborative distribution and use. Technical hurdles of access are mostly being overcome with technological advances and traditional forms of passing on knowledge are being complemented by modern, e-learning environments. Within research into education, the foundation for socio-cultural progress is formed by involvement with collaborative teaching and learning scenarios in a dynamic exchange of information and knowledge. The emphasis of this work lay in the analysis of structures and relationships of social organisations within knowledge networks. The aim was to describe the exchange of information and knowledge in collaborative learning systems and to explore its influence on the potential for innovation and distribution of information and knowledge. A study was undertaken of the interaction of participants in discussion forums as exemplified by the learning platform OPAL – currently the most popular learning management system in secondary school education in Saxony, Germany. On the assumption that social interaction, particularly involving collaborative media, the progress of education and the construction of knowledge networks do influence teaching and learning processes, this work explored the structural conditions of OPAL's collaborative knowledge network and identified relationships between social role constructs in order to explain the effect of collaborative activities on the process of diffusion of information and knowledge in knowledge networks. Primarily the study was based on relationship oriented sociological models and communication theory models, and research methods for relationships, including SNA (Social Network Analysis) and DNA (Dynamic Network Analysis) were applied, so as to create a basis for further implementation of social network teaching and learning strategies in educational research. [...]