A partir de alguns estudos sobre a Academia Brasileira de Letras entidade fundada no Rio de Janeiro, em 1897 , é possível chegar a uma imagem já muito conhecida, porém pouco questionada: a de um espaço cuja compleição é marcadamente androcêntrica. Ainda que a associação entre Academia e dominação masculina possa parecer um tanto apressada, há um conjunto de implicações sociológicas nela inscritas que merecem ser descortinadas e problematizadas. Cabe-nos, assim, percorrer os caminhos teórico-analíticos que nos possibilitem apreender os matizes que tal correlação encoberta, tendo em vista as prerrogativas de gênero. Para tanto, nosso ponto de partida, situado no encalço de alguns déficits documentais, será o período de consolidação da ABL, que assiste à cogitação do nome de uma mulher para figurar entre seus membros fundadores. Trata-se da escritora Júlia Lopes de Almeida que, logo em seguida, viu-se excluída da relação final de agremiados. Também dedicaremos especial atenção a 1930, ano em que a escritora Amélia Beviláqua propõe candidatura à Academia, obtendo como resposta um sonoro não. Além destes episódios, que representam verdadeiros vazios institucionais, buscaremos evidenciar as mudanças que se processaram na Casa de Machado de Assis ao longo do tempo, tendo como ponto de inflexão o ano de 1976, momento em que é aprovada a elegibilidade feminina, alteração regimental esta que fora sucedida pela exígua presença de mulheres até os dias atuais, mais especificamente, pelo ingresso de seis escritoras: respectivamente Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai e Ana Maria Machado. A partir do quadro construído, procuraremos mostrar se a referida modificação no Regimento Interno foi sintomática de uma alteração nos contornos tradicionais e conservadores da ABL, ou se as circunstâncias e motivações que orientaram tais ingressos resultam de forças sociais ratificadoras do cânon literário. / From some studies about the Brazilian Academy of Letters an institute established in Rio de Janeiro in 1897 , we can see an image that is widespread but not questioned, i.e., that of a space that tends to be visibly male chauvinist. Although the association of the Brazilian Academy and the male domination may seem to be simplistic, there is in it, in fact, a series of sociological implications that must be scrutinized and questioned. Thus, taking a theoretical and analytical approach vis-à-vis the gender, the aim of this study is to capture the nuances that such an association veils. Therefore, our starting point, which takes into consideration the absence of some documents, will be the period of consolidation of the ABL, when the name of a woman is considered to emerge among its founding members. This woman was the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida, who immediately afterwards saw herself excluded from the final list of members. Also we will dedicate special attention to 1930, year in which the writer Amélia Beviláqua proposed her candidacy to the ABL and got a sound no as a reply. Besides these occurrences, which represent a true institutional emptiness, we will seek to elucidate the changes that took place in the House of Machado de Assis throughout the years, having as a turning point the year 1976, period in which women eligibility was approved. We will see that such an alteration has been followed, until now, by a rare presence of women, more specifically, by the admission of six writers: Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai and Ana Maria Machado. From the resulting frame, we will find out whether the changes made in its statute in 1976 were, finally, indicative of a shift in the traditional and conservative structure of ABL or whether the circumstances and motivation that oriented the attainment of prestige and, consequently, a chair in the Brazilian Academy of Letters was the result of social forces which ratify the literary canon.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Pereira Tomazini.pdf: 684135 bytes, checksum: dd5949de4cee992e127e3531640d776d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-09 / The purpose of this research is to verify the expression of referential process in legal and business documents, the originals of which are written in English and the translations of which are made in Portuguese, assessing the effectiveness of the strategies activated by the translators, so that the mapping of referring expressions and the flow of information should not distort the translation process. The documents for analysis are compared with and discussed based on the functional theory, particularly by Halliday (1994); Givón (1995); Halliday & Hasan (1976), and on the studies by Neves (1997; 2007; 2011). / O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em verificar a expressão do processo de referenciação em documentos jurídicos e comerciais, em originais redigidos no idioma inglês e em traduções no idioma português, avaliando a eficiência das estratégias ativadas pelos tradutores para que o mapeamento das expressões referenciais e o fluxo de informação dos textos originais não falseiem o processo tradutório. Os documentos de análise são comparados e discutidos com base na teoria funcionalista, particularmente em Halliday (1994); Givón (1995); Halliday & Hasan (1976), e nas explicitações de Neves (1997; 2007; 2011).

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Sociais (csociais-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-28T18:38:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fab?ola_Mattos_Pereira_Tes.pdf: 11933374 bytes, checksum: f94630b46262f7986df8390e4b02812d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-01T13:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Fab?ola_Mattos_Pereira_Tes.pdf: 11933374 bytes, checksum: f94630b46262f7986df8390e4b02812d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T13:12:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fab?ola_Mattos_Pereira_Tes.pdf: 11933374 bytes, checksum: f94630b46262f7986df8390e4b02812d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / "Under which terms grant is requested" is a documental ethnography study of intervention practices about poor children, taking as the starting point the documental collection about an agricultural educational institution located in the municipality of Pelotas/RS, Brazil. The Agricultural Educational Institution is about one hundred years old. The expression frequently found in the studied documents, inspires the thesis title. This expression submits deeper bureaucratic process around the selection and inclusion of the students. I tried to investigate in that documents, the voices that, in dialogue with the public power, was documented in the official agencies, with the intention to answer "Who were the students and what were they searching for?" This investigation had an anthropologic way, focused in the individual who was object standarly of government intervention - the poor children and their families. Over those people concerned conceptions, practices, regulations, decisions and rules that not depended on their will, and is about this dynamic that this research pondered, an ethnography the routine lived by boys and girls that found the Visconde da Gra?a Educational Institution. Stablished with the Agricultural Patronage Visconde da Gra?a in the 1920s decade. Nowadays, the Institution works and has boarding school vacancy for young people who wants to live in, but notice the profile stablished to entrance is needed, the first of all, those poorest children as the beginning. Long years go by and the Institution has been going throughout changes as its name, in accordance with government and then changed the working dynamics, and as in the boarding school. Besides the changes in the Educational Institution, this investigation approachs the boarding school as the study object, with the aim of relativize it. Studying the intern dynamics and particularities of boarding school practice in the context of an agricultural Educational Institution, was the way to realize others aspects that could introduce the boarding school over the poverty, of the abandonment and the vulnerability. Without however to leave the perspective that notice the boarding school with the antique strategy and with extensively used for state agents to solve the problem of poor children and their families. / ?Nestes termos, pede deferimento? ? um estudo etnogr?fico-documental das pr?ticas de interven??es sobre crian?as pobres, tomando como ponto de partida o acervo de documentos relativos a uma institui??o de ensino agr?cola na cidade de Pelotas / RS, com quase cem anos de exist?ncia. A express?o, frequentemente encontrada nos documentos estudados, al?m de inspirar o t?tulo da tese, foi reveladora de aspectos mais profundos que cercaram as din?micas burocr?ticas de sele??o e inclus?o. Procurei investigar, nesses documentos, as vozes que, em interlocu??o com o Estado, ficaram registradas nos ?rg?os oficiais, com a inten??o de responder ?quem foram os alunos e o que buscavam??. Este estudo teve uma abordagem antropol?gica, focando sobre aqueles sujeitos que foram tradicionalmente objeto de interven??o estatal ? as crian?as pobres e suas fam?lias. Sobre esses sujeitos, incidiram concep??es, pr?ticas, estatutos, medidas, regulamentos que independiam de sua vontade, e ? sobre tais din?micas que este estudo se debru?ou, procurando etnografar o cotidiano vivido por meninos e meninas que recorreram ao Visconde da Gra?a. Fundada como Patronato Agr?cola Visconde da Gra?a na d?cada de 1920, a institui??o, ainda em funcionamento, mant?m a oferta do internato para jovens que nela desejarem permanecer, desde que observado o perfil estipulado para ingresso, priorizando, tal como em sua funda??o, aqueles mais pobres. Ao longo dos anos, a institui??o passou por diferentes transforma??es em sua nomenclatura, de acordo com as pol?ticas estatais e, viu alteradas suas din?micas de funcionamento, dentre as quais o internato se insere. Mais que apresentar as transforma??es da? decorrentes, esta investiga??o tomou a pr?tica de internamento como objeto de estudo, com a inten??o de relativiz?-la. Observar as din?micas internas e particularidades da pr?tica de internamento, no contexto de uma institui??o agr?cola, foi o caminho que permitiu perceber outros aspectos que justificaram/justificam o internamento, al?m da pobreza, do abandono e da vulnerabilidade, sem contudo, deixar de lado a perspectiva que coloca o internamento como estrat?gia antiga e amplamente utilizada pelos agentes estatais para lidar com o problema das crian?as pobres e suas fam?lias.

Les avancées récentes des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) ont entraîné des transformations radicales de plusieurs secteurs de l'industrie. L'adoption des technologies du Web Sémantique a démontré plusieurs avantages, surtout dans une application de Recherche d'Information (RI) : une meilleure représentation des données et des capacités de raisonnement sur celles-ci. Cependant, il existe encore peu d’applications industrielles car il reste encore des problèmes non résolus, tels que la représentation de documents hétérogènes interdépendants à travers des modèles de données sémantiques et la représentation des résultats de recherche accompagnés d'informations contextuelles.Dans cette thèse, nous abordons deux défis principaux. Le premier défi porte sur la représentation de la connaissance relative à un corpus de documents hétérogènes couvrant à la fois le contenu des documents fortement lié à un domaine métier ainsi que d'autres aspects liés à la structure de ces documents tels que leurs métadonnées, les relations inter et intra-documentaires (p. ex., les références entre documents ou parties de documents), etc. Le deuxième défi porte sur la construction des résultats de RI, à partir de ce corpus de documents hétérogènes, aidant les utilisateurs à mieux interpréter les informations pertinentes de leur recherche surtout quand il s'agit d'exploiter les relations inter/intra-documentaires.Pour faire face à ces défis, nous proposons tout d'abord une représentation sémantique du corpus de documents hétérogènes à travers un modèle de graphe sémantique couvrant à la fois les dimensions structurelle et métier du corpus. Ensuite, nous définissons une nouvelle structure de données pour les résultats de recherche, extraite à partir de ce graphe, qui incorpore les informations pertinentes directes ainsi qu'un contexte structurel et métier. Afin d'exploiter cette nouvelle structure dans un modèle de RI novateur, nous proposons une chaine de traitement automatique de la requête de l'utilisateur, allant du module d'interprétation de requête, aux modules de recherche, de classement et de présentation des résultats. Bien que nous proposions une chaine de traitement complète, nos contributions se focalisent sur les modules de recherche et de classement.Nous proposons une solution générique qui peut être appliquée dans différents domaines d'applications métiers. Cependant, dans cette thèse, les expérimentations ont été appliquées au domaine du Bâtiment et Travaux Publics (BTP), en s'appuyant sur des projets de construction. / The recent advances of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have resulted in the development of several industries. Adopting semantic technologies has proven several benefits for enabling a better representation of the data and empowering reasoning capabilities over it, especially within an Information Retrieval (IR) application. This has, however, few applications in the industries as there are still unresolved issues, such as the shift from heterogeneous interdependent documents to semantic data models and the representation of the search results while considering relevant contextual information. In this thesis, we address two main challenges. The first one focuses on the representation of the collective knowledge embedded in a heterogeneous document corpus covering both the domain-specific content of the documents, and other structural aspects such as their metadata, their dependencies (e.g., references), etc. The second one focuses on providing users with innovative search results, from the heterogeneous document corpus, helping the users in interpreting the information that is relevant to their inquiries and tracking cross document dependencies.To cope with these challenges, we first propose a semantic representation of a heterogeneous document corpus that generates a semantic graph covering both the structural and the domain-specific dimensions of the corpus. Then, we introduce a novel data structure for query answers, extracted from this graph, which embeds core information together with structural-based and domain-specific context. In order to provide such query answers, we propose an innovative query processing pipeline, which involves query interpretation, search, ranking, and presentation modules, with a focus on the search and ranking modules.Our proposal is generic as it can be applicable in different domains. However, in this thesis, it has been experimented in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry using real-world construction projects.

A partir de alguns estudos sobre a Academia Brasileira de Letras entidade fundada no Rio de Janeiro, em 1897 , é possível chegar a uma imagem já muito conhecida, porém pouco questionada: a de um espaço cuja compleição é marcadamente androcêntrica. Ainda que a associação entre Academia e dominação masculina possa parecer um tanto apressada, há um conjunto de implicações sociológicas nela inscritas que merecem ser descortinadas e problematizadas. Cabe-nos, assim, percorrer os caminhos teórico-analíticos que nos possibilitem apreender os matizes que tal correlação encoberta, tendo em vista as prerrogativas de gênero. Para tanto, nosso ponto de partida, situado no encalço de alguns déficits documentais, será o período de consolidação da ABL, que assiste à cogitação do nome de uma mulher para figurar entre seus membros fundadores. Trata-se da escritora Júlia Lopes de Almeida que, logo em seguida, viu-se excluída da relação final de agremiados. Também dedicaremos especial atenção a 1930, ano em que a escritora Amélia Beviláqua propõe candidatura à Academia, obtendo como resposta um sonoro não. Além destes episódios, que representam verdadeiros vazios institucionais, buscaremos evidenciar as mudanças que se processaram na Casa de Machado de Assis ao longo do tempo, tendo como ponto de inflexão o ano de 1976, momento em que é aprovada a elegibilidade feminina, alteração regimental esta que fora sucedida pela exígua presença de mulheres até os dias atuais, mais especificamente, pelo ingresso de seis escritoras: respectivamente Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai e Ana Maria Machado. A partir do quadro construído, procuraremos mostrar se a referida modificação no Regimento Interno foi sintomática de uma alteração nos contornos tradicionais e conservadores da ABL, ou se as circunstâncias e motivações que orientaram tais ingressos resultam de forças sociais ratificadoras do cânon literário. / From some studies about the Brazilian Academy of Letters an institute established in Rio de Janeiro in 1897 , we can see an image that is widespread but not questioned, i.e., that of a space that tends to be visibly male chauvinist. Although the association of the Brazilian Academy and the male domination may seem to be simplistic, there is in it, in fact, a series of sociological implications that must be scrutinized and questioned. Thus, taking a theoretical and analytical approach vis-à-vis the gender, the aim of this study is to capture the nuances that such an association veils. Therefore, our starting point, which takes into consideration the absence of some documents, will be the period of consolidation of the ABL, when the name of a woman is considered to emerge among its founding members. This woman was the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida, who immediately afterwards saw herself excluded from the final list of members. Also we will dedicate special attention to 1930, year in which the writer Amélia Beviláqua proposed her candidacy to the ABL and got a sound no as a reply. Besides these occurrences, which represent a true institutional emptiness, we will seek to elucidate the changes that took place in the House of Machado de Assis throughout the years, having as a turning point the year 1976, period in which women eligibility was approved. We will see that such an alteration has been followed, until now, by a rare presence of women, more specifically, by the admission of six writers: Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai and Ana Maria Machado. From the resulting frame, we will find out whether the changes made in its statute in 1976 were, finally, indicative of a shift in the traditional and conservative structure of ABL or whether the circumstances and motivation that oriented the attainment of prestige and, consequently, a chair in the Brazilian Academy of Letters was the result of social forces which ratify the literary canon.

Excerpt: In 1859, the Edinburgh house of Wood and Company published a Sketch of the History of the Edinburgh Th eatre-Royal in honor of its fi nal performance and closing, its author lamenting that “Th is House, which has been a scene of amusement to the citizens of Edinburgh for as long as most of them have lived, has at length come to the termination of its own existence” (3).

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar os pressupostos teóricos e técnicos da Conservação por meio da elaboração de uma obra de caráter terminológico estruturada em forma de dicionário técnico. Ao elaborar um dicionário ilustrado de Conservação de documentos gráficos pretende-se divulgar um saber científico específico de forma a padronizar a linguagem empregada pelos profissionais e reduzir a ambiguidade de certos termos especializados. Tal dicionário pretende cobrir grandes conjuntos temáticos deste campo de estudo e alcançar tanto especialistas quanto profissionais de áreas correlatas. O estabelecimento de uma linguagem de especialidade constitui uma exigência para o entendimento epistemológico de determinada área do saber, uma vez que a definição dos termos técnicos científicos utilizados pelos profissionais resulta no desenvolvimento e amadurecimento de um corpus científico consistente e na consolidação da área. / The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the theoretical and methodological principles of Conservation through the elaboration of a terminology work, here conceived as a technical dictionary. By creating an illustrated dictionary of Conservation of graphic documents, it intends to disseminate specific scientific knowledge, helping to standardize the language used by professionals in the field and, thus, minimize the ambiguity regarding specialized terms. It is this dictionarys aim to encompass large theme clusters, reaching specialists as well as professionals in associated areas. The consolidation of specialized vocabulary is a premise for epistemological understanding, since the definition of scientific/technical terms used by professionals leads to the development of consistent bodies of scientific knowledge and, ultimately, strengthens fields of study as a whole.

'The Artist Will Be Present' explores objects as traces that stem from performed actions, and my body in performance. Part-sculptural objects, video and sound act as performance documents that expand on notions of the ‘live’ encounter. Interest lies in how we get to objects: process in variance to product or closure. And the question of how the body/s of the audience becomes participatory is at the forefront of these operations. From this viewpoint the exegesis aims to broaden existing scholarship on performativity, liveness and the part-sculptural object, exploring the manners in which various cultural practices act to animate objects. I reconsider the Euro-American genealogies of performance/body art (Bruce Nauman, Lygia Clark, Ann Hamilton et al.) in relationship to contemporary art practices in Australia and New Zealand (Alicia Frankvich, Carolyn Eskdale et al.) through the lens of late 19th-and early 20th-century writing on sympathetic magical action. A legacy of cultural anthropology dealing with magic (that was privileged in establishing grounding aspects of structural linguistics) circulates around the British anthropologist Stanley J. Tambiah whose thinking on persuasive analogy in ritual performance draws a crucial link between J. L. Austin’s performative utterance and James George Frazer’s notion of sympathetic magic. From such a perspective the operations of sympathetic mimesis—involving ambivalent similitude and contagion—are discussed in terms of performative and persuasive illocutionary force. This offers another model for articulating an authentic performative document as an encounter with the ‘live.’ A phenomenological method of enquiry, including Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the chiasm,—along with notions of mimetic incongruence—crucially tease out relationships between the live and the performance document and aim at resisting subject/object dichotomies whereby concepts of embodiment and indeterminate play between artist, objects and audiences are activated. Applied to contemporary debates on performance and ‘objects out of action,’ part objects and images are transformed as partial ‘subjects’: metonymically part of larger wholes as trace (substitution) and contagious contact (liveness). What is lacking in the operations of sympathetic mimesis is precisely what ‘draws out’ the body/s of the audience as they desire closure in object and duration. As these questions turn on the body of the artist/self and the audience/participant in performative installation practice, I offer an analysis of bodies in ritual exchange (donor/donee); subjects and objects as transformers: relations of force over form—liminal, reversible and redolent of lack—that emphasise encounter in difference to recognition. This is to speak of, in the words of Lygia Clark: “Tactile shocks to liberate the body.”

Nous présentons un système de structuration automatique d'enregistrements audiovisuels s'appuyant sur des informations non lexicales caractéristiques des rôles des intervenants et de leurs interactions. Dans une première étape, nous proposons une méthode de détection et de caractérisation de séquences temporelles, nommée " zones d'interaction ", susceptibles de correspondre à des conversations. La seconde étape de notre système réalise une reconnaissance du rôle des intervenants : présentateur, journaliste et autre. Notre contribution au domaine de la reconnaissance automatique du rôle se distingue en reposant sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle les rôles des intervenants sont accessibles à travers des paramètres " bas-niveau " inscrits d'une part dans l'organisation temporelle des tours de parole des intervenants, dans les environnements acoustiques dans lesquels ils apparaissent, ainsi que dans plusieurs paramètres prosodiques (intonation et débit). Dans une dernière étape, nous combinons l'information du rôle des intervenants à la connaissance des séquences d'interaction afin de produire deux niveaux de description du contenu des documents. Le premier niveau de description segmente les enregistrements en zones de 4 types : informations, entretiens, transition et intermède. Un second niveau de description classe les zones d'interaction orales en 4 catégories : débat, interview, chronique et relais. Chaque étape du système est validée par une grand nombre d'expériences menées sur le corpus du projet EPAC et celui de la campagne d'évaluation ESTER.

Parmi les nombreuses méthodes d'accès à l'information présentes sur Internet, la corrélation de divers documents apparaît comme un outil complémentaire permettant aux internautes d'enrichir leurs connaissances sur un document sans avoir à formuler de question. L'objectif de nos travaux est de réaliser une méthode de corrélation sémantique dédiée à la recherche d'information juridique. La méthode que nous dégageons vise à appliquer des outils et techniques d'ingénierie linguistique sur des textes préalablement choisis. Les unités textuelles saillantes les constituant sont alors dégagées, définissant pour chaque document analysé ce que nous appelons une signature lexicale. Ces signatures lexicales servent ensuite d'éléments clefs pour interroger un moteur de recherche dont les résultats représentent l'ensemble des documents corrélés. Cette méthode de corrélation est utilisée et évaluée dans un contexte de recherche d'information sur Internet et plus spécifiquement est intégrée aux développements d'un moteur de recherche. Les principaux apports de nos travaux sont (1) un renouvellement des méthodes de recherche de documents corrélés par l'optimisation des signatures lexicales dédiées, (2) l'élaboration et l'évaluation d'un nouvel indice de pondération statistique noté Tifr, (3) une réflexion sur l'aspect sémantique de la méthode de corrélation exposée, et enfin (4) une proposition concrète de réponse à la problématique de l'accès à l'information dans un contexte juridique.