Durante um procedimento cirúrgico cerebral existe o deslocamento das estruturas que é um problema tipicamente não-rígido e não-linear. A ultrassonografia intra-operatória é utilizada como guia cirúrgico e pode ser utilizada para correção das imagens pré- operatórias através do corregistro rígido entre estas e um sistema de rastreio. Isto torna possível a visualização do deslocamento das estruturas devida a remoção de parte delas durante o ato cirúrgico. O objetivo deste trabalho é um estudo do corregistro livre não-rígido a partir de um modelo in vitro experimental que simule uma situação cirúrgica de retirada de uma inclusão líquida, de forma controlada, para medir os deslocamentos das estruturas próximas, utilizando imagens de ultrassom. Alguns fantomas que simulam o tecido humano nas imagens de ultrassom, feitos de gelatina e parafina, foram escolhidos como modelo. Para realizar o corregistro foi escolhida a transformação geométrica por splines simples (B-Splines), o otimizador Limited- memory BroydenFletcherGoldfarbShanno (LBFGS) e a métrica de similaridade soma do quadrado das diferenças (SQD) e, utilizada a biblioteca Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK), assim como o estudo dos parâmetros adequados para a nossa tarefa. Foi demonstrado para as condições envolvidas que para as imagens em modo B as deformações até 5% e mapas de RF até 9%, sem nenhuma otimização dos parâmetros do corregistro, é factível sem uso excessivo de tempo computacional. Foi analisada a influência da grade em relação a dois tipos diferentes de deformação, ambas com valor de 2%. O tamanho da grade, levando em consideração o erro e o tempo, foram a 5x11 para as imagens em Modo B e 11x17 para os mapas de RF, independentemente do tipo de deformação. Os parâmetros do otimizador (Default Step Length, Gradient Convergence Tolerance e Line Search Accuraccy) também foram avaliados e os valores obtidos foram 1,6; 0,03 e 0,8 para as imagens modo B e 1,2; 0,05 e 1,0 para os mapas de RF. No entanto ao comparamos, utilizando os parâmetros propostos obtidos, os campos de deslocamentos esperados com os gerados pelo modo B e pelos mapas RF, foi demonstrado que os mapas de RF fornecem valores abaixo do esperado e que as imagens em modo B retratam mais fielmente os deslocamentos e isto se deve a escolha do conjunto de valores testados para o otimizador. Foram aplicados estes parâmetros em dois fantomas de parafina- gel e em dois de gelatina. Nos três primeiros fantomas foi retirada um inclusão líquida em várias etapas. Os deslocamentos das estruturas vizinhas foram avaliados durante as etapas de remoção para demonstrar os campos de sução e de torção. No último fantoma, que simula morfologicamente um cérebro humano, foram retiradas, em várias etapas, regiões sólidas, simulando a retirada de tecido e foram calculados os deslocamentos e demonstrados os campos provenientes deste tipo de intervenção. Os trabalhos futuros se concentrarão em utilizar os volumes para medir os movimentos das estruturas e em novos parâmetros do otimizador para os mapas de RF. / During a brain surgery there is the displacement of the structures that is a typical non- rigid and non-linear problem. Intraoperative ultrasound is used as a surgical guide and can be used for spatial correction of preoperative images through the rigid registration between these and a track system. This makes it possible to visualize the displacement of structures due to removal of some piece of them during surgery. This work is a study of the non-rigid free-from registration using an experimental in vitro model to simulate a surgical situation withdrawal of a fluid inclusion in a controlled manner, to measure the displacement of nearby structures, using ultrasound images. Some phantoms that simulate the human tissue in the ultrasound images made of gelatin and paraffin were chosen as a model. To perform the registration it was used the framework Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) and were chosen a geometric transformation of simple splines (B-splines), the Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher- Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) optimizer and the similarity metric sum of the squared differences (SQD). The search for the suitable parameters for our task are done and it has been shown that for the conditions involved for B-mode images deformations up to 5% and RF maps up to 9% without any optimization of the parameters of registration, is feasible without excessive use of computational time. The influence of the grid was examined for two different types of deformation, both for 2%. The size of the grid, taking into account the error and time were the 5x11 for the images in B mode and 11x17 maps for RF, regardless of the type of deformation. The parameters of the optimizer (Default Step Length, Gradient Convergence Tolerance and Line Search Accuraccy) were also evaluated and the values obtained were 1.6, 0.03 and 0.8 for the B-mode images and 1.2, 0.05 and 1.0 for RF maps. However when comparing the expected displacement fields with the generated by B-mode images and the RF maps, using the obtained parameters, it have been shown that RF maps provide values are lower than expected and that the B-mode images portray more faithfully displacements. This is due to the choice set of values tested for the optimizer. Finally, image registration parameters for B-mode were applied in two paraffin-gel and two gelatin phantoms. In the first three phantoms the fluid inclusion was removed in several stages and the displacements of neighboring structures were evaluated during the removal steps to demonstrate the fields of suction and torsion. The last phantom, which morphologically mimics a human brain, a solid region was removed, also in several stages, simulating a surgery. The displacements were calculated and demonstrated the fields from this type of intervention. Future work will focus on using the volumes to measure the movements of the structures and new parameters test of the optimizer to RF maps.

Esta investigação teve por objetivos elaborar e experimentar uma proposta de intervenção colaborativa junto à professora que atua em Sala de Apoio Pedagógico de uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental de São Paulo; analisar, criticamente, seu encaminhamento e discutir os resultados das ações pedagógicas, empreendidas e do percurso formativo da professora colaboradora. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa-ação ocorreu ao longo de um semestre letivo, recorreu aos pressupostos teóricos da concepção construtivista de aprendizagem, e teve como referências a Psicogênese da Língua Escrita, a Sociolingüística e a Psicolingüística do ensino da Língua Portuguesa. As ações colaborativas desenvolvidas abrangeram o planejamento, organização, acompanhamento e avaliação de rotinas alfabetizadoras, e potencializou a reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica, o registro como instrumento de investigação e as situações didáticas como organizadoras do ensino de leitura e escrita. A análise crítica do percurso permitiu constatar alterações significativas na concepção de ensino e aprendizagem da professora-colaboradora, na organização didática, metodologia de ensino e nas formas e entendimento das avaliações empregadas. Como descobertas relevantes, destacam-se a relação intrínseca entre a ação alfabetizadora e os conhecimentos dos pressupostos teóricos da abordagem citada, bem como dos aspectos didático-metodológicos com ela convergentes: planejamento, registro dos procedimentos de ensino, análise dos resultados das aprendizagens dos alunos e estabelecimento de parcerias e reflexões dialéticas entre profissionais. / This investigation objectives to experiment and elaborate a proposal of collaborative intervention, along with the responsible teacher, for the Pedagogical support room in a Municipal school of Ensino Fundamental in São Paulo; to analyze critically, its directions and to discuss the results of pedagogical action applied in the training process of the assistant teacher. The development of this action-research took place during one academic semester, in the light of the theory presumption of the constructivist learning approach, using as references the Psychogenesis of the Written language, the Socio-linguistic and the Psycho-linguistic of the Portuguese language teaching. The collaborative action developed included the planning, the organization, the follow-up and assessment of the routines for alphabetization, increased the reflection over pedagogical practice and the registration as an instrument of investigation, as well as the didactical proposals to organize the teaching of reading and writing. The critical analyses of the path used allow us to realize the significant changes in the teaching and learning concept of the assistant-teacher, in the didactical organization, the teaching methodology and the understanding and formats of the assessment used. As relevant discoveries we highlight the intrinsic relationship between the literace and the knowledge theory of the approach mentioned previously, and also the methodological-didactical convergent aspects with the approach such as: planning, register of the procedure of teaching, pupils learning results analyses, and establishment of partnership and professional dialectic reflection.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-14T14:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 2718867 bytes, checksum: 611e8b5282b4447d0c0709d9774b6193 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T14:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 2718867 bytes, checksum: 611e8b5282b4447d0c0709d9774b6193 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / The following master's thesis aims to historicize the cultural policy for the Pernambuco’s heritage, over the period 1979-2010, and thus identify which cultural goods legitimized by technical tools and legal officers in the state. Namely: Sistema Estadual de Tombamento de Pernambuco, Concurso Público do Registro do Patrimônio Vivo de Pernambuco, Registro de Patrimônio Imaterial de Pernambuco and Projetos de Lei Ordinária para Patrimônio Imaterial de Pernambuco. We also seek to understand how these instruments were led by individuals and institutions to mobilize, at different times, cultural values and symbolic meanings in the construction of state identity process. Our research is grounded in theoretical perspective that encompasses the cultural heritage as a field in dispute, in which different agents attend constructing a discourse that appropriates practices and objects and expropriates to elect certain values in society from diverse interests. For reference are used studies focused on analysis of social practices, proposed by Pierre Bourdieu (2012), in order to identify the details and nuances of conflicts in policy arenas in contention for the symbolic power to elect which goods will be included or not in the universe heritage of Pernambuco. Also we rely on research carried out by Benedict Anderson (2008), Dominique Poulot (2009), José Murilo de Carvalho (2012), Maria Cecilia London Fonseca (2009), Márcia Chuva (2012), Roger Chartier (1990) and other researchers were critical to the development of theoretical discussions present in this dissertation. Our documentary sources are official files that are part of the institutionalization process of Pernambuco heritage as requirements for tipping, technical reports of the Fundação do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Pernambuco (Fundarpe), Tombo books of material heritage, meeting minutes of the Conselho Estadual de Cultura (CEC), notices of Concurso Público do Registro do Patrimônio Vivo, the official list of the living heritage inventory, Registration books of intangible heritage, ordinary bills of the Assembléia Legislativa de Pernambuco (ALEPE), as well as laws and other documents of interest for the development of research. In view of the need to write a cultural history on patrimonialization process of cultural goods of Pernambuco, our proposal aims to understand the heritage not as a cultural inheritance, but with a set of symbolic goods valued and reflected in the attempt to represent a supposed version the past, culture or memory, and thus legitimize Pernambuco identity that matters to certain agents and social groups. / A seguinte dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo historiar a política cultural para o patrimônio pernambucano durante o período de 1979 a 2010, e, assim, identificar quais bens culturais legitimados pelos instrumentos técnicos e jurídicos oficiais no estado. A saber: Sistema Estadual de Tombamento de Pernambuco, Concurso Público do Registro do Patrimônio Vivo de Pernambuco, Registro de Patrimônio Imaterial de Pernambuco e Projetos de Lei Ordinária para Patrimônio Imaterial de Pernambuco. Também procuramos compreender como esses instrumentos foram conduzidos por indivíduos e instituições para mobilizar, em diferentes momentos, valores culturais e significados simbólicos no processo de construção da identidade estadual. Nossa pesquisa se encontra alicerçada na perspectiva teórica que compreende o patrimônio cultural como um campo em disputa, no qual diferentes agentes comparecem construindo um discurso que se apropria de práticas e objetos e os expropria a fim de eleger determinados valores na sociedade a partir de interesses diversos. Como referência, são utilizados estudos voltados para análise das práticas sociais, proposto por Pierre Bourdieu (2012), com o intuito de identificar os detalhes e as nuances dos conflitos nas arenas políticas na disputa pelo poder simbólico de eleger quais bens irão figurar ou não no universo patrimonial pernambucano. Também nos baseamos nas pesquisas desenvolvidas por Benedict Anderson (2008), Dominique Poulot (2009), José Murilo de Carvalho (2012), Maria Cecília Londres Fonseca (2009), Márcia Chuva (2012), Roger Chartier (1990), entre outros pesquisadores que foram de suma importância para o desenvolvimento das discussões teóricas presentes nesta dissertação. Nossas fontes documentais são dossiês oficiais que fazem parte do processo de institucionalização do patrimônio pernambucano, como requerimentos para o tombamento, relatórios técnicos da Fundação do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Pernambuco (Fundarpe), livros de Tombo do patrimônio material, atas de Reuniões do Conselho Estadual de Cultura (CEC), editais do Concurso Público do Registro do Patrimônio Vivo, lista oficial do Inventário do Patrimônio Vivo, livros de Registro do patrimônio imaterial, projetos de lei ordinária da Assembleia Legislativa de Pernambuco (ALEPE), além de legislações e outros documentos de interesses para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Em vista da necessidade de escrever uma história cultural sobre o processo de patrimonialização dos bens culturais de Pernambuco, nossa proposta aponta para compreensão do patrimônio não como uma herança cultural, mas com um conjunto de bens simbólicos valorados e consagrados na tentativa de representar uma suposta versão do passado, cultura ou memória, e, assim, legitimar uma identidade pernambucana que interessa a determinados agentes e grupos sociais.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-22T18:36:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Documentos da morte_Rebeca_Versão para biblioteca central.pdf: 865557 bytes, checksum: 90dcaaf9ded772c1197fc71795ff11c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T18:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Documentos da morte_Rebeca_Versão para biblioteca central.pdf: 865557 bytes, checksum: 90dcaaf9ded772c1197fc71795ff11c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-19 / FACEPE / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar como as práticas judiciárias de assentamento e retificação do registro de óbito regulamentam a morte e a vida, em uma região do Sertão Central de Pernambuco. Buscou-se mapear os procedimentos acionados pelos familiares dos mortos frente à ausência ou erro da certidão de óbito; analisar os discursos jurídicos sobre os homens e as mulheres rurais requerentes de processos judiciais para assentamento e retificação do registro de óbito; examinar os motivos apresentados pelos familiares dos mortos para requerer a retificação ou a certidão de óbito tardia. Embasamo-nos teoricamente nas noções de Michel Foucault sobre biopoder, governamentalidade e produção de verdade. Como estratégia metodológica, utilizamos a pesquisa em documentos de domínio público (processos judiciais para assentamento ou retificação da certidão de óbito), entrevistas e observação. A partir dos processos judiciais e das entrevistas, observamos que se o óbito não for realizado dentro do prazo legal dos cartórios ou o documento apresente alguma informação errada, é necessário que a família reúna uma série de provas documentais e testemunhais. As análises indicam que o assento tardio da certidão de óbito e sua retificação parecem uma das formas pelas quais as práticas judiciárias definem tipos de subjetividade, formas de saber e relações entre a população e a verdade. Entre as principais motivações da requisição do assento de óbito ou sua retificação, configura-se a necessidade de a família em obter benefícios previdenciários, principalmente o benefício de pensão por morte. Concluímos que a certidão de óbito seguindo os percursos da biopolítica regulamenta a morte e vida. Ao mesmo em tempo que esse documento atua como uma tecnologia de governo de população, ele permite que os familiares dos mortos alcancem direitos garantidos constitucionalmente / This essay aims to analyze how the judicial practices of registration and rectification of death record regulate life and death, in a region of Central Backlands of Pernambuco. It was sought to map the procedures driven by the family of the dead opposite the absence or error of the death certificate; analyze the legal discourses about rural men and women applicants of lawsuits for registration and rectification of the death record; examine the reasons given by the relatives of the dead to request the rectification or late death certificate. We theoretically supported on the concepts of Michel Foucault on biopower, governmentality and production of truth. As a methodological strategy, we used research in the public domain documents (lawsuits for registration or rectification of the death certificate), interviews and observation. From lawsuits and interviews, we observed that if the death is not made within the legal period of the register offices or the document presents some wrong information, it is necessary that the family to gathers a wide range of documentary and testimonial evidence. The analysis indicate that late register of the death certificate seems one of the ways in which judicial practices define types of subjectivity, forms of knowledge and relations between the population and the truth. Among the main reasons of requesting the register of death or its rectification configures the need of the family in obtaining social welfare benefits, especially pension benefit due to death. We conclude that the death certificate following the paths of biopolitics regulates life and death. At the same time that document acts as a technology of population control, it allows the relatives of the dead reach constitutionally guaranteed rights.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adriana.pdf: 6109600 bytes, checksum: b74ad347ead3966adc813f98afeaceed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / Pesticide use represents one of the main environmental and public health problems in developing countries. Brazil is the third largest world consumer of pesticides, the eighth in usage per hectare and the largest in Latin America. This study aims to evaluate the legal framework for the registration and control of pesticide use in Brazil, comparing it with the legal framework of the European Union, taking in consideration procedures to diminish health and environmental risks. Besides that, we identified active ingredients that are still in use in Brazil but are banned or in process of re-registration in European Union. As an indicator of legal accomplishment we undertake a case study in Tocantins state taking in account the number of technicians responsible for pesticide inspections and the total number of farms and pesticides retailers. This study revealed that the registration process is the main element for pesticide control in Brazil, once establishes procedures for production, trade and handling of these products. When comparing both legislation frameworks, Brazilian and European, the last one is more strict and efficient in terms of use control. In spite of Brazil adopts the agronomic recipes, an important element for pesticide control, it constitutes only a bureaucratic piece without effects on health and environmental risk reduction. Several pesticides banned in Europe are still in use in Brazil and in Tocantins State. Even with almost all Brazilian states have specific legislation for pesticides (Amazonas and Roraima states are exceptions) this legal framework is only a copy of the federal law without more strict restriction related with the characteristics of the ecosystems like Pantanal, the Amazon or Semiarid. We concluded that the registration and control system of pesticide use in Brazil is weak, with several gaps and the figure of law noncompliance. / O uso de agrotóxicos representa hoje um grave problema ambiental e de saúde pública nos países em desenvolvimento. O Brasil é o maior mercado consumidor de agrotóxicos da América Latina, enquanto que no ranking global, o país ocupa o terceiro lugar no consumo destes produtos. A presente pesquisa inicialmente analisa e compara os dispositivos legais sobre a utilização de agrotóxicos da legislação brasileira e da legislação da União Européia, considerando os aspectos técnicos de registro e controle do uso dessas substâncias para fins de diminuição de riscos de contaminação ambiental e humana, bem como os possíveis ingredientes ativos dos produtos que continuam sendo utilizados no Brasil e que já foram banidos ou que estão em avaliação para registro na União Européia. Como indicador da possibilidade de não cumprimento da fiscalização e controle do uso de agrotóxicos exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos, analisou-se o caso do Estado do Tocantins levando em consideração o número total de propriedades e de lojas a serem fiscalizadas pela Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Tocantins ADAPEC. Os resultados mostraram que o registro é o principal meio de controle dos agrotóxicos, pois estabelece condições para a produção, manipulação, importação, exportação, comercialização e utilização destes produtos, seus componentes e afins tanto no Brasil como na União Européia. Comparando os sistemas de controle das duas legislações, constatou-se que a União Européia é mais criteriosa na avaliação dos produtos comercializados em sua comunidade, possuindo sistemas de controle mais eficiente em relação ao Brasil. Apesar de o Brasil adotar o receituário agronômico, um diferencial no controle de agrotóxicos em relação à União Européia, o mesmo acaba sendo apenas um mero instrumento burocrático. Vários produtos banidos da União Européia continuam autorizados no Brasil e no Estado do Tocantins. Praticamente todos os estados brasileiros possuem legislação especifica de agrotóxicos, sendo a legislação estadual do Tocantins, é praticamente, uma cópia da legislação federal. Verificou-se que há uma grande diferença entre a quantidade de lojas agropecuárias e de produtos veterinários registradas na Junta Comercial do Tocantins - JUCETINS em relação às lojas registradas na ADAPEC que possuem autorização para revenda de agrotóxicos. Presume-se a ocorrência de comercialização de agrotóxicos sem o devido registro e autorização. Esse déficit no sistema de registro e controle de agrotóxicos no Brasil, evidência falhas e descumprimento da legislação brasileira de agrotóxicos.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-08T19:25:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 frankdocarmoguedes.pdf: 1311057 bytes, checksum: d9f070af73d94e386959ecd455c5260c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T11:46:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 frankdocarmoguedes.pdf: 1311057 bytes, checksum: d9f070af73d94e386959ecd455c5260c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T11:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 frankdocarmoguedes.pdf: 1311057 bytes, checksum: d9f070af73d94e386959ecd455c5260c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado propõe uma análise do processo de gestão dos conflitos escolares em uma escola do Estado do Amazonas, na qual os índices de registro em livros de ocorrência são percebidos em assimetria no período que compreendem os anos de 2011 e primeiro semestre de 2015. O objetivo desse trabalho é subsidiar novas propostas para melhorias do ambiente escolar, por meio de um processo de mediação eficiente nos conflitos intraescolares. Para isso é necessário o reconhecimento do perfil dos relacionamentos interpessoais ocorridos entre escola e comunidade tendo por base os relatos dos registros de enfrentamentos postos no livro de ocorrências escolar. Para tanto utilizamos a método de análise documental, na qual fizemos um recorte ficando com apenas dezesseis registros em maior evidência. Esses registros foram classificados conforme quadros produzidos e definidos a partir dos referenciais teóricos. A partir das classificações, foram verificados registros com relatos em comum estabelecendo três categorizações de análise: agressão verbal, agressão física e comportamento irregular. Para essa utilizamos uma revisão bibliográfica que teve por base as ideias de Chrispino (2007), Abramoway e Mancini (2008), Nascente, Luis e Fonseca (2015) e Fonseca Rodrigues e Antonio (2012) porque tratam especificamente de temas abordados nas análises como: indisciplina, violência e conflito escolar e como são percebidos nas formas de utilização dos livros de ocorrência. Diante das análises foi constatado que não ocorre um processo de mediação de conflitos no ambiente da escola em estudo e que os processos ocorridos em meio aos registros só provocam outros conflitos. Também foi verificado que teor dos registros é reduzido e não oferece subsídios suficientes para os processos de análise e mediação do conflito. Frente a isso foi proposto um Plano de Ação Educacional que traz quatro ações que visam sistematizar os registros de ocorrência através de um formulário específico para que viabilizem informações eficientes para a mediação. Dentre essas ações também será oferecida uma formação para o sujeito educacional que poderá exercer a função de mediador e uma roda de conversas com alunos e demais comunitários que os motivem a utilizar essa nova ferramenta. / The current dissertation was developed under the Professional Master on Educational Evaluation and Management (PPGP) at the Center for Public Policies and Educational Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The studied case proposes an analysis of school conflicts management process on a school situated in the State of Amazonas where the registration indexes in occurrence books are perceived in asymmetry in the period that comprises the years between 2011 and the first semester of 2015. This work aim is to support new proposals that may improve the school environment through efficient mediation on intra-school conflicts recognizing the interpersonal relationships profile between school and community through the records in scholar occurrence books. The utilized method was documental analysis, where the sixteen records in greater evidence were taken account. These records were assorted according to the models produced and defined by the theoretical references, just as the narratives were transcribed to the appendix of this dissertation. From the rankings, numerous records were verified and categorized in three different groups: verbal aggression, physical aggression and irregular behavior. The bibliographic review was based on the ideas of Chrispino (2007), Abramoway e Mancini (2008), Nascente, Luis e Fonseca (2015) and Fonseca Rodrigues e Antonio (2012) since it treat specific themes like the ones brought to analysis: indiscipline, violence and scholar conflict, showing how they are perceived in the perspective of an occurrence book. Within the analysis it was verified that there is no conflict mediation process in the school environment and that the processes occurring during the records only managed to generate other conflicts. It was also verified that the content of the records is insufficient and does not provide enough data for analytical process and mediation of the conflict. Therefore, an Educational Action Plan was proposed which brings four actions aiming to systematize the occurrence records through a specific form that enables efficient mediation upon the registered information. Among these actions, will also be offered training for the educational subject to act as a mediator and an informative talk for students and community, motivating them to use this new implement.

The burden that South African labour law has to bear in relation to the economy is very heavy by international standards. In most industrially developed countries, the economy is strong enough either to provide jobs for most work-seekers or, failing that, an adequate social security system for households without breadwinners in place. In most developing countries with high unemployment rates, the labour law system makes only perfunctory effort to reach out to those facing economic marginalisation. South Africa, essentially a developing country, is not like that. The legal system is strong, works off a firm human rights base, and sets out to grapple with the issues. That is how it should be, but it comes at a price – an oftengraphic exposure of the limits of the law in a stressed society. Businesses operate for profit and survival according to the unsentimental ways of the market, and employees back in a bid to save jobs, lifestyles and livelihoods. The stakeholders use power when they have it, and make claims on the law when they don’t. The legislation and the case law reflect, add to and, to a degree, shape the complexities of these contests, and no more so than in the area of business restructuring.1 The new South Africa has quickly become the destination for foreign investment. The weakness of the rand against the dollar, pound, euro and with the “cost to sell and produce” being so low against these currencies, players on the corporate stage constantly change their make-up and composition. The larger engulfs the smaller, one company buys shares in another, or buys it out entirely, or all or part of its assets, and others are liquidated. In all these situations, employees in South Africa may find themselves with new bosses on the morning after. Under common law employees in this situation were deemed to have been discharged by the former employer, whether or not they have been offered positions in the transformed structure. If they did not want to work under it, they could not be forced to do so. That was because an employment contract was deemed in law to be one of a personal nature that could not be transferred from one employer to another without the employees consent. This research is conducted at an interesting time, when the amendments to the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 in respect of the transfer of a business, and in particular section 197, dealing with such matters comes into effect. It is also interesting in the sense that most judgements of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) and judgements of the Labour Court were moving more or less to a common approach or interpretation of section 197 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (hereinafter “the LRA”). Section 197 of the LRA sought to regulate the transfer of a business as a going concern and altered the common law regarding the transfer of a business in two situations – firstly when there is no insolvency, factual or legal, concerned, and secondly in the instance where the transferor is insolvent. The first extreme was when an employer is declared insolvent and the contracts of employment terminated automatically. The second extreme was from the first whereby the employer has to terminate the services of his employees and be liable to pay severance pay in terms of section 1893 of the LRA, which has also been amended along with section 197 of the LRA. It is as if this section was introduced to remedy these extremes. These extremes will be dealt with in detail in this paper. The transfer of goodwill and assets from the seller to the buyer occurs when a business is sold as a going concern. At common law the employees of a business cannot be transferred in the same manner. The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 altered this position. By enacting this section the legislature wanted to protect the interest of the employees in such transactions. Whether the legislature has succeeded or not is a matter that will be dealt with in this paper. It is all dependent on the interpretation of this section by the commissioners and judges. By including section 197 in the LRA, the legislature’s intention was to resolve the common law problem where employment contract terminated upon the sale of a business, and this section was intended to be an effective tool for protecting the employment of employees. In order to understand the labour law consequences of the transfer of a business, it is important to understand the provisions of sections 197 and 197A of the Labour Relations Amendment Act 2002. This will be dealt with and each section will be discussed in detail using relevant case law and literature. In considering investing in a South African based company by way of purchasing a share of the company and giving it your own flavour, one has to carefully consider the effects of this transaction. Companies wishing to restructure, outsource, merge or transfer some of its operations will need to understand what the implications of the labour legislation will have on their commercial rationale. Section 197 regulates the employment consequences when a transfer of a business takes place. This is defined to mean the transfer of a business by one employer (the old employer) to another employer (the new employer) as a going concern. Business is defined to include the whole or part of the business, trade undertaking or service. Like the current provision, the new provision referrers to the transfer of a business. It is therefore a wider concept than the sale of a business.4 No attempt is made to define what constitutes a going concern and the controversial issue of whether an outsourcing exercise can constitute a going concern transfer is also not explicitly dealt with. The fact that a business is defined to include a service may be an indication that it was intended to typify outsourcing as a going concern transfer, but this is not necessarily the case.5 The amendments to the Act6 came into effect on 1 August 2002. Sections 197 and 197(A) of the Act consequently seeks to regulate the transfer of a business. These regulations will be dealt with individually and in a format that would make each of the sections in sections 197 and 197(A), easy to understand and interpret. It will also become clear as to what the implications of each of the subsections will have on that commercial rationale. The issues highlighted above will be dealt with detail in this paper giving an overview of the Common Law, the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 and the new Labour Relations Amendment Act 2002.

Voice over IP (VoIP) services based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has gained much attention as compared to other protocols like H.323 or MGCP over the last decade. SIP is the most favorite signaling protocol for the current and future IP telephony services, and it‘s also becoming the real competitor for traditional telephony services. However, the open architecture of SIP results the provided services vulnerable to different types of security threats which are similar in nature to those currently existing on the Internet. For this reason, there is an obvious need to provide some kind of security mechanisms to SIP based VOIP implementations. In this research, we will discuss the security threats to SIP and will highlight the related open issues. Although there are many threats to SIP security but we will focus mainly on the session hijacking and DoS attacks. We will demonstrate these types of attacks by introducing a model/practical test environment. We will also analyze the effect and performance of some the proposed solutions that is the use of Network Address Translation (NAT), IPSec, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and Firewalls (IDS/IPS) with the help of a test scenario.

Pas de résumé / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Abstract Automatic three-dimensional scene reconstruction from multiple images is a central problem in geometric computer vision. This thesis considers topics that are related to this problem area. New models and methods are presented for various tasks in such specific domains as camera calibration, image-based modeling and image matching. In particular, the main themes of the thesis are geometric camera calibration and quasi-dense image matching. In addition, a topic related to the estimation of two-view geometric relations is studied, namely, the computation of a planar homography from corresponding conics. Further, as an example of a reconstruction system, a structure-from-motion approach is presented for modeling sewer pipes from video sequences. In geometric camera calibration, the thesis concentrates on central cameras. A generic camera model and a plane-based camera calibration method are presented. The experiments with various real cameras show that the proposed calibration approach is applicable for conventional perspective cameras as well as for many omnidirectional cameras, such as fish-eye lens cameras. In addition, a method is presented for the self-calibration of radially symmetric central cameras from two-view point correspondences. In image matching, the thesis proposes a method for obtaining quasi-dense pixel matches between two wide baseline images. The method extends the match propagation algorithm to the wide baseline setting by using an affine model for the local geometric transformations between the images. Further, two adaptive propagation strategies are presented, where local texture properties are used for adjusting the local transformation estimates during the propagation. These extensions make the quasi-dense approach applicable for both rigid and non-rigid wide baseline matching. In this thesis, quasi-dense matching is additionally applied for piecewise image registration problems which are encountered in specific object recognition and motion segmentation. The proposed object recognition approach is based on grouping the quasi-dense matches between the model and test images into geometrically consistent groups, which are supposed to represent individual objects, whereafter the number and quality of grouped matches are used as recognition criteria. Finally, the proposed approach for dense two-view motion segmentation is built on a layer-based segmentation framework which utilizes grouped quasi-dense matches for initializing the motion layers, and is applicable under wide baseline conditions.