El objetivo fundamental de esta Tesis Doctoral es el estudio y desarrollo de un procedimiento de formulación de imprimaciones epoxis en base disolvente, curables a temperatura ambiente y con elevada capacidad protectora frente a la corrosión de aceros al carbono.El procedimiento de formulación desarrollado se basa, principalmente, en la utilización de técnicas electroquímicas, mecánicas y calorimétricas que permitan seleccionar de forma progresiva los componentes más adecuados, así como sus proporciones óptimas según el fin perseguido.El estudio se inició con la selección de la matriz orgánica, a continuación se determinó el pigmento y la cantidad de plastificante, para finalmente definir las proporciones de endurecedor y catalizador. Todas estas etapas han sido contrastadas por distintas técnicas, obteniéndose resultados concordantes y acordes con el objetivo propuesto.Una nueva técnica electroquímica, AC/DC/AC, ha sido desarrollada en la presente tesis con resultados coherentes con la técnica de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y los ensayos tradicionales, pero con la enorme ventaja de su corta duración (menos de 24 horas).Finalmente, todo el trabajo realizado ha permitido formular una imprimación que posee como características más relevantes su curado a temperatura ambiente, una elevada resistencia a corrosión y unos costes moderados, y está basada fundamentalmente en:- Diglicil éter de bisfenol A (DGEBA).- Endurecedor tipo poliamina alifática.- Catalizador tipo amino fenol.- Pigmentación anticorrosiva no tóxica.- Butil-bencil ftalato como plastificante.- Disolventes: metoxipropanol y metiletilcetona.

The Greater than Class C (GTCC) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) evaluated the potential impacts from the construction and operation of a new facility or facilities, or use of an existing facility, employing various disposal methods (geologic repository, intermediate depth borehole, enhanced near surface trench, and above grade vault) at six federal sites and generic commercial locations. For three of the locations being considered as possible locations, consulting tribes were brought in to comment on their perceptions on how GTCC low level radioactive waste would affect Native American resources (land, water, air, plants, animals, archaeology, etc.) short and long term. The consulting tribes produced essays that were incorporated into the EIS and these essays are in turn included in this collection. This essay was produced by the Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations (CGTO) for the Nevada Test Site. The CGTO is a pan-Indian organization representing 17 tribes from California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona.

The Greater than Class C (GTCC) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) evaluated the potential impacts from the construction and operation of a new facility or facilities, or use of an existing facility, employing various disposal methods (geologic repository, intermediate depth borehole, enhanced near surface trench, and above grade vault) at six federal sites and generic commercial locations. For three of the locations being considered as possible locations, consulting tribes were brought in to comment on their perceptions on how GTCC low level radioactive waste would affect Native American resources (land, water, air, plants, animals, archaeology, etc.) short and long term. The consulting tribes produced essays that were incorporated into the EIS and these essays are in turn included in this collection. This essay was produced by members of the culturally affiliated tribes to Los Alamos National Lab.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are attractive energy sources for power trains in vehicles because of their low operating temperature that enables fast start-up and high power densities. Cost reduction and durability are the key issues to be solved before PEMFCs can be successfully commercialized. The major portion of fuel cell cost is associated with the catalyst layer which is typically comprised of carbon-supported Pt and ionomer. The degradation of the catalyst layer is one of the major failure modes that can cause voltage degradation and limit the service life of the fuel cell stack during operation. To develop a highly durable and better performing catalyst layer, topics such as the causes for the degradation, modes of failure, different mechanisms and effect of degradation on fuel cell performance must be studied thoroughly. Key degradation modes of catalyst layer are carbon corrosion and Pt dissolution. These two modes change the electrode structure in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and result in catalyst layer thinning, CO2 evolution, Pt deposition in the membrane and Pt agglomeration. Alteration of the electrode morphology can lead to voltage degradation. Accelerated stress tests (ASTs) which simulate the conditions and environments to which fuel cells are subject, but which can be completed in a timely manner, are commonly used to investigate the degradation of the various components. One of the current challenges in employing these ASTs is to relate the performance loss under a given set of conditions to the various life-limiting factors and material changes. In this study, various degradation modes of the cathode catalyst layer are isolated to study their relative impact on performance loss ‗Fingerprints‘ of identifiable performance losses due to carbon corrosion are developed for MEAs with 0.4 mg cm−2 cathode platinum loadings. The fingerprint is used to determine the extent of performance loss due to carbon corrosion and Pt dissolution in cases where both mechanisms operate. This method of deconvoluting the contributions to performance loss is validated by comparison to the measured performance losses when the catalyst layer is subjected to an AST in which Pt dissolution is predominant. The limitations of this method iv are discussed in detail. The developed fingerprint suggests that carbon loss leading to CO2 evolution during carbon corrosion ASTs contributes to performance loss of the cell. A mechanistic model for carbon corrosion of the cathode catalyst layer based on one appearing in the literature is developed and validated by comparison of the predicted carbon losses to those measured during various carbon corrosion ASTs. Practical use of the model is verified by comparing the predicted and experimentally observed performance losses. Analysis of the model reveals that the reversible adsorption of water and subsequent oxidation of the carbon site onto which water is adsorbed is the main cause of the current decay during ASTs. Operation of PEM fuel cells at higher cell temperatures and lower relative humidities accelerates Pt dissolution in the catalyst layer during ASTs. In this study, the effects of temperature and relative humidity on MEA degradation are investigated by applying a newly developed AST protocol in which Pt dissolution is predominant and involves the application of a potentiostatic square-wave pulse with a repeating pattern of 3s at 0.6 V followed by 3s at 1.0 V. This protocol is applied at three different temperatures (40°C, 60°C and 80°C) to the same MEA. A diagnostic signature is developed to estimate kinetic losses by making use of the effective platinum surface area (EPSA) obtained from cyclic voltammograms. The analysis indicates that performance degradation occurs mainly due to the loss of Pt in electrical contact with the support and becomes particularly large at 80°C. This Pt dissolution AST protocol is also investigated at three different relative humidities (100%, 50% and 0%). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of the MEAs show an increase in both the polarization and ohmic resistances during the course of the AST. Analysis by cyclic voltammetry shows a slight increase in EPSA when the humidity increases from 50% to 100%. The proton resistivity of the ionomer measured by carrying out impedance measurements on MEAs with H2 being fed on the anode side and N2 on the cathode side is found to increase by the time it reaches its end-of-life state when operated under 0 % RH conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 perez_l_me_bauru.pdf: 2493638 bytes, checksum: 26329bfa30a60d575a769d58ce9d9493 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A oxidação do metanol apresenta problemas acentuadamente complexos que ainda não foram satisfatoriamente solucionados. Possui um mecanismo duplo caminho, ou seja, diretamente a CO2 ou pelo caminho alternativo via intermediários. Também como intermediário/produto da reação ocorre a formação de CO que é usualmente identificado como o agente bloqueador da superfície eletródica devido à sua adsorção irreversível. Baseado em um estudo recente da reação de oxidação do metanol sobre Pt por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE), este trabalho teve por objetivo aplicar a técnica de EIE no estudo da eletrocatálise da reação de oxidação do metanol sobre fases intermetálicas ordenadas de PtMn, PtSb e PtSn em meio ácido, visto que os metais Mn, Sb e Sn por apresentarem característica oxifílica, podem formar mais facilmente espécies OH que promovem a oxidação de intermediários fortemente adsorvidos nos sítios ativos da superfície eletródica. Os intermetálicos também apresentam maior distância entre os sítios da platina o que pode favorecer uma configuração de adsorção vertical da molécula de CO que é mais fácil de oxidar quando comparado a uma configuração em ponte. Uma análise prévia da atividade catalítica desses materiais para a reação de oxidação do metanol foi realizada empregando-se as técnicas de voltametria cíclica cronoamperometria. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o processo de oxidação do metanal utilizando os intermetálicos apresentou um deslocamento para valores menos positivos do potencial de início de oxidação, necessitando de uma menor demanda energética para que o processo de oxidação ocorra sobre a superfície destes intermetálicos. A oxidação do metanol apresentou densidade de corrente de corrente de pico superior para esses materiais quando comparado... / Methanol oxidation reaction congregates very complex constraints that were not conveniently solved so far. This reaction usually follows a dual pathway, i.e. direct oxidation to CO2 or through an alternative path via stable intermediates. CO is the most commom identified intermediate of the reaction and surface blocking agent due to its irreversible adsorption characteristic. The here in research is based on recent study performed with the methanol oxidation reaction on Platinum by employing the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The aim of the research was to investigate the methanol oxidation reaction on PtMn, PtSb and PtSn ordered intermetallic surfaces, in acid medium, by means of the EIS technique. These materials were selected to the study since they have oxophilic metals (Mn, Sb and Sn) that could provide OH species on the electrode surface at electrode potentials less positive than polycrystalline Platinum under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, these surfaces also exhibits a larger Pt-Pt distance in comparison to polycrystalline Platinum that inhibits the stable bridge configuration adsorption of CO. The electrochemical data obtained have demonstrated that ehe methanol oxidation reaction on the studied surfaces presented a less positive onset potential as compared to Pt. The materials also have exhibited a higher maxima current densities and lower susceptibility for CO blocking than Pt. EIS spectra obtained fot the reaction taking place on Pt, PtSb and PtSn have presented an inductive component that is characteristic of stable intermediate adsorption process. Steady state measurements have pointed to a change in the mechanism of the reaction probably due to the action of surface oxygenated species. Furthemore, the EIS technique has been proved o be a powerful tool to investigate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Dias Ângelo / Banca: Joelma Perez / Banca: Mauro Coelho dos Santos / Resumo: A oxidação do metanol apresenta problemas acentuadamente complexos que ainda não foram satisfatoriamente solucionados. Possui um mecanismo duplo caminho, ou seja, diretamente a CO2 ou pelo caminho alternativo via intermediários. Também como intermediário/produto da reação ocorre a formação de CO que é usualmente identificado como o agente bloqueador da superfície eletródica devido à sua adsorção irreversível. Baseado em um estudo recente da reação de oxidação do metanol sobre Pt por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE), este trabalho teve por objetivo aplicar a técnica de EIE no estudo da eletrocatálise da reação de oxidação do metanol sobre fases intermetálicas ordenadas de PtMn, PtSb e PtSn em meio ácido, visto que os metais Mn, Sb e Sn por apresentarem característica oxifílica, podem formar mais facilmente espécies OH que promovem a oxidação de intermediários fortemente adsorvidos nos sítios ativos da superfície eletródica. Os intermetálicos também apresentam maior distância entre os sítios da platina o que pode favorecer uma configuração de adsorção vertical da molécula de CO que é mais fácil de oxidar quando comparado a uma configuração em ponte. Uma análise prévia da atividade catalítica desses materiais para a reação de oxidação do metanol foi realizada empregando-se as técnicas de voltametria cíclica cronoamperometria. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o processo de oxidação do metanal utilizando os intermetálicos apresentou um deslocamento para valores menos positivos do potencial de início de oxidação, necessitando de uma menor demanda energética para que o processo de oxidação ocorra sobre a superfície destes intermetálicos. A oxidação do metanol apresentou densidade de corrente de corrente de pico superior para esses materiais quando comparado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Methanol oxidation reaction congregates very complex constraints that were not conveniently solved so far. This reaction usually follows a dual pathway, i.e. direct oxidation to CO2 or through an alternative path via stable intermediates. CO is the most commom identified intermediate of the reaction and surface blocking agent due to its irreversible adsorption characteristic. The here in research is based on recent study performed with the methanol oxidation reaction on Platinum by employing the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The aim of the research was to investigate the methanol oxidation reaction on PtMn, PtSb and PtSn ordered intermetallic surfaces, in acid medium, by means of the EIS technique. These materials were selected to the study since they have oxophilic metals (Mn, Sb and Sn) that could provide OH species on the electrode surface at electrode potentials less positive than polycrystalline Platinum under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, these surfaces also exhibits a larger Pt-Pt distance in comparison to polycrystalline Platinum that inhibits the stable bridge configuration adsorption of CO. The electrochemical data obtained have demonstrated that ehe methanol oxidation reaction on the studied surfaces presented a less positive onset potential as compared to Pt. The materials also have exhibited a higher maxima current densities and lower susceptibility for CO blocking than Pt. EIS spectra obtained fot the reaction taking place on Pt, PtSb and PtSn have presented an inductive component that is characteristic of stable intermediate adsorption process. Steady state measurements have pointed to a change in the mechanism of the reaction probably due to the action of surface oxygenated species. Furthemore, the EIS technique has been proved o be a powerful tool to investigate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

La tribocorrosion peut être définie comme l’ étude de l’influence des facteurs environnementaux (chimiques et/ou électrochimiques) et mécanique (frottement) sur le comportement tribologique de surfaces en mouvement relatifs. En raison de leurs caractéristiques particulières: performances mécaniques, associées à une faible densité, bonne tenue à la corrosion, biocompatibilité, le titane et ses alliages sont souvent utilisés dans le domaine médical comme implants dentaires et orthopédiques. Cependant, leur faible résistance vis-À-Vis du frottement en milieu agressif et plus spécifiquement biologique reste un frein à leur usage courant dans le domaine prothétique. Pour améliorer la résistance à la corrosion et à l'usure du titane et de ses alliages, différentes méthodes de modification de la surface ont été proposées durant ces dernières décennies. Dans ce cadre, le but de ce travail est de comparer les comportements en corrosion et tribocorrosion du titane commercialement pur (cp Ti), avec ce même matériau ayant subi au préalable les traitements suivants :- soit une étape d'oxydation thermique à 650 °C à l’air durant 48 h (formation d’un film d'oxyde de titane (TiO2) en surface),- soit un dépôt électrochimique de calcium phosphate (CaP) en surface,- soit un dépôt électrochimique de calcium phosphate (CaP) suivi d’une tape d’oxydation thermique à 650 °C à l’air durant 6 h (formation d’un dépôt de type CaP/TiO2 en surface). Les phases cristallines des films modifiés ont été identifiées par diffraction des rayons X (XRD). La microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) en combinaison avec la spectroscopie à dispersion d'énergie (EDS) a été utilisée pour caractériser la morphologie et la composition de ces films.Le comportement en corrosion pure des échantillons cp Ti avec ou sans modifications de surface à été étudié in situ à partir des mesures électrochimiques de suivi du potentiel en circuit ouvert (OCP), de la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (EIS) et du tracé de courbes de polarisation potentio-Dynamiques.Le comportement en tribocorrosion à été étudié quant à lui à l'aide d'un tribomètre de type pion-Disque apte à travailler en milieu aqueux et permettant outre l’enregistrement des paramètres tribologiques classiques, la mise en œuvre in situ des techniques électrochimiques utilisées lors de l’étude en corrosion pure. Caractérisation et analyses de la surface(composition, morphologie, rugosité …) sont effectuées avant et après chaque étude de comportement (corrosion et tribocorrosion). Un protocole pour la culture des cellules sur la surface de titane a été validé, en se basant sur les résultats expérimentaux préliminaires. / Tribocorrosion is defined as the study of the interplay between chemical, electrochemical and mechanical processes that leads to a degradation of passivating materials in a corrosive environment. Due to the low density, excellent mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility, titanium and its alloys are widely used as dental and orthopedic implants. However, the poor wear resistant and bio-Inert properties limit their further development as more efficient and economic biomedical implants. To improve the corrosion-Wear resistance and even bioactivity of metallic implants, different surface modification methods are imposed in the past decades.The aim of this work is to provide a deep insight in the area of corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) under the guidance of a tribocorrosion protocol for passivating materials. And then three different surface modification treatments, as:- one-Step thermal oxidation at 650 °C for 48 h in air atmosphere to form a titania (TiO2) film on the surface of cp Ti.- one-Step electrochemical deposition of calcium phosphate (CaP) bioactive film on the surface of cp Ti.- electrochemical deposition of CaP bioactive film followed by thermal oxidation at 650 °C for 6 h in air atmosphere to form a CaP/TiO2 bioceramic film on cp Ti surface.The crystalline phases of the modified films were identified by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the morphology and composition of these films on cp Ti surface. In situ electrochemical measurements, like open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization are used to characterize the corrosion behavior of cp Ti samples without or with surface modification. The tribocorrosion behavior was investigated in an aqueous environment by combining a pin-On-Disc tribometer with the in situ electrochemical equipment. The classical tribological parameters could be also recorded under mechanical loaded condition. Surface characterization and analysis (like chemical composition, morphology, roughness...) are carried out before and after each corrosion and tribocorrosion test. A protocol for the culture of cells on the surface of titanium was validated, basing on the preliminary experimental results.

A indústria cimenteira busca alternativas para economia de recursos no processo produtivo, em especial envolvendo o uso de materiais residuais no cimento, como escórias siderúrgicas. A escória de aciaria, em particular, apresenta composição desfavorável para aplicação in natura, porém há metodologias na literatura de modificação do material para aplicações cimentícias. No entanto, ainda não se encontram avaliações da corrosão de armaduras de aço em compósitos cimentícios com essa adição, seja em meio sólido ou líquido (água de poro). Esse estudo avaliou, através de curvas de polarização e da espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE), a resistência à corrosão do aço CA-50 em soluções representativas de águas de poro extraídas por pressão de pastas de cimento com 25 % de escória de aciaria in natura ou modificada por processo pirometalúrgico. Para efeitos comparativos, foi feita também a avaliação do desempenho do aço em meios de águas de poro indicadas na literatura como representativas de cimento Portland comum e de escória de alto forno. O efeito da presença de espécies agressivas na resistência à corrosão do aço foi avaliado adicionando-se 1,0 % de NaCl em massa às soluções estudadas. Nas águas de poro sem 1,0 % de cloreto, o aço CA-50 apresentou-se passivo e não mostrou indícios de corrosão nos ensaios nem de polarização nem de EIE durante 120 h de imersão. Entretanto, os ajustes dos diagramas com circuito elétrico equivalente (CEE) apontaram que as características de proteção da camada passiva formada nas águas de poro de cimento com escória de aciaria foram superiores, resultando em maior resistência à corrosão do aço CA-50 nestes meios. Por sua vez, nos meios com 1,0 % de NaCl, após polarização e EIE até 120 h, o aço sofreu corrosão para as águas de poro de cimento comum e escória de alto forno, porém não corroeu nas águas de poro representativas de cimentos com escórias de aciaria, cujo melhor desempenho foi associado à maior alcalinidade destes meios. A caracterização microestrutural por microscopia eletrônica de varredura após os ensaios de polarização anódica e de imersão mostrou que o principal produto de corrosão formado foi a lepidocrocita (?-FeOOH), comum em ataque do aço por cloretos. / The cement industry seeks alternatives to save resources in production processes, especially involving the use of residual materials in cements, such as slags. Steel slags present unfavorable composition for application as cement additions in natura, but there are methodologies in the literature for modifying this material for commercial application. However, there are no evaluations of the corrosion of steel reinforcements in cementitious composites with steel slags, either in solid or liquid medium (pore water). The present study employed polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate the corrosion resistance of CA-50 steel in pore water solutions representative of cement pastes with 25 % steel slag in natura or modified by a pyrometallurgical process. For comparison purposes, the performance of CA-50 steel in the pore waters indicated in the literature as representatives of Portland cement and blast furnace slag activated with cement were also evaluated. The effect of aggressive species on the corrosion resistance of the steel was assessed by adding 1.0 % NaCl by mass to the pore water solutions. Without 1.0 % chloride addition, CA-50 steel exhibited good performance and showed no evidences of corrosion in all of the investigated media, both in anodic polarization and in EIS tests performed up to 120 h immersion. However, the fitting of the EIS diagrams with equivalent electric circuit (EEC) revealed that the protectiveness of the passive layer formed in pore waters representative of cements with steel slags were superior, indicating better corrosion resistance of CA-50 steel in these media. Conversely, when 1.0 % chloride was added to the pore waters, CA-50 steel presented pitting corrosion, and impedance decreases with immersion in the pore waters representative of pure cement and blast furnace slag, whereas no corrosion was detected by both methodologies in pore waters representatives of cements with steel slags, which superior performance was ascribed to their higher alkalinity. Microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after anodic polarization and immersion tests showed that the main corrosion product formed was lepidocrocite (?-FeOOH), usual of chloride attack of steel.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a preparação de um revestimento inteligente com resina epóxi, capaz de autorreparar-se quando o sofre um defeito mecânico. A autorreparação é possibilitada pela presença de microcápsulas, dispersas na resina (revestimento de epóxi sem pigmentos) e que contêm no seu núcleo o agente de autorreparação, o óleo de linhaça. Estas cápsulas foram preparadas por uma emulsão de óleo de linhaça em água para formar micelas e sobre estas uma parede ou casca exterior de poliuréia-formaldeído. Para a avaliação da resistência à corrosão e do efeito de autorreparação do revestimento, chapas de aço carbono foram revestidas e avaliadas pela técnica de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) em 0.1molL-1 1 NaCl e também foram avaliadas pelo teste acelerado de corrosão em câmara de névoa salina (SSC). Após a cura do revestimento aditivado com as microcápsulas, aplicado sobre placas de aço carbono, as medidas eletroquímicas de impedância foram realizadas em corpos de prova com um defeito mecânico provocado de forma controlada e reprodutível. Uma célula de três eletrodos foi utilizada. Estas medidas foram efetuadas após 0h, 24h e 48h da execução da incisão ou defeito mecânico. Para comparação, as mesmas medidas foram realizadas com as placas pintadas com o revestimento não-aditivado, com a mesma espessura total de 120 m. Os resultados mostraram que as cápsulas foram quebradas e se liberou o óleo de linhaça, reparando a área da incisão o defeito após pelo menos 24 horas de exposição natural ao ar ambiente. Verificou-se que para as placas revestidas sem defeito, os valores de | Z | mantiveram-se elevados. No entanto, o revestimento sem as microcápsulas, após 24 horas, mostrou uma diminuição considerável no valor de módulo de impedância, |Z|. Assim, usando a técnica de EIE foi possível avaliar quantitativamente o mecanismo de autorreparação do revestimento aditivado com microcápsulas que contêm óleo de linhaça. Os ensaios acelerados de corrosão (SSC) mostraram resultados em estreita concordância com os obtidos por EIE. / The aim of this work was the preparation of a smart coating with epoxy resin which is able to repair itself (self-healing effect) after suffering a mechanical defect. Self-healing is possible due to the presence of microcapsules, dispersed in the resin (clear type epoxy coating) and contain in their core the self-healing agent, the linseed oil. These capsules were prepared in an emulsion of linseed oil in water to form micelles and an outer skin or wall of poly(urea-formaldehyde) was formed. For the corrosion resistance and the self-healing effect evaluation of the coating, carbon steel plates were coated and tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) in 0.1molL-1 NaCl solution and by accelerated corrosion test in salt spray chamber (SSC). After curing of the capsules additivated epoxy based clear coating applied on carbon steel plates, electrochemical impedance measurements were performed on plates with a controlled and reproducible mechanical defect. A three-electrode electrochemical cell was used. These measurements were performed after 0h, 24h and 48h of making the incision or mechanical defect. For comparison, the same measurements were performed with the plates painted with a non- capsules additivated clear coating of the same total thickness of 120 m. The results showed that the capsules were broken and released the linseed oil, which indeed have repaired the incision area after at least 24 hours of natural air aging. It was found that for the plates coated without a defect, the values of impedance modulus, |Z|, remained high. However, the coating without the capsules after 24 hours, showed a considerable decrease in |Z|. So, using EIS it was possible to quantitatively assess the mechanism of self-healing of the additivated coating using microcapsules containing linseed oil. The SSC accelerated corrosion tests showed results in close agreement with those obtained by EIS.

No Brasil, os EIAS/RIMAS são o principal instrumento para a análise de viabilidade ambiental dos empreendimentos potencialmente causadores de significativo impacto ambiental, sendo também peça indispensável ao processo licenciamento ambiental. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central a abordagem geomorfológica adotada em EIAs de usina hidrelétricas no período entre 1993 a 2014. Foram analisados 13 registros de EIAs elaborados para usinas hidrelétricas cujo licenciamento ocorre em nível federal, analisando informações como escala de abordagem, escola teórica, procedimento metodológico, etc. Todos estes dados foram analisados quali e quantitativamente, sendo que os resultados apresentados permitem verificar o aprimoramento técnico contínuo na abordagem geomorfológica nestes estudos ambientais. Os resultados da pesquisa também proporcionaram a elaboração de recomendações visando à elaboração de futuros estudos de impactos ambientais. / In Brazil, the Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) are the main instrument for environmental feasibility analysis of enterprises, which can cause significant environmental impact, and is also indispensable part of environmental licensing process. This research is based on the geomorphological approach adopted in EIAs (Estudos de Impacto Ambiental, or Environmental Impact Studies, in free translation) applied for hydroelectric power plants, in the period of 1993-2014. We have analyzed 13 EIAs designed to hydroelectric power plant which licensing occurs at the federal level, analyzing information such as scale approach , theoretical school, content, assignment of technical staff , etc. All these data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the results allow verify the continuous technical improvement in the geomorphological approach of these environmental studies. The results have also provided the elaboration of recommendations for the development of future environmental impacts studies.