Applying Occam's razor in order to minimize ontological commitments is among the central methods of Bertrand Russell's philosophy after 1905 and onwards. The year 1905 was specially significant for Russell in that respect, as he published in this year the groundbreaking paper titled 'On Denoting'. In this paper, he introduced, for the first time, the today widely acknowledged semantical theory, Theory of Descriptions. According to the canonical interpretation of Russell, which is represented, for the most part, by W. V. O. Quine's paper 'Russell's Ontological Development' (1966), Russell tended to embrace 'Meinongian' ontological commitments: these were ontological commitments to coherent and non-actual entities such as the present king of France (possibilia) and ontological commitments to incoherent entities such as the round square. In Quine's view, Russell could not dodge such commitments until he discovered Theory of Descriptions. This interpretation has been challenged recently and it is the main objective of this essay to defend Quine against his opponents. I provide a detailed account of those parts of Russell's philosophy before 'On Denoting' which precluded him from refuting conclusively the problematic ontological commitments. In order to provide such an account, we dive deep into the...

Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons aux propriétés qualitatives et quantitatives des solutions de quelques équations d'ondes en milieux dispersifs ou dispersifs-dissipatifs. Dans une première partie, nous étudions le problème de Cauchy associé aux équations de Benjamin-Ono généralisées. A l'aide de transformées de jauge, combinées avec des outils d'analyse harmonique, nous prouvons des résultats concernant le caractère localement bien posé pour des données initiales de régularité minimale dans l'échelle des espaces de Sobolev. Dans une seconde partie, nous étudions le problème de Cauchy pour des versions dissipatives des équations de Benjamin-Ono et de Korteweg-de Vries. Nous mettons en évidence l'influence des effets dissipatifs sur ces équations en donnant des résultats optimaux sur leur caractère bien ou mal posé. Ceux-ci sont obtenus en travaillant dans des espaces de type Bourgain adaptés à la partie dispersive-dissipative. Pour finir nous étudions le comportement asymptotique des solutions des équations de KdV dissipatives, lorsque celles-ci existent pour tout temps, en calculant explicitement les premiers termes du développement asymptotique dans de nombreux espaces de Sobolev / This thesis deals with the qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions to some wave equations in dispersive or dispersive-dissipative media. In the first part, we study the Cauchy problem for the generalized Benjamin-Ono equations. By means of gauge transforms combined with some harmonic analysis tools, we prove some local well-posedness results for initial data with minimal regularity in Sobolev spaces. In the second part, we study the Cauchy problem for some dissipative versions of the Benjamin-Ono and Korteweg-de Vries equations. We show the influence of the dissipative effects and prove sharp well and ill-posedness results. This is obtained by working in suitable Bourgain's spaces, adapted to the dispersive-dissipative part of the equation. Finally, we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the dissipative KdV equations. We explicitly compute the first terms of the asymptotic expansion in Sobolev spaces

L’œuvre de Juan Carlos Onetti, féconde, diverse et originale, représente un renouveau de la littérature uruguayenne et latino-américaine. C’est dans les pages de la revue Marcha où, entre 1939 et 1941, il était secrétaire de rédaction, qu’il exposera sa vision de la littérature qui nécessite, d’après lui, et avec urgence, un renouvellement. Lui-même va mettre en place ses théories littéraires et, à travers son œuvre et sa ville mythique, Santa María, il va créer une nouvelle littérature urbaine plus en accord avec l’homme et le monde de son époque. En France, pendant les années quarante naît le Nouveau Roman, courant littéraire novateur qui représente une rupture dans les lettres françaises. Souvent appelée « littérature du regard », les textes du Nouveau Roman vont au-delà des formes narratives traditionnelles. Le propos de ce travail est l’étude comparée de l’oeuvre de Juan Carlos Onetti et de certaines oeuvres de deux écrivains du Nouveau Roman : Robbe-Grillet et Claude Simon. À partir de trois axes, l’étude d’un personnage en crise, l’étude des voix narratives, et l’étude des rapports entre l’homme, l’écriture et la fiction, ce travail de recherche interroge et analyse les formules narratives nouvelles qui ont bouleversé les règles du passé. / The work of Juan Carlos Onetti, prolific, diverse and singular, represents the renovation of the Uruguayan and Latin-American literature. When he was assistant editor for the magazine Marcha between 1939 and 1941, he exposed in a series of articles his viewpoint about literature, which needed, as he stated, a renovation urgently. His own work illustrates those theories; and with the mythic city Santa Maria he created, he developed a new kind of urban literature more in accordance with his contemporaries and the world he lived in. In France, the Nouveau Roman, which emerged in about 1940, constitutes a rupture in French literature. This innovative movement, often called "literature of look", went beyond traditional narrative forms. The purpose of this study is to compare Juan Carlos Onetti’s work with certain books written by two representatives of the Nouveau Roman: Robbe-Grillet and Claude Simon. From three axes the study of a character in crisis, the study of different narrative voices and the study of the relationship between man, his writings and fiction, this research work questions and analyses new narrative forms which definitively changed the rules of the Past.

A l’heure où l’Angola voit dans les ressources en matières premières et dans la démocratie des opportunités pour le développement, il est urgent de faire une halte sur la question des ressources humaines. Un vrai développement passe nécessairement par la promotion de l’homme et de sa culture habité par la dialectique de la vie et de la mort. Notre recherche sur "L’exclusion culturelle et le salut en Jésus-Christ dans le contexte actuel de l’Angola" prend l’homme dans sa condition culturelle et religieuse. Ainsi, face à l’exclusion comme déni de l’humanité de l’autre et du salut promis à tout homme, nous proposons l’inclusion comme puissance salvifique posée par le Messie Jésus et annoncée dans l’Évangile, inclusion à réaliser sur tous les modes : politique, social, religieux et culturel. En proposant l’inclusion comme paradigme du salut, nous soulignons la mission de l’Église qui est essentiellement témoignage actif de Jésus-Christ dont la pro-existence révèle le visage de l’amour inclusif de Dieu compris comme miséricorde et don total de vie. / At a time when Angola looks into the raw material resources and democracy as the opportunities for development, it is urgent to pause on the question of human resources. A true development necessarily means the promotion of the human person and its lived culture through the dialectics of life and death. Our research on "Cultural Exclusion and Salvation in Jesus Christ in the present context of Angola" takes man in his cultural and religious conditions. So, facing exclusion as a denial of the humaneness of the other and the salvation promised to all men, we propose an inclusion as a salvific force laid down by Jesus the Messiah and as announced in the Gospels, the inclusion to realise in all modes : political, social, religious and cultural. In proposing inclusion as a paradigm of salvation, we emphasize on the mission of the Church which is essentially an active witness of Jesus Christ of which the pro-existence reveals the face of inclusive love of God understood as the mercy and a total gift of life.

Title: Mathematical analysis and computer simulations of deformation of nonlinear elastic bodies in the small strain range. Author: Vojtěch Kulvait Department: Mathematical Institute of Charles University Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Josef Málek, CSc., Dsc. Abstract: Implicit constitutive theory provides a suitable theoretical framework for elastic materials that exhibit a nonlinear relationship between strain and stress in the range of small strains. We study a class of power-law models, where the nonlinear dependence of strain on the deviatoric part of the stress tensor and its trace are mutually separated. We show that these power-law models are capable to describe the response of a wide variety of beta phase titanium alloys in the small strain range and that these models fit available experimental data exceedingly well. We also develop a mathematical theory regarding the well-posedness of boundary value problems for the considered class of power-law solids. In particular, we prove the existence of weak solutions for power law exponents in the range (1, ∞). Finally, we perform computer simulations for these problems in the anti-plane stress setting focusing on the V-notch type geometry. We study the dependence of solutions on the values of power law exponents and on the V-notch opening angle. We achieve...

PETR POLA : PROLEGOMENA TO PROBLEMATICS OF SOLITUDE Dissertation abstract The aim of the dissertation entitled Prolegomena to Problematics of Solitude is to introduce solitude as an existential characteristic, explore ways of its surpassing and articulate its relationship to experience of art. The issue of solitude represents for us a possible way to understand modern existence. First we examine the problem of solitude as an problem of isolated existence and formulate the question of its origin. The resolution of existential loneliness and solitude of being come to grasp the possibility of a relationship between isolation and solitude of being as sovereignty of being. Existential solitude means to effacer the relation of one who exists to oneself, which is a precondition for its existence. Finally we formulate a relationship between existential solitude and essential solitude, which is the paradigm for the experience of art especially for M. Blanchot. Deepening the problematics of existential solitude also enables to formulate the basis for discussions on the concept of subjectivity, which recently been revived.

nÃo hà / A relaÃÃo entre o privado e o pÃblico, potencialmente acontece nos processos comunicacionais (FLUSSER; 2007) da pÃs-modernidade (KELLNER; 2001) e contemporaneidade (AGAMBEM; 2009). Os sujeitos sociais, nestes processos, estÃo inseridos em discursos (FOUCAULT; 1970) institucionalizantes e codificantes (BOURDIEU; 1990). A fim de deliberar questÃes Ãntimas como forma de posicionamento, o sujeito relata a si (BUTLER; 2015) tentando compreender o universo moral que orbita. O Corpo (PIRES; 2005) aqui à trabalhado como fluxo dialÃgico (FLUSSER; 2014) entre teoria acadÃmica, vida e performance (GLUSBERG; 2013). A performance à o campo de conhecimento amplo de experiÃncias entre vida e arte (COHEN; 2011). A imersÃo do pesquisador como performer, aconteceu a partir de pesquisa artÃstica em autoperformance (VIEIRA; 2006), body art e performance art (COHEN; 2011). Desencadeando processos autobiogrÃficos, midiÃticos (KELLNER; 2001) e corporificantes. A premissa inicial do trabalho à compreender as relaÃÃes entre sexo/gÃnero/sexualidade e seus discursos codificantes/contextuais (LAQUEUR; 2001) no universo LGBTQI+, sua midiatizaÃÃo institucional e virtual livre na Internet (CASTELLS; 2001). Ginger atravÃs de experiÃncias com corpos drag (COELHO;2012) investiu pesquisa acadÃmica e performÃtica em gÃnero queer (SALIH; 2002). Ginger, entre performatividades (BUTLER; 1990), performances artÃsticas e imagens performativas (SANTOS; 2011), existiu esteticamente (FOUCAULT; 1984) como imagem poÃtica de si mesma. Este trabalho tem proposta ensaÃstica (FLUSSER; 2007) como metodologia de anÃlise. / A relaÃÃo entre o privado e o pÃblico, potencialmente acontece nos processos comunicacionais (FLUSSER; 2007) da pÃs-modernidade (KELLNER; 2001) e contemporaneidade (AGAMBEM; 2009). Os sujeitos sociais, nestes processos, estÃo inseridos em discursos (FOUCAULT; 1970) institucionalizantes e codificantes (BOURDIEU; 1990). A fim de deliberar questÃes Ãntimas como forma de posicionamento, o sujeito relata a si (BUTLER; 2015) tentando compreender o universo moral que orbita. O Corpo (PIRES; 2005) aqui à trabalhado como fluxo dialÃgico (FLUSSER; 2014) entre teoria acadÃmica, vida e performance (GLUSBERG; 2013). A performance à o campo de conhecimento amplo de experiÃncias entre vida e arte (COHEN; 2011). A imersÃo do pesquisador como performer, aconteceu a partir de pesquisa artÃstica em autoperformance (VIEIRA; 2006), body art e performance art (COHEN; 2011). Desencadeando processos autobiogrÃficos, midiÃticos (KELLNER; 2001) e corporificantes. A premissa inicial do trabalho à compreender as relaÃÃes entre sexo/gÃnero/sexualidade e seus discursos codificantes/contextuais (LAQUEUR; 2001) no universo LGBTQI+, sua midiatizaÃÃo institucional e virtual livre na Internet (CASTELLS; 2001). Ginger atravÃs de experiÃncias com corpos drag (COELHO;2012) investiu pesquisa acadÃmica e performÃtica em gÃnero queer (SALIH; 2002). Ginger, entre performatividades (BUTLER; 1990), performances artÃsticas e imagens performativas (SANTOS; 2011), existiu esteticamente (FOUCAULT; 1984) como imagem poÃtica de si mesma. Este trabalho tem proposta ensaÃstica (FLUSSER; 2007) como metodologia de anÃlise. / The relationship between the private and the public, potentially happens in the communicational processes (FLUSSER; 2007) of post-modernity (KELLNER; 2001) and contemporany (AGAMBEM; 2009). The social subjects, in these processes, are inserted in speeches (FOUCAULT; 1970) institutional and encoding (BOURDIEU; 1990). In order to decide issues as intimate form of positioning, the subject says to himself (BUTLER; 2015) Trying to understand the moral universe that orbits. The Body (PIRES, 2005) here is worked as a dialogical flow (FLUSSER; 2014) between academic theory, life and performance (GLUSBERG; 2013). The performance isthe field of broad knowledge of experience between life and art (COHEN; 2011). The immersion of the researcher as a performer, happened from artistic research in autoperformance (VIEIRA; 2006) body art and performance art (COHEN; 2011). Unleashing autobiographical processes, media (KELLNER; 2001) and corporificantes. The initial premise of the work is to understand the relationship between sex/gender/sexuality and his speeches encoding/context (LAQUEUR, 2001) in the universe LGBTIQ+, its institutional mediatization and free virtual on the Internet (CASTELLS, 2001). Ginger through experiences with drag body (COELHO; 2012) invested academic research and performer in gender queer (SALIH; 2002). Ginger between performatividades (BUTLER, 1990), artistic performances and images arts (SANTOS 2011) there has been aesthetically (FOUCAULT, 1984) as a poetic image of herself. This work has proposed test text (FLUSSER, 2007) as a method of analysis. / The relationship between the private and the public, potentially happens in the communicational processes (FLUSSER; 2007) of post-modernity (KELLNER; 2001) and contemporany (AGAMBEM; 2009). The social subjects, in these processes, are inserted in speeches (FOUCAULT; 1970) institutional and encoding (BOURDIEU; 1990). In order to decide issues as intimate form of positioning, the subject says to himself (BUTLER; 2015) Trying to understand the moral universe that orbits. The Body (PIRES, 2005) here is worked as a dialogical flow (FLUSSER; 2014) between academic theory, life and performance (GLUSBERG; 2013). The performance isthe field of broad knowledge of experience between life and art (COHEN; 2011). The immersion of the researcher as a performer, happened from artistic research in autoperformance (VIEIRA; 2006) body art and performance art (COHEN; 2011). Unleashing autobiographical processes, media (KELLNER; 2001) and corporificantes. The initial premise of the work is to understand the relationship between sex/gender/sexuality and his speeches encoding/context (LAQUEUR, 2001) in the universe LGBTIQ+, its institutional mediatization and free virtual on the Internet (CASTELLS, 2001). Ginger through experiences with drag body (COELHO; 2012) invested academic research and performer in gender queer (SALIH; 2002). Ginger between performatividades (BUTLER, 1990), artistic performances and images arts (SANTOS 2011) there has been aesthetically (FOUCAULT, 1984) as a poetic image of herself. This work has proposed test text (FLUSSER, 2007) as a method of analysis.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude mathématique des écoulements complexes dans des tubes minces. Les difficultés ne sont pas seulement liées à la rhéologie complexe, mais aussi aux conditions au bord sur la pression en entrée et en sortie (qui sont moins habituelles, mais réalistes du point de vue physique). Dans une première partie, des écoulements quasi-newtoniens stationnaires sont étudiés. D’abord, on utilise la petitesse du domaine pour montrer l’existence de la solution. Ensuite, on écrit un développement asymptotique de cette solution et on calcule formellement ses coefficients. Finalement, on justifie rigoureusement la validité de ce développement en démontrant des estimations d’erreur. Dans une deuxième partie, on considère des écoulements de fluides visco-élastiques décrits par la loi d’Oldroyd en régime stationnaire. Le modèle que nous avons choisi contient un terme diffusif en contrainte, dont l’ordre de grandeur est lié à la petitesse du domaine. Similairement à la première partie, un développement asymptotique est complètement justifié du point de vue mathématique. Dans le cas particulier de domaines axisymétriques une solution numérique est cherchée afin de la comparer à la solution obtenue via la technique asymptotique. Dans une dernière partie, on étudie les équations de Navier-Stokes non stationnaires. Un résultat d’existence des solutions fortes pour des données petites est démontré. Malheureusement, la méthode directe ne nous a pas permis pas d’avoir suffisamment de contrôle par rapport à la petitesse du domaine. Pour obtenir le résultat désiré, on utilise l’approche à la Kato, basé sur la théorie de C0 semigroupes. / This thesis is devoted to the mathematical analysis of complex flows in thin pipes. The difficulties stem not only from the complex rheology, but also from the boundary conditions used involving the pressure (which are rather atypical, but realistic from a physical point of view).In the first part, we study stationary, quasi-newtonian flows. The existence of a solution is shown using the smallness of the domain as a key ingredient. Furthermore, an asymptotic expansion of this solution is sought and its coefficients are formally computed. Lastly, the validity of this expansion is rigorously justified by proving error estimates. In the second part, we consider visco-elastic flows represented by Oldroyd’s law in stationary regime. The model which we have chosen contains a diffusive stress term, whose order of magnitude is related to the smallness of the domain. Similarly to the first part, a complete asymptotic expansion in mathematically justified. For the special case of axisymmetric domains a numerical solution is sought in order to compare it against the one obtained via the asymptotic technique. In the last part we study the non stationary Navier-Stokes equations. An existence result of strong solutions for small initial data is proven. Unfortunately, the direct method – based on energy estimates – doesn’t give us an optimal control of the smallness constant with respect to the size of the domain. To obtain the desired result, we employ the method of C 0 semigroups of linear operators.

Cette thèse concerne l’étude qualitative (existence locale, existence globale, explosion en temps fini) de quelques équations de Schrödinger non-linéaires non-locales. Dans le cas où les solutions explosent en temps fini, l’estimation du temps maximal d’existence des solutions sera présentée. Le chapitre 1 concerne l’étude d’une équation de Schrödinger non-linéaire sur RN. On s’intéresse à l’existence locale d’une solution pour toute condition initiale donnée dans L2(RN). De plus, on montre que la norme-L2 de la solution explose en temps fini T < 1. Les démonstrations reposent essentiellement sur le théorème de point fixe de Banach et les estimations de Strichartz, et aussi sur le choix convenable de la fonction test dans la formulation faible du problème. Dans le chapitre 2, on considère une équation de Schrödinger non-linéaire non-locale en temps, et on démontre que les solutions de notre problème explosent en temps fini ; ensuite on obtient des conditions nécessaires d’existence globale. Finalement, on obtient une borne inférieure du temps maximal d’existence de la solution. Le chapitre 3 porte sur la non-existence de solutions d’une équation de Schrödinger non-linéaire posée dans RN. Dans un premier temps, sous certaines conditions sur la donnée initiale, on montre qu’il n’existe pas de solution faible globale ; puis on donne une estimation du temps maximal d’existence de la solution. Enfin, on établit des conditions d’existence locale, ou globale de l’équation considérée. En plus, on généralise les résultats précédents au cas d’un système 2 _ 2. Le dernier chapitre traite une équation de Schrödinger non-linéaire non-locale en temps sur le groupe de Heisenberg H. En utilisant la méthode de la fonction test, on démontre que l’équation n’admet pas de solution faible globale. De plus, on obtient, sous certaines conditions sur les données initiales, une estimation inférieure du temps maximal d’existence de la solution. / Our objective in this thesis is to study the existence of local solutions, existence global and blow up of solutions at a finite time to some nonlinear nonlocal Schrödinger equations. In the case when a solution blows-up at a finite time T < 1, we obtain an upper estimate of the life span of solutions. In the first chapter, we consider a nonlinear Schrödinger equation on RN. We first prove local existence of solution for any initial condition in L2 space. Then we prove nonexistence of a nontrivial global weak solution. Furthermore, we prove that the L2-norm of the local intime L2-solution blows up at a finite time. The second chapter is dedicated to study an initial value problem for the nonlocal intime nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Using the test function method, we derive a blow-up result. Then based on integral inequalities, we estimate the life span of blowing-up solutions. In the chapter 3, we prove nonexistence result of a space higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Then, we obtain an upper bound of the life span of solutions. Furthermore, the necessary conditions for the existence of local or global solutions are provided. Next, we extend our results to the 2 _ 2-system. Our method of proof rests on a judicious choice of the test function in the weak formulation of the equation. Finally, we consider a nonlinear nonlocal in time Schrödinger equation on the Heisenberg group. We prove nonexistence of non-trivial global weak solution of our problem. Furthermore, we give an upper bound of the life span of blowing up solutions.

Le voyage des étudiants africains en situation coloniale constitue le sujet d’une mise en scène récurrente dans la littérature africaine d’expression française des années cinquante. À l’époque des combats décoloniaux, politiques et idéologiques, certains écrivains comme Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Camara Laye ou Aké Loba font de l’expérience de la colonisation culturelle le cœur de leurs œuvres littéraires. Leurs textes portant sur le voyage pour études des héros vers la France s’articulent autour d’une isotopie narrative, spatiale et existentielle : une migration en forme d’impasse, reposant sur quantité de promesses trahies, de rêves aux perspectives brisées, d’expériences de déréliction mortifère. L’étude du fonctionnement littéraire de la déception progressive des personnages d’élèves africains colonisés permet de mettre au jour le processus de subjectivation qui détermine leur horizon bouché. Car les trompe-l’œil idéologiques de l’entreprise coloniale dissimulent un mouvement de capture existentielle qui arraisonne les personnages et les transforme en sujet de domination. Depuis le tournant des indépendances politiques, le traitement littéraire de ces aventures échouées continue d’interroger le temps présent. Ces êtres tendus entre des espaces et des univers de valeurs antagoniques questionnent la négociation des identités postcoloniales. Comme si, en entrant dans la fabrique du personnage colonisé, partant à la rencontre de ses mécanismes et de ses modèles, nous avions rendez-vous avec les formes contemporaines de leur développement mondialisé. / The travels of African students in a colonial situation are a recurring subject in Frenchspeaking African literature of the 1950s. At the time of de-colonial, political and ideological struggles, some writers such as Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Camara Laye or Aké Loba have put the experience of cultural colonization at the heart of their literary work. Their writings, aboutthe study trips of the main characters to France, are based on a spatial and existential isotopy: a dead-end migration, based on many betrayed promises, dreams with broken perspectives, experiences of deathly dereliction. The study of the literary device of the progressive disenchantment of these characters – African, colonized students – allows to shed light on thesubjectivation process that shapes their barred horizons. Indeed, the ideological deceit of the colonial endeavor hides a movement of existential capture that grabs the character and makes them subjects of domination. Since the turning point of political independencies, the literary outlook on those failed adventures keeps interrogating our present times. These beings, stretched between spaces and universes of opposed values, question the negotiation of postcolonial identities. As if, by entering the mold of the colonized character, by going to meet its mechanisms and models, we had an appointment with the modern-day shapes of their globalized development.