Children's obesity is a global issue. Overweight is associated with many health complications and social inconveniences. The theoretical part is devoted to the general causes of obesity development, complications associated with obesity and treatment of obesity. Physical activity, children's and adolescent's eating habits are discussed in the following chapter. Short parts are devoted to describing the characteristics of adolescents period and modern technologies. The group consisted of 11 adolescents aged from 11 to 18 years. The adolescents were observed for two months. During this period, adolescents recorded physical activity, number of steps, number of hours spent with technologies (mobile phones, computers, tablets, laptops). Each of them also wrote down their eating habits. All eating habits diets were provided evaluated and compared with recommendations. Adolescents were measured twice on a bioimpedance device, their body compositions were determined and evaluated based on their measuring. Research proved that each respondent has shown a change in body composition (ratio between muscle and fat), which did not always show a decrease in total body weight. For adolescents, motivation was caused by borrowed pedometers. But not even thanks to this modern technology, adolescents were not able to...

The theme of this thesis is sports diet. It is divided into two parts. A theoretical part explains balanced died. It describes the mechanics of energy generation during physical activity and the characteristics of rowing and Crossfit. The focus is on diet in those disciplines. Based on the theoretical foundation is build a practical part, where the statistical data are analyzed and evaluated. The goal of this thesis is to discover, whether there is a difference between rower's and Crossfit athlete's diets. To find out, specialized questionaries about eating habits have been used. Sixteen sportsmen/sportswomen have filled the questionaries. Based upon collected data about their intake of selected nutrients in the last month, there were no statistically significant differences in energy income, protein consumption (neither animal nor plant-based), amount of fruit and vegetables, fatty acid spectrum nor added sugar income. The data have nonetheless indicated differences, eg. Crossfitters tend to have higher animal protein consumption and lower intake of fruit. Key words: crossfit, eating habits, nutrition, rowing, sport diet

Background: Overweight and obesity among children under the age of 5 have become a public health problem. The worldwide prevalence is 4.9% and 6.0%, whereas in Peru it is 7.4% and 1.9%, respectively. The causes of these problems are multifactorial and must be studied to prevent the multiple consequences on children's health. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Family Health Survey (DHS). The sample size was 7935 children and their mothers. The dependent variable was childhood overweight/obesity, measured according to the Z-score of the BMI >2 standard deviation (SD), while the main independent variable consisted of the maternal depressive symptoms (DS) (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score >10 points). The software STATA/MP 14.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among children aged 0-5 years was 4.5% and the prevalence of moderate and severe maternal DS was 7.1%. No maternal depressive symptoms were found to be associated with the outcome [adjusted PR = 1.36 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-3.09 p = 0.47]. An association was found between socioeconomic status (SES) Q3 (adjusted PR = 3.86 95% CI = 1.9-7.6 p < 0.0001), Q4 (adjusted PR = 5.53 95% CI = 2.76-11.1 p < 0.0001), Q5 (adjusted PR = 6.9 95% CI = 3.24-14.7 p = < 0.0001), maternal BMI (adjusted PR = 1.06 95% CI = 1.03-1.08 p < 0.0001), and cesarean delivery (adjusted PR = 1.42 95% CI = 1.01-1.99 p = 0.042). Conclusions: No association was found between maternal depressive symptoms and overweight/obesity among children aged 0-5 years. The upper SES quintiles, maternal BMI, and cesarean delivery were associated with the outcome. / Revisión por pares

A survey of 274 adolescents aged 14-16 years in rural Appalachia showed that unhealthy eating habits were prevalent. A few adolescents were teased about weight whereas 20.1% witnessed weight teasing almost everyday. Perception of parents' healthy eating and better social support for healthy eating were associated with healthier eating habits.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund Forskning har visat att pojkars och flickors matvanor skiljer sig åt på högstadiet. Riksmaten ungdoms resultat visade att mer än 90% av deltagarna åt mindre än hälften av den rekommenderade mängden frukt och grönsaker. Ungdomar har god kännedom om vad som anses vara hälsosam och ohälsosam mat. Utbildning i matlagning behöver finnas med i läroplanen för att säkerställa att kunskapen om goda vanor bevaras ur ett hälsoperspektiv. Syfte Syftet var att studera hur högstadieelever resonerar kring matvanor och vad som påverkar deras matvanor. Metod Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 17 informanter,tio flickor och sju pojkar som fyllt 15 år. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Största delen av informanterna säger att sallad och grönsaker är hälsosamma val av livsmedel. Låg fetthalt, gärna vegetariskt och hemlagat nämns som bra val ur hälsoperspektiv. Att äta varierad kost för att få i sig alla näringsämnen en behöver genom att följa tallriksmodellen samt att dricka vatten till maten ansågs hälsosamt. Snabbmat från McDonalds nämndes ofta som exempel på ohälsosam mat. Fysisk aktivitet och umgänge med kompisar, samt om det var vardag eller helg påverkade informanternas matvanor. Mat som de uttryckte var ohälsosam ansågs även som godare, medan mat som de fann som hälsosam inte tycktes smaka lika bra. Slutsats Ungdomars resonemang stämmer väl överens med de nuvarande råden kring kost. Ungdomarna kan väl beskriva vad som är hälsosamt och inte. Den större delen av informanterna nämner att hem- och konsumentkunskap inte påverkat nämnvärt hur de ska äta. Några av dem tycker att de blivit påverkade av undervisningen. Sociala medier har i viss mån negativ inverkan på ungdomar, som att få dem att äta lite mat för att hålla sig smala, men sociala medier kan också inspirera ungdomar till att laga mat.

This study examines the influence of teaching digital resources of MyPlate on the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to healthy eating habits among first and second-grade students. A pre-and post-assessment of this quasi-experimental research study measured the baseline KAP levels of 45 participants regarding healthy eating habits. Students were divided into three groups: digital MyPlate (n =16), pencil-and-paper (n =15), and control (n =14). Following the pre-assessment, an intervention was conducted involving teaching MyPlate and the five food groups. A post-assessment was then implemented to measure the change in KAP levels resulting from the intervention. In addition to the surveys, digital photography observation was used to assess the practice component of the intervention. Participants' lunch meals at the cafeteria were photographed before and after consumption to observe food variety and meal composition. An ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in post-assessment scores between the three groups: 2 intervention groups (the digital MyPlate group and the pencil-and-paper group) and the control group for knowledge, attitudes, and practice. For knowledge, F(2, 42) = 15.55, p < .001 indicating significant differences between groups for knowledge post-assessment. For attitudes, ANOVA revealed no significant differences, F(2, 42) = 1.619, p < .21. For practice, ANOVA revealed differences that approached but were not quite significant, F(2, 42) = 3.025, p < .0593. Tukey’s post-hoc tests showed a significant difference in the outcome between the digital MyPlate group and the control group (diff = 4.41, p-value of 0.00), and the pencil-and-paper group and the control group (diff = 3.68, p-value of 0.00) for knowledge. Both the digital MyPlate and pencil-and-paper group scored significantly higher than the control group on knowledge post-assessment. However, when pre-test and post-test measures of knowledge, attitudes, and practice were analyzed, there were no significant changes between pre- and post-test data for any of the groups (digital, pencil-and-paper, control). This study had several limitations such as a small sample size and intervention duration. This research can be used as a basis for future studies on MyPlate by expanding the intervention or investigating if this knowledge can lead to behavioral changes.

Inledning: Många barn i Sverige tillbringar mycket tid i förskolan och äter därför flera av dagens mål inom verksamheten. Barnens matvanor och preferenser har visat sig vara avgörande för framtida matvanor och tillhörande hälsa. Måltidspedagogik har tillämpats som ett arbetssätt i Uddevallas kommunala förskolor för att använda maten som verktyg i den pedagogiska verksamheten. Syfte: Att undersöka möjligheter och hinder för att införa måltidspedagogik i förskolan i Uddevalla kommun samt hur resultatet av ändrat arbetssätt upplevs av nyckelpersoner. Material och metod: Individuella kvalitativa intervjuer samt en fokusgrupp har gjorts med nyckelpersoner inom de kommunala förskolorna. Intervjuerna ljudupptogs för att sedan transkriberas och analyseras genom det kvalitativa analysprogrammet MAXQDA. Som struktur vid analysen av insamlad data används Kingdons PSA-modell för att tolka implementeringsprocessen. Resultat och slutsatser: Resultatet visar att nyckelpersonerna upplever implementering av måltidspedagogik som positivt. Det är ett enkelt och lustfyllt arbetssätt som skapar ett gemensamt förhållningssätt kring mat och måltid för både vuxna och barn i förskolan värld. Flera faktorer samspelade för att en förändring av arbetssätt skulle kunna ske. Dock krävs fler studier för att fastställa om processen kan ske på samma sätt i andra kommuner. / Introduction: Today, many children spend a lot of their time in preschool and therefore consume several of their daily meals outside the home. Food habits and preference for special foods have been shown to be of significant importance for children's eating habits and their future health. In Uddevalla municipality, meal education has been a way to incorporate food as an important tool in the preschools' daily pedagogical situation. Objective: To analyze possibilities and obstacles for the implementation of meal education in preschool in Uddevalla Municipality and how the results of changed practices are experienced by key individuals. Materials and methods: Individual qualitative interviews together with a focus group were conducted with key persons from the municipal preschools. The recorded interviews were thereafter transcribed and analyzed by qualitative analysis program MAXQDA. Kingdon's PSA model was used as a structure to construe the implementation process of meal education. Results and conclusion: The result shows that key persons experience the implementation of meal education as positive. It is an easy and pleasurable approach that creates a united attitude around food and meal for both adults and children in the preschool world. Several factors interact so that a change in work method could take place. However, more studies are required to determine whether the process can be done in the same way in other municipalities.

Pakankamas vaisių ir daržovių vartojimas – tai neabejotinas gerų sveikos mitybos įpročių pagrindas. Vaisiai ir daržovės ypač svarbūs jaunam organizmui, nes jų pakankamas vartojimas vaikystėje susijęs su sumažejusia rizika sirgti širdies bei kraujagyslių ligomis, tam tikromis vėžio formomis ir kitomis lėtinėmis neinfekcinėmis ligomis tiek jaunystėje, tiek vyresniame amžoiuje. Moksliniais tyrimais įrodyta, kad vaikai, vartojantys mažiau vaisių ir daržovių, yra linkę turėti viršsvorį ar net būti nutukę, o vaikystėje susiformavę tinkami šių produktų vartojimo įpročiai dažniausiai išlieka ir suaugus. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų pradinių klasių mokinių daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo ypatumus. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. įvertinti pradinių klasių mokinių daržovių ir vaisių vartojimą ir jo atitikimą sveikos mitybos rekomendacijoms; 2. nustatyti veiksnius, galinčius daryti įtaką mokinių vaisių ir daržovių vartojimui; 3. įvertinti mokinių nuomonę ir žinias apie daržovių ir vaisių vartojimą bei sveiką mitybą. Atsitiktinės atrankos būdu tyrimui buvo atrinktos 72 Lietuvos Respublikos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos. Buvo išdalinta 3750 apklausos anktetų, gauta 2402 teisingai užpildytos anketos. Atsako dažnis – 64,1% . Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) statistinę programinę įrangą (13.0 for Windows versija) ir Epi Info (Version 5.1) kompiuterinę programą. Išanalizavus atlikto tyrimo duomenis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables is the undisputed evidence of healthy nutrition skills. These foods are extremely important for the children because of their ability to protect against cancers and cardiovascular diseases and the consumption of these foods during childhood is associated with decreased risk of stroke and cancer. It is scientificly proven that higher fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a lower risk of overweight or even obese and healthy eating habits formed by consumption of fruits and vegetables tend to persist into adulthood. The objective of this research – to evaluate and assess the pecularities of the fruits and vegetables consumption among primary classes of Lithuanian schools. The tasks of the paper – assessment of the fruits and vegetables consumption and concordance with healthy nutrition recommendations among primary school pupils, evaluation the circumstances affecting fruits and vegetables consumption among primary school pupils, assessment of the knowledge and opinion of primary school children about fruits and vegetables consumption healthy eating. In this randomized study 72 general education schools of the Republic of Lithuania were selected. 3750 questionnaires were distributed, 2402 correctly filled questionnaires received. The response rate – 64,1%. The statistical data was processed with the help of SPSS 13.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and Epi Info (Version 5.1). As the reserch data shows, it is... [to full text]

During adolescence, the nutritional needs are higher than at any other time in the lifecycle. Childhood food practices persist into late adolescence and children's food preferences predict their food consumption patterns. Therefore, it is important to understand what influences their preferences and how they change over time. The main objective of this part of the THUSA BANA study was to investigate the eating habits of children aged 10-15 years in the North West Province (NWP). A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the eating habits of the children. A single, random sample, stratified for gender (male/female) and ethnic group (black, white, coloured, Indian) was drawn from schools (primary/secondary) in the five regions in the NWP. Dietary intake data (24-h recall method) were used to evaluate the adequacy of nutrient intakes, while frequencies and mean quantities of food intakes and an eating habits questionnaire were used to establish patterns of intake to identify dietary practices. Overall the diets of children 10-15 years of age were deficient in various micronutrients. The RD/Al's were not met for vitamin A, C, E, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. The intake of fibre was low. Girls skipped breakfast more often than boys and children from informal settlements skipped breakfast more often than children from rural and urban areas. A significantly lower BMI was found for the children having breakfast when observing all the children, but not for different age and gender groups. The reason given most for skipping breakfast was not being hungry in the morning, but food availability which may have also played a role. The skipping of breakfast was associated with a lower diet quality. A low intake of fruit and vegetables and high intake of snacks were apparent. The intake of snacks, such as chips, cheese curls and sweets were reported more frequently than fruit or vegetables. Small milk portions and large portions of cold drink were reported, suggesting that cold drink is replacing milk in the diet. Overweight children consumed smaller portions of milk, though no correlation between calcium intake and BMI was found. Overweight boys consumed more carbonated cold drink and overweight girls consumed more squash, showing cold drink intake may be positively related to overweight. The snacks consumed were not nutrient dense and were consumed very regularly. The high intake of snacks may contribute to the low micronutrient and fibre intake. The importance of fruit, vegetables, milk, breakfast and high nutrient dense snacks needs to be emphasized with both the children and their parents. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Title of work: The relationship between education and human dietary habits of high school students. Aim of work: Due to a survey find out and compare the eating habits of adolescents based on their education. Method: Survey. Results: The group, that follows the principles of a rational alimentation, is young grammar school students. The group that sticks to these principles the least are students of vocational schools. Boys stick to the principles of a healthy life style more. Not only they eat well, they also have more physical activities than girls. The best eating habits, more physical activities and BMI figures have boys, who study at a grammar school. Key words: Grammar School, Adolescence, Eating Habits, BMI, Physical Exercises, Diet, Survey.