Syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse om de insatser som görs av involverande organisationer (likt socialförvaltningen, Althea och inom skolan) i Halmstad är adekvata för barn som har familjeproblem, utifrån ett sociologiskt perspektiv. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med nyckelinformanter, som på olika sätt kommer i kontakt med barn som har familjeproblem i deras yrke, har vi fått fram ett relevant och ingående materiel som belyser ämnet. Resultatet visar på att organisationerna sätter barnet i fokus på olika sätt, de har olika synpunkter och illvägagångssätt i beaktanden av insatser som görs för barn och dess familj. I analysen, vilken sammankopplas till resultat och bakgrund, har vi använt oss av eorier och begrepp som system och livsvärld av Habermas, byråkrati och makt av eber och slutligen expertsystem, tillit och ontologisk trygghet av Giddens. Slutsatsen visar på att det är viktigt att se till helheten och på det som finns runt omkring, inte enbart på de olika delarna och till problemet i sig. / The aim of this study, from a sociological perspective, is to gain a better understanding of the efforts by involved organizations (as Social Services, Althea and in school) in Halmstad for children who have family problems. Through interviews with key informants, who in different ways come in contact with children that have family problems, we have received relevant material that illustrates this topic. The results show that organizations are focusing on children in different ways; each having an alternate view and approach in the efforts made for children and their families. In our analysis, which is linked to results and background, we have sed the theories and concepts as a system and life world of Habermas, bureaucracy and power of Weber, and eventually expert systems, trust and ontological security of Giddens. The conclusion shows that it is important to see the big picture in its entirety, not only on the parts and the problem itself.

De ideella idrottsföreningarna har en viktig position i vårt samhälle eftersom de bidrar med positiv utveckling för såväl samhälle som individ. Generellt finns en tydlig bild av hur Sveriges föreningsengagemang minskar och idrottsföreningarna har svårt att rekrytera ny ideell kraft. Det bidrar till att idrottsföreningarna går ifrån sina ideella grunder och istället börjar agera och ta till sig styrformer som liknar mindre företag för att föreningarna ska överleva. En sådan process kallas företagisering. Studiens syfte är att öka förståelsen gällande ideella idrottsföreningars upplevelser kring företagisering, att ge riktlinjer för hur föreningarna ska arbeta för att behålla de ideella insatserna samt visa på vilka faktorer som påverkar att föreningar blir företagiserade. Studien är avgränsad till de individuella racketsporterna tennis, badminton och bordtennis och studien avgränsades geografiskt till Örebro län. Studiens syfte och frågeställningar besvarades genom tre kvalitativa intervjuer som genomfördes med personer som varit verksamma i föreningslivet under flertalet år och som hade stor kännedom om sin förenings situation. Empirin analyserades med hjälp av en egenskapad undersökningsmodell.   Slutsatsen av studien är att de undersökta föreningarna upplever att ideella idrottsföreningar närmar sig företagisering främst i och med att de har ett större fokus på ekonomin och att de har fler anställda. Hur stor företagisering som upplevs beror på hur väl utvecklad föreningen är och hur pass stor föreningen är. Företagisering kommer troligen leda till att de ideella insatserna i föreningarna kommer att minska eftersom det upplevs att ingen vill arbeta utan ekonomisk ersättning i en företagiserad verksamhet. De viktigaste faktorerna att arbeta med för att behålla de ideella insatserna är enligt studien att satsa på att skapa gemenskap, sprida engagemang, anordna kringaktiviteter för medlemmarna, aktivt förmedla föreningens värderingar samt utveckla styrelsearbetet. Faktorer som enligt studien påverkar om ideella föreningar närmar sig företagisering är om de har anställda, har timavlönade tränare, upplever att de har minskade bidrag samt att de har utvecklingsambitioner. Andra faktorer som inverkar är om föreningen har tillgång till egen idrottsanläggning, tydlig individualisering, har ett starkt varumärke samt en aktiv och kompetent styrelse. / The voluntary sports clubs have an important position in our society as they contribute to the development of sports talent, individuals and group dynamics. In Sweden there is a general trend that the voluntary involvement decreasing causing that sports clubs and organizations find it difficult to recruit new volunteers. This causes that the voluntary sport clubs have to change from their voluntary run organization and instead start to use the same kind of organization to run and control the activities as small business companies. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how voluntary sports clubs are experiencing that they are approaching business-like forms. It is also to provide guidelines on how voluntary run sports clubs will work to the voluntary contributions also in the future, and to locate which factors that most contribute to the approaching business- like forms. This study is limited to the individual sports tennis, badminton and table tennis and to the area of Örebro County, Sweden. Three qualitative interviews were conducted with persons who have been active and who have good knowledge of their respective club activities. The empirical data were analyzed using a self-created analysis model. The conclusion of the study is clubs included in this study experience that they are approaching more business-like forms primarily due to that they have an increased focus on financial, and that hey have increased the number of employees. Their experiences depend largely on number of members, economical turnover and the present organization. This principal change in running the sports club will most likely lead to that the volume voluntary efforts in the studied sports clubs will be reduced because they experience that less are willing to work without remuneration in business-like organizations. The most important factors to work with to maintain the voluntary efforts are according to the finding in this study is to focus on creating a unity, sharing commitments, common activities for the members, active discussions about ethical values with the organization and the sport itself, and to develop the work in the board. The most important factors affecting the sports clubs when approaching more business-like philosophy and forms or not depends on whether they have employees, remunerated coaches and on the their future plans of expanding the activities and financial turnover. Additional factors are whether the club has access to their own sport facility or not, if the members prefer individualization, and if the club has a strong brand and an active board.

Våld i hemmet är ett växande samhälls- och folkhälsoproblem. En stor utsatt grupp inom våldsutsatta kvinnor är mammorna. Flera studier tyder på att många av kvinnorna och mammorna är nöjda med deras erhållna stödinsatser, trots detta framkommer det att våldet inte alltid upphört efter erhållen insats och att flertalet kvinnor fortfarande i stor utsträckning mår psykiskt dåligt. Syftet med studien är att analysera de grunder våldsutsatta mammor uppger för att de är nöjda eller mindre nöjda med de stödinsatser de erhållit för att få stöd för sig själva och sina barn. Vidare syftar studien till att få en förståelse om vilka förändringsfaktorer som påverkar mammornas upplevelser av stödinsatserna. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, där vi valt att utifrån teoretiskt förankrade tematiseringar analysera resultatet. I resultatet fann vi fem huvudteman: betydelsen av behandlaren; relationen, alliansen och kommunikationen; klienten; modeller och tekniker; samt tillgängligheten. Resultatet visade att dessa faktorer (temana) spelar en viktig roll i hur mammorna upplever insatserna. Deras inställning och motivation till insatsen samt behandlarens personlighet och kompetens är i själva verket avgörande för hur insatsen uppfattas och påverkar dess resultat. / Domestic violence is a growing community and public health problem. A large and vulnerable group among women exposed to domestic violence are the mothers. Despite the fact that several studies indicate that many of the women and mothers are satisfied with the support received, it appears that the violence has not always ceased at the conclusion of this effort and that a majority of the women are still to a great extent feeling psychologically unwell. The purpose of this study is to analyse on what grounds mothers exposed to domestic violence declare themselves to be satisfied or less satisfied with the support received by themselves and their children. Furthermore, this study purposes to discern which factors of change influence how the mothers perceive the support received. The study utilises a qualitative approach, where we have chosen to analyse the results according to theoretically based thematisations. We have discerned five main themes from our results: The importance of the caseworker, the relationship, the alliance, the communication, the client, models and techniques plus the availability. The results showed these factors (the themes) to play an important role in the way support was perceived by the mothers. In fact, their attitude towards and motivation regarding the support, as well as the personality and competence of the caseworker, determine how the support is perceived, and influence the outcome of the effort.

Les processus de mise en forme des matériaux par enlèvement de matière s'accompagnent de nombreux phénomènes vibro-acoustiques à la fois source de nuisances mais aussi révélant des informations utiles sur la coupe et sur la qualité du processus en cours. Dans le cas du déroulage, les opérateurs sont capables d'ajuster "à l'oreille" certains réglages de la machine en cours d'usinage. Une enquête auprès de professionnels a permis de cibler des modalités expérimentales, susceptibles de créer les situations caractéristiques pour les opérateurs. Des essais de déroulage ont été conduits sur la microdérouleuse du LABOMAP à partir de deux essences homogènes (hêtre et peuplier) et d'un matériau de référence (PTFE). Cette première étude a permis, dans des conditions contrôlées, l'identification de la signature de l'ouverture des fissures de déroulage dans les domaines temporel et fréquentiel. Les influences des paramètres de coupe sur le mécanisme de fissuration ont pu être clarifiées ou confirmées. La caractérisation de la qualité du bois à l'état vert demeure un problème, tant du point de vue technique que normatif. Le principe d'un outil simple de mesure de la position effective des fissures sur le placage a été proposé à partir de données vibratoires. Le comportement vibratoire et acoustique de la microdérouleuse en fonction des paramètres de coupe (épaisseur du placage, angle de dépouille, vitesse de coupe, taux de compression de la barre, essence, usure de l'outil) a été analysé dans les domaines temporels et fréquentiels. La prochaine étape passe par la validation de résultats obtenus à l'échelle d'un billon sur une dérouleuse de type industriel.

<p>This paper provides a study about human trafficking with sexual motives performed in European states and the measures taken from national, international and Non-Governmental organizations with the purpose to oppose human trafficking. According to the UN human trafficking has increased and shows tendencies to continue escalating, regardless of the measures taken by various organisations. In this study, four countries with associations to human trafficking have been chosen and organisations related to these countries are studied. The purpose is to inquire into how these organisations work against human trafficking and which objectives and guidelines these organisations strive for together with their values. The aim is to find out which result the organizations efforts gets and if, according to my hypothesis, the efforts oppose themselves. If so, what could be a possible explanation?</p><p>The central conclusions after performing this study is that the policies from international organisations given to institutions at state level are not always implemented. There are also difference in the measures taken by each state and their valuations. Every actor’s behaviour in a network is important and scarcity in one actors behaviour leads to a weakened result. One of the studied states has shown tendencies of disregarding the issue which effects collaboration between the studied organizations.</p>

Life history traits such as growth, survival, and clonality can vary within a population. When such variation exists in a population of an invasive species, it can affect population dynamics, and if any part of the variation has a genetic basis the population can evolve in response to control regimes. Evolutionary responses to control efforts may shift the population towards a few more resilient genotypes, or towards different types in different microenvironments, depending on the scale of gene flow with respect to the patchiness of the environment. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the application of stress similar to control efforts (light level manipulation and biomass removal) results in varying emergence, growth, and survival rates between samples taken from spatially separated patches of the invasive clonal grass Imperata cylindrica. Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) and logistic regression models were fit to survival, emergence and growth data collected from two experiments in which samples collected from four spatially separated Imperata cylindrica patches were exposed to light level manipulation and biomass removal. Patch identity plays a large role in explaining variation in time-to-emergence, time-to-death, and probabilities of emergence and survival, especially under stressed conditions. Rhizome and above ground biomass characteristics also play substantial roles in explaining variation in emergence, survival, and growth, though more so under non-stressed conditions. Our results warrant further study of heterogeneous responses to stressful conditions, especially those imposed under control and management regimes. This heterogeneity may have important impacts on population processes such as maintenance, expansion, and gene flow.

Nationwide reform efforts strive to improve schooling through a range of approaches including improving the quality of campus leadership, restructuring organizational design, and revamping instruction. National and state education policies reflect the reforms addressed in educational research literature and drive state, district, and campus based improvement initiatives. For example, the more recent influence of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) accountability system has led to a significant increase in the use of data to drive instructional decision-making. Campus leadership is key to both the successful implementation of data initiatives (Wayman and Stringfield, 2006) as well as comprehensive reform efforts (Leithwood & Jantzi, 2005). The literature provides a wide array of leadership theories that offer promise in understanding more effective approaches to leading school improvement efforts; however, much of this literature remains conceptual and vague (Leithwood, Harris, & Hopkins 2008). Data use has gained increasing attention in the literature as well, but the research lacks a strong conceptual framework for leadership. The purpose of this paper is to view data use through the lens of Leithwood’s model of Transformational Leadership in order to explore the linkages between the leadership theory and data use practices and to offer a framework that situates data use as a tool to increase all students’ academic performance and build a democratic and socially just learning organization. The linkages between Transformational Leadership and data use are presented as both bodies of literature are reviewed. The study was guided by the following questions: 1) What are the levels of Transformational Leadership Behaviors exhibited at each campus? 2) What are the data use practices being implemented on each campus? 3) What is the relationship between Transformational Leadership and data use? Two schools served as the sites for the research which drew on both quantitative and qualitative data sources to address the research questions. Results and findings show evidence of Transformational Leadership Behaviors that linked closely with the data use practices. The final discussion offers a preliminary conceptual framework delineating the intersection between the theory of Transformational Leadership and data use in schools. / text

The Swedish school system’s curriculum states that some of the schools goals are to; help to develop pupils’ sense of belonging, solidarity and responsibility for people outside the restricted group, combat discrimination and degrading treatment of individuals or groups and to show respect for individuals. (Lgr 11). Eriksson and other authors in School – an arena for bullying (2002) refer to the professor and psychologist Dan Olweus, who points out that bullying can develop serious consequences for the bullied one. Some of them are being ashamed of themselves and build a poor self-esteem that can take their whole life to recreate. It is probably known as one of the most common social issues in a school environment, whether it’s about younger or older pupils, yet many times also the unsolved ones. For this reason I chose to investigate how the adults at schools have an attitude towards: What bullying is caused by? How they perceive and define its responsibility to detect and counteract bullying? How do the adults work to resolve the bullying-related situations and conflicts at the school? This has been examined by one perspective, through the interviewed councilor’s, principal’s and teacher’s aspects. The results of the study showed that the they take care of the cases that come to them with their action plans but find it difficult to detect what may be hidden. In addition, the hidden bullying is very common among older pupils, where there seems to be a sensitive subject for them to pick up, hence the unsolved cases.

The core project of this dissertation is a musical and gestural analysis of Studies, Part I: Displaced Spaces, Shocks, Negations, A New Sort of Relationship in Space, Pattern, Tempo, Diversity of Actions, Interactions and Intensities (1946-48) by post-tonal composer Stefan Wolpe (1902-72). The analytical methods consist of Set Class analysis (Allen Forte), the Effort Shape analysis of gesture (Rudolf von Laban), and the Time and Tone analysis of accordion performance (Joseph Macerollo). Wolpe played a leading role in the emergence of abstract expressionism among the painters, poets, dancers and composers of New York in the mid to late 1940s.Wolpe’s oeuvre reveals a unique way of composing in the post-tonal era. Chapter 1 provides the historical and stylistic contextualization of this particular study Displaced Spaces. Chapter 2 is concerned with the musical analysis, presented as pitch class and shape analysis. By nature, Wolpe’s pieces are best described as very physical, which explains the rationalization for the application of the gestural analysis in chapter 3. The Effort Shape graphic notation method by Rudolf von Laban (1879-1958) widely used in dance is applied to the musical gestures in Wolpe’s score. Wolpe’s overall title for the series of studies, Music for Any Instrument (1944-49), leaves the choice of instrument to the performer; as these studies require a polyphonic instrument, the classical accordion seems an appropriate choice. Laban’s principles as applied to Wolpe are compared to Macerollo’s Time and Tone analysis to implement gesture on one specific instrument. Battle Piece, a composition for piano solo which he began in 1943 is central to a change in Wolpe’s development: After finishing the first three movements of the piece, Wolpe explored new ideas in the study Displaced Spaces. The degree of coherence between the later parts of Battle Piece and Displaced Spaces is presented in chapter 4 focussing on new techniques that Wolpe was able to formulate through this “detour”. Chapter 5 as a conclusion brings together results from the set theory and the gestural analysis of this particular work in order to bridge the gap between the disciplines of music theory, performance and dance.

Given the dynamic and unpredictable nature of modern business environment, organizations need to always be ready for change. It is essential for employees to be able to accept change initiatives at workplace and contribute to them constructively.  The authors of this research suggest that due to the similarities in the nature of their implementation process, projects are the most appropriate vehicle for implementing change initiatives. Change initiatives implemented through projects take characteristics of planned change and exclude emergent changes from the scope the scope of this research. The initiating phase of a change project is devoted to creating readiness for change, which is the main focus of the research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of organizational culture in creating readiness for a change project. The research looks at the process of creating change readiness. This provides a ground for identifying the importance of organizational culture and its interconnection with change management efforts. Further, the dimensions of organizational culture are identified in the relation to change readiness. The literature suggests that these dimensions create change readiness. If organizational culture does not incorporate the identified dimensions of organizational culture, change management efforts should be applied to reinforce or create them. Eight interviews were conducted with change leaders/ project managers. Each interview was conducted in the context of a change project experienced by the interviewee, in order to gain an insight in to the influence of organizational culture on creating change readiness. The study finds organizational culture as being pivotal in creating change readiness. The insight taken from the empirical data allows differentiating between organizational culture as a whole and organizational culture created within the project context by change management efforts. It was found that organizational culture in its exclusivity, does not lead to readiness for a change project. Organizational culture rather builds a foundation for implementing change and creates readiness for a change project through mediation of change management efforts.