Das zweisprachige Emblembuch >Emblematum Tyrocinia: Sive Picta Poesis Latinogermanica. Das ist Eingeblümete Zierwerck oder Gemälpoesy< wurde im Jahre 1581 von Bernhard Jobin in Straßburg publiziert. Die typen- und motivgeschichtlich orientierte Analyse der strukturellen Ordnungsprinzipien des Emblembuches, vor allem der lateinischen und deutschen Texte von Mathias Holtzwart und der Holzschnitte nach Tobias Stimmer, zeigt den Gegensatz, in dem das Emblembuch zur literarischen Anthologie steht: Die besondere Form des Emblembuches erweist sich als das späthumanistisch geprägte Programm eines idealen "curriculum vitae". Die künstlerischen Techniken des Zitats symbolischer Bildmotive und literarischer Topoi in Bild und Text der >Emblematum Tyrocinia< bedingen hierbei die komplexen Bedeutungen der einzelnen Embleme und ihres Kontextes. Die in der Forschung zur Emblematik bislang vernachlässigten historischen Praktiken der Leser konnten im Fall der >Emblematum Tyrocinia< an zwei als "album amicorum" benutzten Exemplaren beschrieben werden. Diese Praktik läßt ebenso wie die deutschsprachige Vorrede Johann Fischarts, die zweite Auflage der Holzschnitte mit Texten Nikolaus Reusners (Straßburg 1587) und die künstlerischen Rezeptionen durch Matthias Merian dem Aelteren (Straßburg 1624) nicht nur Einsichten in die "Dispositionen" der Leser zu, sondern auch in die Intentionen des Verlegers. Die Emblembücher des späten 16. Jahrhunderts wurden im deutschsprachigen Raum zunehmend als "album amicorum" präsentiert - eine Entwicklung, an deren Anfang die Verlagsinitiative Bernhard Jobins steht und deren Verlauf von den Praktiken der Leser bestimmt wurde. / The bilingual emblem book >Emblematum Tyrocinia: Sive Picta Poesis Latinogermanica. Das ist Eingeblümete Zierwerck oder Gemälpoesy< was published by Bernhard Jobin at Strasbourg in 1581. My structural interpretation of the emblem book, especially of the latin and german texts by Mathias Holtzwart and the woodcuts after Tobias Stimmer, concentrates on the iconographic themes and literary topics. In doing this the difference between the emblem book and the anthology showed: The specific form of the emblem book originated in the ideal programm of a humanistic "curriculum vitae". The artistic techniques of citation of symbolic images like emblems, devices and hieroglyphs and literary topics provide the framework for the complex significance of the emblems and their contexts. The historical reading practices of the >Emblematum Tyrocinia< are described by two copies, which were used by their readers as alba amicorum. Today the two copies are in Nuremberg and Augsbourg. Like the german preface of Johann Fischart, the second edition of the woodcuts with texts by Nikolaus Reusner (Strasbourg 1587) and the artistic "citation" of emblematic motives by Matthias Merian the Older (Strasbourg 1624), the two alba amicorum demonstrate the "disposition" (Roger Chartier) of the readers and the intention of the publisher. The german emblem books were issued mainly by the publishers as "album amicorum". A development which began with the initiative of Bernhard Jobin and the emblem book >Emblematum Tyrocinia

Société ”iconique” par excellence, les Provinces-Unies au XVIIe siècle sont un espace où la représentation graphique envahit le quotidien. Parallèlement, le mariage est une institution au cœur d’un processus de réhabilitation et de cristallisation confessionnelle de dispositions dogmatiques et disciplinaires. Il constitue en outre une expérience anthropologique fondamentale, dont chacun fait l’expérience, comme acteur ou spectateur. Dans cette perspective, les images du mariage innervent toute la culture visuelle de la société néerlandaise et sont au croisement d’enjeux sociaux, religieux et politiques, perceptibles à différentes échelles, par la symbolique qu’elles mettent en jeu et les usages sociaux qui en sont faits. Comment les différences confessionnelles s’y articulent-elles ? Comment les distinctions sociales s’y manifestent-elles ? Quels bénéfices symboliques les usages métaphoriques visuels du mariage permettent-ils d’obtenir pour les acteurs sociaux ? Enfin comment ces images fonctionnent-elles vis-à-vis du lecteur-spectateur ? A travers un corpus de sources très divers (livres ou brochures illustrés, feuilles volantes, mais aussi peintures ou médailles), la thèse répond à ces questions en examinant successivement comment les images accompagnent les discours prescriptifs sur le mariage, la façon dont elles sont mobilisées lors des noces des élites urbaines et lors de la célébration des noces princières, mais aussi comment elles permettent de donner métaphoriquement corps au lien entre le croyant et Dieu ou, paradoxalement, à celui entre le Prince d’Orange et la Patrie, dans un système politique revendiqué comme une République. / "Iconic" society par excellence, the United Provinces in the seventeenth century is a place where images play a tremendous role in daily life. Meanwhile, marriage is an institution at the heart of a rehabilitation process and of a differentiation process of confessional identities involving dogmatic and disciplinary provisions. It is also a fundamental anthropological experience, experienced by everybody in the society, be it as actor or spectator. In this perspective, the matrimonial images pervade the whole visual culture of Dutch society and are at the crossroads of social, religious and political issues, at different scales, through the symbolics they involve and the social uses they are submitted to. How are confessional differences articulated to them? How are social distinctions manifested? What symbolic benefits do social actors get out of visual metaphors of marriage? Finally, how do these images interact with the reader-viewer? Through a diverse corpus of sources (illustrated books or pamphlets, single-leaf engravings, but also paintings and medals), the thesis addresses these questions by examining successively how images accompany prescriptive discourses on marriage, how they are involved in the urban elites weddings and during wedding festivities for princes, but also how they can metaphorically embody the link between the believer and God, or, paradoxically, that between the Prince of Orange and the Fatherland, in a political system claimed to be a Republic.

This dissertation thesis is focused on the research of role of symbols, especially graphic symbols (emblems, logos), in the process of region formation and in the process of shap- ing of regional identities. These aspects are studied in the context of Anssi Paasi's theory of institutionalization of region. The thesis discusses the use of symbols in the develop- ment of regions of different scales. The theoretical background of symbol research in the process of a region formation, as based on literature research, is later verified on an example of the analysis of symbols of the Liberec Region and the way they are used by various regional institutions. The Liberec Region is a suitable model area since it both represents a newly constituted region (after 2000), as well as it is already fully institution- alized. This region is also very heterogeneous from the point of view of the natural and cultural heritage. Regarding the settlement perspective, there are both areas inhabited continuously (traditional, "Czech" areas) and areas resettled after the WWII. In its first part, the thesis is devoted to evolution of regional geography. It briefly pre- sents how regional geography responded to paradigmatic changes, and how it gradually evolved into a "new" regional geography. Next, it discusses the concept...

This dissertation thesis is focused on the research of role of symbols, especially graphic symbols (emblems, logos), in the process of region formation and in the process of shap- ing of regional identities. These aspects are studied in the context of Anssi Paasi's theory of institutionalization of region. The thesis discusses the use of symbols in the develop- ment of regions of different scales. The theoretical background of symbol research in the process of a region formation, as based on literature research, is later verified on an example of the analysis of symbols of the Liberec Region and the way they are used by various regional institutions. The Liberec Region is a suitable model area since it both represents a newly constituted region (after 2000), as well as it is already fully institution- alized. This region is also very heterogeneous from the point of view of the natural and cultural heritage. Regarding the settlement perspective, there are both areas inhabited continuously (traditional, "Czech" areas) and areas resettled after the WWII. In its first part, the thesis is devoted to evolution of regional geography. It briefly pre- sents how regional geography responded to paradigmatic changes, and how it gradually evolved into a "new" regional geography. Next, it discusses the concept...

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Ce travail sur l’iconographie de Fortune au Moyen Âge et à la Renaissance se base sur un corpus de plus d’un millier d’images dont seul un tiers y est reproduit. L'enquête commence par une nécessaire étude lexicographique qui permet de mieux cerner les sens du mot latin « fortuna » ainsi que ceux du mot français « fortune » entre le xie et le xvie siècle. Une seconde partie s’intéresse au motif iconographique de la Roue de Fortune médiévale – i.e. cette roue sur le pourtour de laquelle prennent place des personnages dont le premier monte, les second trône, le troisième tombe et le dernier gît à terre –, depuis sa genèse dans un manuscrit bénéventain datant des années 1060-1070 jusqu’à sa diffusion sur toutes sortes de supports (peinture murale, sculpture monumentale, mosaïque, etc.) ainsi qu’aux différents usages de ce motif (didactiques, emblématiques, divinatoires). Une troisième partie recense les nombreuses variantes que génère au fil des siècles ce très fécond motif : Roue de la Vie, Roues animales satiriques, Roue des Vicissitudes de l’Humanité, etc. Une quatrième partie étudie la personnification de Fortune qui apparaît au xiie siècle, tant dans les images que dans les textes, avant de devenir l’une des vedettes de l’iconographie de la fin du Moyen Âge, la figure de Fortune se retrouvant dans d’innombrables manuscrits de Boèce, Jean de Meun, Boccace ou Christine de Pizan. La cinquième et dernière partie est consacrée à la mutation que connaît Fortune à la Renaissance, mutation qui la voit changer tant de forme que de fonction, l’aveugle et duplice déesse du sort abandonnant alors sa fonction didactique – et la roue d’exemples qui va avec – pour devenir une accorte jeune femme nue à la mèche de cheveux flottant au vent dont la fonction est propitiatoire et l’usage emblématique. / This work on the iconography of Fortune in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is based on more than one thousand images of which only one third is reproduced in the document. The study begins with a lexicographical study aiming at better understanding the various meanings of the Latin word « fortuna » and the French word « fortune » from the xith to the xvith centuries. The second section addresses the iconographical pattern of the mediaeval Wheel of Fortune – i.e. that wheel where four human beings occupy different positions on the rim: the first ascends, the second is enthroned, the third falls and the fourth lays on the ground – from its inception in a 1060-1070 Beneventan manuscript to its diffusion to various media (mural painting, monumental sculpture, mosaic, etc.) as well as its different uses (didactic, emblematic, divinatory). The third section identifies the numerous variations that this fertile pattern has generated over the centuries: Wheel of Life, satirical animal Wheels, Wheel of Vicissitudes of Humanity, etc. The fourth section studies the personification of Fortune which appears in the xiith century before becoming a star of late mediaeval iconography, her figure gracing innumerable manuscripts of Boethius, Jean de Meun, Giovanni Boccaccio or Christine de Pizan. The fifth and final section is devoted to Fortune’s mutation during the Renaissance: changing both form and function, the blind and treacherous goddess of fate gives up her didactic function – and the wheel of examples that comes with it – and becomes a beautiful naked woman with a forelock whose function is propitiatory and use emblematic.