As one of many other distinct painting styles that appeared on ceramics throughout the Guatemalan Lowlands of the Late Classic Period (AD 600-900), the Red Background vases represented the economic reach of the owner into local and foreign courtly culture. Supernatural processions, playful hieroglyphic texts, and the distinctive red background circulated on vases, plates, and bowls in order to perform prestige and the elite identity in public feasts. The diverse narrative content of these vessels reveals the importance of mytho-historic origin stories and supernatural identities to the prevailing political order, while the unique hieroglyphic texts link the style and its imagery to the royal court of Pa’ Chan. However, the lack of context for most of these vases thwarts a straightforward understanding of their role in Maya society as objects from a specific geographic place with archaeological provenience. Despite this inability to embed the Red Background vases within a robust archaeological framework, the production and circulation of a visually distinct style by a named community still indicates that the creators of these objects wished to communicate a unique artistic identity through an intersection of formal qualities. Refocusing the question of agency through the lens of the final product reveals that these works acted as part of a larger campaign to create the typical courtly trappings of master artisan production and public social feasting with representatives of other powerful polities. This Master’s Thesis aims to examine the current corpus of almost sixty vases in order to describe how the Red Background style manifests. In addition, my study explores the tendency of many polychrome styles to link a specific royal court with the artistic product through hieroglyphic emblems. I conclude that the unique Pa’ Chan emblem takes this extroverted statement of belonging to a higher level, providing an emic classification of the vase where the text comprises a social category of art that performs identity through its distinct visuals. / text

La thèse est consacrée à l’expression emblématique chez Jean Baudoin (1584-1650). D’abord Lecteur de Marguerite de Valois, Marie de Médicis l’envoya en Angleterre afin de traduire l’Arcadie de la Comtesse de Pembroke en 1624. Il fit partie de la maison du cardinal de Richelieu et fut un protégé du chancelier Séguier. Dès 1634, il rejoignit les premiers membres de l’Académie française et participa à la rédaction de ses statuts. À cet auteur et traducteur très abondant, on attribue quatre-vingt six ouvrages, dont la plupart sont des traductions significatives pour l’orientation qu’il donne à son oeuvre : les Discours politiques sur l’oeuvre de Tacite de Scipio Ammirato (1618), La Sagesse Mysterieuse des Anciens de Francis Bacon, la Mythologie de Natale Conti (1627) ou encore les Monita et Exempla politica de Juste Lipse (1606 et 1650). La tradition iconographique est essentielle chez Jean Baudoin, ainsi que l’explication symbolique. Le Recueil d’Emblemes divers, publié pour la première fois à Paris en 1638-1639 est l’objet principal de la recherche ici entreprise. Ce recueil d’emblèmes est une oeuvre de l’invention de Jean Baudoin qui a toutefois été fortement influencé, dans sa rédaction, par ses traductions antérieures. Deux autres ouvrages traduits par Baudoin sont indispensables à l’étude approfondie du Recueil d’Emblemes divers : l’adaptation de l’Iconologia de Cesare Ripa (première partie, 1636-1637 ; première et seconde parties, 1644) et la traduction des Fables d’Esope Phrygien (1631). Ce travail se propose d’aborder dans un premier temps la façon dont Baudoin n’a eu de cesse de mettre sa personne et son oeuvre au service du renforcement et de l’affirmation de la monarchie française et de l’édification morale du lecteur. Dans un second temps, nous nous proposons d’étudier les connexions entre ces trois ouvrages majeurs qui permettent de comprendre la portée de l’expression emblématique chez Jean Baudoin, à travers trois axes majeurs. Le renouvellement de la forme emblématique ; la création d’un vocabulaire allégorique qui avait pour fin la codification de la représentation du pouvoir et de la figure royale et une étude des gravures, de leur fonctionnement dans le texte et des mécanismes de leur production. / This dissertation is about the emblematical expression in the work of Jean Baudoin. At first Marguerite de Valois’s lecturer, he was sent to England by Marie de Médicis in order to translate L’Arcadie de la Comtesse de Pembroke, in 1624. Baudoin belonged to the House of the Cardinal de Richelieu and was one of chancelier Séguier’s protégés. As soon as 1634, hejoined the first members of the Académie française and took part in the writing of its statutes. Eighty six pieces of work are attributed to this prolific author and translator, most of which are translations significant of the orientation he gave to his work: the “Discours politiques” on Tacite’s work by Scipio Ammirato (1618), La Sagesse Mystérieuse des Anciens by Francis Bacon (1619), Mythologie by Natale Conti (1627) or Monita et Exempla politica by Justus Lipsus (1606 & 1650). The iconographical tradition is paramount in Jean Baudoin’s work, as well as the emblematical expression. The Recueil d’Emblemes divers, first published in Paris in 1638-1639 is the focus of the present dissertation. This collection of emblems was designed by Jean Baudoin, but he was largely influenced in its writing by previous translations. Two other pieces of work translated by Baudoin are essential to the thorough study of the Recueil d’Emblemes divers: the adaptation of Cesare Ripa’s Iconologia (First part 1636-1637, First and second part 1644) and the translation of Esope Phrygien’s Fables in 1631. The present work will first focus on how Baudoin constantly put himself and his work at the service of the reinforcement and affirmation of the French monarchy and of the moral edification of the reader. Then, we will study the connections between these three major works which enable to understand the importance of emblematical expression in Jean Baudoin. To do so, three main aspects will be studied: the renewal of the emblematical form/ genre, the creation of an allegorical vocabulary whose aim was the codification of the representation of power and monarchy, and a study of engraving, of it functioning in the text and of its production processes.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-30T19:46:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeilaMariaDeAraujoTabosa_TESE.pdf: 15786389 bytes, checksum: 689f9a45730c1f2f36f59a94ee25028f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-31T21:46:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeilaMariaDeAraujoTabosa_TESE.pdf: 15786389 bytes, checksum: 689f9a45730c1f2f36f59a94ee25028f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T21:46:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeilaMariaDeAraujoTabosa_TESE.pdf: 15786389 bytes, checksum: 689f9a45730c1f2f36f59a94ee25028f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A realidade cient?fica do s?culo XVII, na Nueva Espa?a, ? uma seta que aponta para o vislumbre da obra de arte barroca produzida no M?xico dos seiscentos. Nessa cena cultural, circulam livros n?o religiosos, ideias, teses, tratados e estudos de homens de ci?ncia como Nicolau Cop?rnico (1473-1543), Johannes Kepler (1574-1630), Atanasius Kircher (1601-1680), Juan Caramuel (1606-1682) e Sebasti?n Izquierdo (1601-1681). O barroco seiscentista, na Am?rica, assimila essa realidade cient?fica e reverbera suas variadas formas de express?o art?stica por meio de monumentos luxuosos em forma de poesia experimental. A po?tica de Sor Juana In?s de la Cruz (1648-1695) ? realizada dentro desse contexto festivo de descobertas, expans?es e experimenta??es cient?ficas. Neptuno Aleg?rico - o arco laudat?rio arquitet?nico, a prosa, a descri??o emblem?tica, a po?tica, o espelho de pr?ncipe - ? afinado com esse discurso cient?fico-cultural novohispano que ultrapassa fronteiras utilit?rias, geogr?ficas e temporais. Para uma leitura da obra Neptuno Aleg?rico, esta pesquisa funda-se em tr?s linhas te?ricas de investiga??o que observam a obra em suas variadas formas de escrita e de est?tica. A primeira linha investigativa aborda o barroco e suas teorias desde as mais antigas, como a de Heinrich W?lfflin (1888), ?s mais contempor?neas, como as de Jos? Antonio Maravall (1997), Severo Sarduy (1989), Eug?nio d?Ors (1990), Gilles Deleuze (1991), Lezama Lima (1988), Walter Benjamin (1984) e Fernando Rodr?guez de la Flor (2002), para aproxim?-las do fazer po?tico barroco experimental-cient?fico da monja erudita na Am?rica do S?culo de Ouro. A segunda linha te?rica de estudo visa a perceber a emblem?tica em Neptuno Aleg?rico a partir das ideias te?ricas de Andrea Alciato (1531) e de sua revisita??o te?rica na contemporaneidade por meio dos estudos de M?rio Praz (1963) e Fernando Rodr?guez de la Flor (1995), buscando, com essa proposta anal?tica, uma leitura emblem?tica das descri??es art?sticas para telas-quadros-lienzos elaborados por Sor Juana In?s de la Cruz. Por fim, um terceiro caminho de investiga??o aponta para a busca do entendimento da obra Neptuno Aleg?rico em aproxima??o com a an?lise combinat?ria matem?tica de Sebasti?n Izquierdo (1659), relacionando-a com outros estudos contempor?neos dedicados a aproximar arte e ci?ncia. / The scientific reality of the 17th century in Nueva Espa?a is an arrow targeting the glimmer of the Baroque art produced in Mexico in the 1600s. In this cultural scene non religious books circulate as well as the ideas/theses/treatises of the men of science such as Nicolau Cop?rnico (1473-1543), Johannes Kepler (1574-1630), Atanasius Kircher (1601-1680), Juan Caramuel (1606 - 1682) and Sebasti?n Izquierdo (1601-1681).The 17th century?s baroque in America assimilates this scientific reality and reverberates its various forms of artistic representation by means of luxurious monuments in the form of experimental poetry. Neptuno Aleg?rico ? the architectural laudatory, the prose, the emblematic description, the poetry, the prince?s mirror ? is tuned into this neo-hispanic scientific-cultural discourse that overcomes utilitarian, geographical and temporal frontiers. In order to offer a reading of Neptuno Aleg?rico, this research is founded upon three investigative theoretical frameworks that observe the work in its varied forms of writing and aesthetics.The first of these grasps the baroque and its theories/researches from the earliest ones like in Heirich W?lfflin (1888) to the most contemporary like in Jos? Antonio Maravall (1997), Severo Sarduy (1989), Eug?nio d?Ors (1990), Gilles Deleuze (1991), Lezama Lima (1988), Walter Benjamin (1984) and Fernando Rodr?guez de la Flor (2002) in order to locate them near the experimental-scientific baroque poetics of the erudite nun in the America of the Golden Century; the second line of theory aims at perceiving the emblematics in Neptuno Aleg?rico stemming from the ideas of Andrea Alciato (1531) and his contemporary revisiting by means of the studies by M?rio Praz (1963) and again by Fernando Rodr?guez de la Flor (1995), so as to achieve an emblematic reading of the artistic descriptions in the canvases/paintings/lienzos elaborated by Sor Juana In?s de la Cruz; last but not least a third framework that points to understanding the work Neptuno Aleg?rico as it nears the mathematical combinatory investigation of Sebasti?n Izquierdo (1659) inserting it in other contemporary scholarly works that deal with art and science.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroGL.pdf: 4055992 bytes, checksum: 07612ef4f6c8a37bccd1cdde0131f320 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This master thesis is an overview of how the Egyptian writing became a ruin, and then was mythunderstood by the Western culture through speculations based on its figurative appeal or by its magical nature this invention results not only in new idea of writing, but also in many graphical experiments which take part in the creation of the Renaissance and Baroque visual identity / A presente disserta??o ? um panorama de como a escrita hierogl?fica eg?pcia se torna uma ru?na e ent?o ? reinterpretada pelo Ocidente atrav?s de especula??es motivadas por seu apelo imag?tico ou por seu car?ter m?gico uma inven??o que resulta n?o apenas numa nova id?ia escrita, transcendental, mas que se desdobra em v?rias experimenta??es gr?ficas que participam ativamente da cria??o da identidade visual do Renascimento e Barroco

Uppsatsen ämnar att genom en ikonologisk analys undersöka altarskulpturgruppen, belägen i S:ta Maria Magdalena kyrka i Stockholm. Det man vet om skulpturgruppen är mycket begränsat. Man vet att gruppen gavs som gåva till kyrkan 1764 av slottsdeputationen vid Stockholms slott. Skulptören är än idag okänd. Syftet är att undersöka skulpturgruppens symboliska relevans i det religiösa klimat som rådde vid tiden då den flyttades till kyrkan. Uppsatsen ämnar koppla symboliken med pietismen – en religiös rörelse som växte fram i Tyskland under 1600- och 1700-talet och spred sig till Sverige under 1700-talet. Analysen kommer att använda sig av en komparativ metod där bl.a den pietistiska ikonografin jämförs med den katolska. Uppsatsens bildmaterial utgörs, förutom skulpturgruppen, huvudsakligen av emblem och andra gravyrer men även målningar och teckningar. Det ikonologiska perspektiv som kommer att användas i uppsatsen kommer ta stöd i Michael Baxandalls bok Patterns of intention.       Resultatet visar på att skulpturgruppens ikonografi delvis kan kopplas till pietismens bildspråk. Cor ardens – ett brinnande hjärta – som kyrkans högra skulptur håller i sin hand. används flitigt i pietistisk retorik och emblematik. Symboliken blir även relevant när man analyserar den ur den religiösa konflikt som kretsade kring Maria Magdalena församling mellan pietister och lutheranska ortodoxa.

Hamlet's tragedy is constructed as a perspective of matter that is destined for decay, and this "objective," or "object-focused," mode of viewing the material world enhances theatrical and theological understandings of the play's props, figurative language, and characters. Hamlet's "objective mode" evokes early modern materialist philosophies of vanitas and memento mori, and it is communicated in theatre through semiotic means, whereby material items stand for moral ideas according to an established sign-signified relation. Extending an objective reading to Hamlet's characters reveals their function as images, or two-dimensional emblems, in moments of slowing narrative time. In the graveyard scene (5.1), characters and theatrical props cooperate to materialize the objective perspective. As a prop, Ophelia's corpse complicates the objective mode through its semantic complexity. Thus, she stands apart from other characters as one that both serves to construct and to deconstruct the objective mode. Hamlet's tragic outlook, which depends upon an understanding of matter as destined for decay, and of material items as ends in themselves rather than vehicles for spiritual transformation, is an early modern notion concurrent with theological debates surrounding the Eucharist. Drawing upon art-historical, linguistic, feminist, theological, and theatrical approaches, this thesis contributes to concurrent discourse on Hamlet's tragic genre.

Aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, avec la lecture des œuvres d’Achille Tatius et Héliodore d’Émèse, auteurs grecs des premiers siècles de l’ère chrétienne, les auteurs espagnols redécouvrent un genre particulier qui sera qualifié tantôt de romand’aventures, tantôt de roman byzantin. Tant l’appellation de roman que la qualification de byzantin sont fautives puisqu’il s’agit en fait de récits poétiques ou en prose antérieurs à la fin du IVe siècle, c’est-à-dire antérieurs à ce qu’il est convenud’appeler historiquement l’ère byzantine. Pour notre part, nous retiendrons l’appellation de roman néo-hellénistique ou roman néo-grec espagnol – voire « roman baroque », à l’instar de Georges Molinié1 – pour qualifier le nouveau genreromanesque créé à partir de ces récits. Nous voyons dans ce genre le développement d’une littérature en adéquation avec les exigences éthiques et esthétiques de l’« utile dulci » horacien. Influencé par le contexte politico-religieux de la Contre-Réforme, le roman néo-grec espagnol ou roman baroque expose de manière plus ou moins patente le thème de la diatribe à propos du libre arbitre et de la prédestination. Le rôle joué au cœur de ces romans par la Providence et le Destin, en particulier sous leur forme emblématique, semble empreint de l’enseignement des dogmes catholiques défendus lors du Concile de Trente. Dans les quatre ouvrages du corpus (El peregrino en su patria de Lope de Vega, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda de Miguel de Cervantès, Historia de Hipólito y Aminta de Francisco de Quintana, El Criticón de Baltasar Gracián), le problème du déterminisme et celui du salut sont de nombreuses fois soulevés. Cela se produit soit dans des discussions entre les personnages, soit dans le cours même de l’intrigue par l’apparition de phénomènes de prédiction astrologique ou autre mettant en cause les notions de Fortune et de Destin. De la même façon, les personnages, par leur manière d’être et d’agir, évoquent la notion de libre arbitre soulignant ainsi l’importance des actes qu’ils accomplissent pour assurer leur salut. / In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, thanks to the writings of Achilles Tatiusand Heliodorus of Emesa, two Greek authors who lived the first centuries of the Christian era, the Spanish writers rediscover a new particular genre. Those books are either labeled as adventure novels or Byzantine novels. Both the terms “novel” and “Byzantine” are inadequate since those books deal with storylines in prose or in verse dating back to the end of the fifth century, that is to say prior to what is commonly and historically termed as the Byzantine era. We will stick to the expressions “Spanishand Greek novel” or “Baroque novel” as taken up by Georges Molinié in order to label this new fictional genre in which we can perceive the development of a literature more in terms with the ethic and a esthetic standards of the Horacian « utile dulci ».Influenced by the political and religious frame of the Counter Reformation, the Spanish and Greek novel or « Baroque novel » exposes in an underlying way the theme of the diatribe about free will and predestination. The role played byProvidence and Fate in those novels, in particular under their emblematic form, is revealing of the Catholic dogmas defended during the Council of Trent. In the four books of the corpus (El peregrino en su patria by Lope de Vega, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda written by Miguel de Cervantes, Historia deHipólito y Aminta by Francisco de Quintana, Baltasar Gracian’s El Criticón) the issues of determinism and salvation are being raised. This occurs either during thedialogues, or in the development of the plot through the appearance of phenomena of astrological prediction or of other natures dealing with the notions of Fortune and Destiny. In the same way, the characters – through the way they act and behave –evoke the notion of free will, thus underlining the importance of the actions they accomplish in order to secure their salvation.

Henry Peacham fait publier, en 1612, un ouvrage qu’il a longuement retravaillé à partir de manuscrits qui en constituent la matrice. Ainsi, Minerva Britanna voit le jour alors même que l’Angleterre pleure la mort du jeune Henri, prince héritier de la couronne et destinataire du recueil d’emblèmes d’Henry Peacham. Cette thèse propose une étude de l’art emblématique de ce polygraphe anglais peu connu et peu acclamé par la critique. Elle prend appui sur l’examen minutieux de son recueil, Minerva Britanna et s’attache à démontrer la qualité graphique des pictura emblématiques ainsi que la polyvalence des thèmes abordés par l’emblémiste.Un premier temps aborde la question de l’art emblématique d’Henry Peacham sous un angle biographique et bibliographique. Cette partie initiale nous donne l’occasion de découvrir la genèse de l’ouvrage ainsi que sa composition avant de nous pencher sur le développement du genre emblématique en Angleterre. L’étude vise plus précisément à démontrer que l’ouvrage de Peacham prend des accents militants et que l’auteur se veut le porte-parole des artistes anglais dont le statut demeure très instable.La deuxième partie se penche sur la question générique. On remarque que Minerva Britanna tient à la fois du conduct book anglais mais également du genre des specula principum en passant par celui du memento mori. Cela nous permet de mettre en évidence la polyvalence de ce recueil d’emblèmes mais également l’éclectisme du style peachamien. Ce deuxième temps est, en outre, l’occasion de faire le point sur les sources de l’auteur et sur la manière dont il clame son désir d’originalité tout en revendicant ses diverses sources d’inspiration.Enfin, une troisième partie vise à démontrer Minerva Britanna constitue une analyse des premières années du règne jacobéen. Il est ainsi question de politique intérieure puisque le recueil évoque tour à tour la philosophie du règne, la notion d’absolutisme monarchique, mais aussi les difficultés d’ordre religieux auxquelles doit faire face le roi. La politique extérieure du royaume est scrutée de près. Minerva Britanna témoigne en effet de l’épineux projet d’Union entre l’Angleterre et l’Écosse, ce qui nous amène également à nous pencher sur la question de l’identité nationale ainsi que sur l’ouverture au monde du royaume d’Angleterre. / Henry Peacham had a masterpiece published in 1612: Minerva Britanna. This collection of emblems represents the outcome of years of work on several manuscripts which he revised and which make up the main sources of the book. Minerva Britanna was published at the time when England was mourning for Prince Henry, deceased heir to the throne and addressee of Peacham’s book of emblems. This thesis aims at putting forward the worth of the emblematic art of this polygraph English artist who is not very famous and not often praised by critics. This analysis is based on a detailed study of Minerva Britanna and its purpose is to demonstrate the graphic quality of the emblematic picture as well as the variety of the themes treated by the emblemist.First, I shall deal with Henry Peacham’s emblematic art from a biographical and bibliographical angle. This will also enable the reader to discover the book’s genesis as well as its composition before analyzing the development of the emblematic genre in England. I will show that Peacham’s book takes on militant overtones and that the artist wants to present himself as the spokesman of English artists whose status was greatly unstable.Then, I will turn to the notion of genre. I will show to what extent Minerva Britanna can be seen as typical of the English “conduct book”, but also as representative of the specula principum and memento mori genres. This will clearly put forward the variety of this emblem book but also the eclecticism of Peacham’s style. I shall deal with the importance of the author’s source material in order to prove that Peacham skilfully handles both his thirst for originality and his desire to honour those who inspired his work.Finally, a third and last part will show that Minerva Britanna is also a historical analysis of the first years of James as King of England. I shall deal with domestic politics so as to examine the philosophy of James’s rule and the notion of monarchic absolutism but also the religious difficulties that the King had to face. James I’s foreign policy will also be under study. I shall demonstrate that Minerva Britanna is a testimony of the burning issue that was the Union scheme between England and Scotland. This will lead me to consider the question of national identity as well as England’s position concerning the New World.

La volonté d’inscrire l’apologie monumentale que représente le Centre civique de Bucarest dans une histoire urbaine et sociale nous a poussé à analyser les raisons qui ont guidé sa mise en œuvre et, plus largement, à reconstruire le fil narratif de l’histoire bucarestoise à travers l’héritage bâti prestigieux de la ville. C’est ainsi que nous nous sommes intéressés aux rapports entre édification des bâtiments et espaces remarquables et (re)construction d’une identité nationale roumaine, depuis de la déclaration d’indépendance jusqu’à l’intégration européenne perçue comme reconnaissance suprême de l’État roumain. Ce travail analyse donc les techniques d’instrumentalisation de la production architecturale et urbaine dans la définition et la promotion de l’identité nationale. Il complète également le peu d’études scientifiques traitant du Centre civique, à la fois emblème et stigmate en raison des efforts exceptionnels octroyés pour sa construction. Enfin, il aborde la question de la réception d’un ensemble « idéologiquement chargé » et, plus largement, les divers emplois faits des héritages urbains par les régimes politiques qui se sont succédés à la tête de la Roumanie. / This paper aims to place the monumental apology represented by the Civic Center of Bucharest in its urban and socio-political context. Therefore we have analysed the reasons and decisions that led to the way it was conceived and set up, and in addition we have tried to rebuild the narrative of the history of Bucharest through the city’s prominent built heritage. For this reason we have looked into the relations between the fact of erecting buildings and remarkable spaces and the (re)construction of a Romanian national identity, beginning with the Declaration of independence and ending with the European integration, the latter standing for the supreme legitimacy granted to the Romanian State. Therefore this research engages into the analysis of the mechanisms involved in using architectural and urban productions as instruments for defining and promoting national identity. In addition it fills a gap of almost non-existent scientific work dealing with the Civic Center, which is, due to the exceptional efforts engaged in its construction, in the same time Bucharest’s emblem and scar. Finally, it deals with the question of the reception of “ideologically charged” buildings, and more generally, with the fate of urban heritage inherited from totalitarian regimes.

Text in Afrikaans / This research describes the coats of arms and emblems of hospitals and nursing colleges in the Republic of South Africa, an aspect of nursing's heritage and history have not yet been described. Data were collected by means of questionnaires. An extensive literature review on heraldics and an analysis of the meanings contained in the symbols appearing on these devices were done. The analysis resulted in the following; the uniqueness of the individual devices, the development of nursing and nursing education, the influence of values, norms, ideals, culture, religion and history on the selection of symbols. The heraldic meanings of symbols and the meanings indicated in the questionnaires were compared with the identified core concepts for nursing. The overall finding was that any congruence was purely circumstantial. / Hierdie navorsing beskryf die wapens en embleme van hospitale en verpleegkolleges in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 'n aspek van die erfenis en geskiedenis van verpleging wat nog nie vantevore beskryf is nie. Inligting was deur middel van vraelyste ingesamel. 'n Uitgebreide literatuuroorsig oor die heraldiek en 'n ontleding van die betekenisse van die simbole soos aangetref op die wapens/embleme, is gedoen.Uit die analisering is die volgende bevind; die uniekheid van die individuele wapens/embleme, die ontwikkeling van verpleging en verpleegonderrig, die invloed van waardes, norme, ideale, kultuur, godsdiens en geskiedenis op die keuse van simbole. Die heraldiese betekenis van simbole en die betekenis wat in die vraelyste daaroor aangedui is, is met die geidentifiseerde kembegrippe vir verpleging, vergelyk. Die algemene bevinding is dat enige ooreenkoms bloot toevallig is. / Health Studies / M.A. (Verpleegkunde)