Global ETD Search

241	L’impact de NKG2D et de ses ligands sur la motilité des lymphocytes T CD8 et sur la progression de l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale Carpentier Solorio, Yves 12 1900 (has links) La sclérose en plaques (SEP) est une maladie inflammatoire du système nerveux central (SNC). Le système immunitaire joue un rôle clé en SEP, cependant la contribution de molécules spécifiques reste à élucider. Nous avons identifié NKG2D, un récepteur immunitaire, comme joueur clef dans les interactions entre les cellules neurales et les lymphocytes dans la SEP. L’expression de ULBP4, un ligand de NKG2D, est élevée dans le cerveau des patients SEP, et présente sous forme soluble dans le liquide céphalorachidien (LCR). NKG2D joue un rôle délétère dans l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale passive (EAE), un modèle de la SEP. MULT1, un ligand NKG2D, est élevé dans le SNC et le LCR au pic de la maladie EAE. Ainsi, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que la voie NKG2D module l’interaction entre les cellules neurales et les lymphocytes T. A l’aide d’imagerie en temps réel, nous avons montré que le blocage de NKG2D diminue les interactions stables entre les lymphocytes T CD8+ et les astrocytes humains in vitro. L’ajout d’ULBP4 soluble diminue les interactions stables entre ces lymphocytes et les astrocytes et ce avec une plus grande importance chez les patients SEP. Finalement, dans l’EAE, augmenter l’expression de MULT1 par injection intrathécale d’un vecteur viral augmente la sévérité des déficits moteurs. Cela corrèle avec une augmentation de la production d’IFNγ par les lymphocytes T infiltrants le SNC. Somme toute, NKG2D et ses ligands participent aux interactions entre les lymphocytes T et les cellules neurales en contexte de SEP et sont des cibles thérapeutiques potentielles à investiguer. / Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the key role of the immune system in MS is well established, the contribution of immune molecules remains incompletely unresolved. We identified NKG2D, an activating immune (co)receptor, as a key factor shaping the interactions between CNS and lymphocytes in MS. We have shown that expression of ULBP4, an NKG2D ligand, is elevated in brain from MS patients and increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a soluble form. We have demonstrated that NKG2D contributes to disease progression in passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We showed that one NKG2D ligand called MULT1 is upregulated in the CNS and in the CSF of EAE mice at disease peak. Thus, we hypothesized that the NKG2D pathway impacts the interactions between CNS cells and infiltrating T lymphocytes. Using our live-imaging co-culture model, we show that blocking NKG2D reduces stable interactions between CD8+ T lymphocytes and human astrocytes in vitro. Moreover, we observed that soluble ULBP4 decreases CD8 T cell-astrocyte stable interactions and modifies their behaviour with a stronger effect in MS patients. Finally, we saw in active EAE that increasing the expression of MULT1 in the CNS with an intrathecal injection of a viral vector increases motor deficits in mice. This correlates with a higher production of IFNγ by T lymphocytes. Thus, NKG2D and its ligands play important role in the interactions of CNS cells and T lymphocytes in the context of MS and are potential therapeutic targets to further investigate. sclérose en plaques astrocytes humains neurones humains lymphocytes T CD8 NKG2D ULBP4 MULT1 micropsie en temps réel cytométrie en flux multiple sclerosis human astrocytes human neurons CD8 T cells live imaging flow cytometry
242	Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery Hart, M J Alexandra January 2010 (has links) This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science. The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do. Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process. It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact. The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail. A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported. It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact. On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment. The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency. Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches. Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology. action Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Immune Deficiency Syndrome enaction social enaction social enactivism enactive psycho-phenomenological psychophenomenological vipassana groundlessness mind-body korper leib co-generative Focusing co-creative environment Antonio Damasio reciprocal constraints Pierre Vermersch Claire Petitmengin Antione Lutz narrative discourse phenomenal invariants Evan Thompson Merleau-Ponty Algirdis Julien Greimas Husserl first-person Fransisco Varela modelling invariants Natalie Depraz isotope John Boyd OODA loop Jonathan Shear Shaun Gallagher Arthur Kleinman Humberto Maturana second-person Alva Noe Dan Zahavi stages Embodied Mind Canterbury Wellington New Zealand non-dual non-reductive embodied phenomenological third-person graph-theoretical cluster analysis cognitive science experience solution subject-specific categories universal categories universal categories self energy illness process intersubjectivity Mahayana Buddhism contact narrative recovered making sense recursive loop perception dynamical decompensation neurology diagnosis empathy treatment management neurophenomenological neurophenomenology consciousness veracity agency multidimensional interdisciplinary category theory enculturation mathematisation of phenomenology interview nomenclature diagnostic criteria incidence prevalence coping strategy etiology epidemiology psychosomatic medicine meaning women girl female anthropology sociology cognitive behavioral therapy exercise therapy recovery mindful awareness suffering symbolisation Prasangika no-self aggregates wheel of karma cognition basic element analysis mental factors operational closure stereotypes enactive ontologically fragile self grief process-knowledge epoche phenomenal invariants textual invariants compound meaning saturation formalisation cluster analysis inter-session review inter-individual validation explicitation interview intricacy confidence psychophenomenology self-esteem sanction self dis-integration permanence continuity ego-self emotion surrender semiotic square meditation empathy semiotic compassion existential feelings goal obstruction movement transformation change somatic Giovanna Colombetti agoraphobia panic anxiety psychotherapy sleep rest pain weakness strength stamina Diego Cosmelli heaviness food chemicals allergy recovering despair frustration helplessness fear efference valence afference as-if-body-loop consciousness representation attention recovery intention sustainable sustainability neurasthenia existential feelings asthenia hysteria mononucleosis samatha-vispasnya prajna vijnana Eugene Gendlin Abhidharma dukkha shamatha interdependence vipashyana

Search results

L’impact de NKG2D et de ses ligands sur la motilité des lymphocytes T CD8 et sur la progression de l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale

Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery