Comprehension of eruptive histories is critical in understanding the evolution of magmatic systems at arc volcanoes and may supply evidence to the petrogenesis of intermediate and evolved magmas. Within the 300 ka eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, the Kalama Eruptive Period, 1479- ~1750 CE was bracketed by interludes of quiescence (Hoblitt et al., 1980) and thus likely represents an entire eruptive cycle within a span of 300 years. Study of the magmatic evolution during this short time period provides key information regarding inputs and the plumbing system of Mount St. Helens. This research aims to enhance comprehension of processes leading to the petrogenesis of intermediate magmas by providing whole rock and phase geochemical data of an eruptive cycle, thereby providing constraints on the magmatic evolution of the Kalama Eruptive Period. The eruptive sequence is divided into early, middle and late subperiods. The early Kalama began with two dacitic plinian eruptions and continued with smaller eruptions of dacite domes (64.4-66.5 wt% SiO₂) that included quenched mafic inclusions (53.7-57.7 wt% SiO₂). The middle Kalama signified the onset of basaltic andesite and andesite eruptions ranging between 55.5-58.5 wt % SiO₂. Subsequently, summit domes that began as felsic andesite (61-62.5 wt% SiO₂) and transitioned to dacite (62.5-64.6 wt% SiO₂) dominated the late Kalama. Previous work on Kalama-aged rocks suggests magma mixing is an integral process in their production. Compositions and textures of crystal phases, in addition to the presence of xenocrysts in middle and late Kalama rocks, confirm mechanical mixing of magmas likely produced many of the sampled compositions. New petrographic observations were integrated with new whole rock and phase EMP and LA-ICP-MS data and the known stratigraphy in order to constrain the magmatic and crustal components active during the Kalama Eruptive Period. New findings include: 1. Two populations of quenched mafic inclusions, one olivine-rich and one olivine-poor, are identified from the early Kalama based on mineralogy, textures, and major and trace element chemistry. Major element modeling shows crustal anatexis of plutonic inclusions found in early Kalama dacites could produce the felsic magma source of the olivine-poor population. The olivine-rich population incorporated cumulate material. 2. Four distinct lava populations erupted during the early part of the middle Kalama (X lavas), including two found exclusively in lahar deposits: M-type lahars are the most mafic, B-type lahars are more mixed, the Two Finger Flow was previously grouped with other middle Kalama-age lavas, and the X lava (in situ) has unique geochemical and textural character. X tephras likely correlate with the lavas. 3. There were at least three mafic source contributions at Mount St. Helens during the eruptive period: the parent to the X deposits, the cumulate material in the olivine-rich QMIs, and the calc-alkaline parent to the MKLV and SDO. The magma reservoir at Mount St. Helens has been modeled as a single, elongate chamber (Pallister et al., 1992). Multiple coeval basaltic or basaltic andesite parents fluxing into the magmatic system beneath the volcano could indicate a more complex magma chamber structure. / Graduation date: 2011

In an attempt to practice inclusive planning, this research project explores whether Broadway Avenue functions as an ethnic commercial strip and identifies social, physical, and economic components that contribute to the Latino neighborhood/ barrio. Using pilot studies Loukaitou-Sideris (2000), Loukaitou-Sideris (2002), Rojas (1993), Manzumdar et al. (2000), Main (2007), and Fernando (2007) as a foundation, this research uses a single case study in addition to several research methods: 42 random surveys, literature review and analysis, site observations/pictures, and land use survey. Various scholars write that barrios have unique physical, social, economic, and political attributes. A new aesthetic, art, symbols, type of businesses, music, community events, and vendors all add to social ambiance and physical design of the neighborhood (Rojas,1993). The findings reported in this case study highlight that the majority of the people who are present at any given time on Broadway Avenue are Latino immigrants from a lower socio-economic background. They visit Broadway’s Latino commercial strip from across Los Angeles County to shop, work, and for leisure purposes. Broadway Avenue is a festive, popular, spiritual, and political public space for many Latino immigrants. Many of the study participants are attracted to Broadway’s diversity, architecture, aesthetics, culturally themed stores and restaurants; showing that this Latino commercial strip possesses deep social, physical and economic significance. Contributions of this study include a detailed description about Broadway Avenue beyond the existing literature review. Survey results provide valuable information about what study participants would like to be preserved for Broadway’s future. This information provides user-driven recommendations for preservation and change on Broadway Avenue. Broadway Avenue between Second Street and Olympic Boulevard in downtown Los Angeles is the focused area of this thesis project to provide a qualitative description of the environment of a Latino commercial strip. This thesis provides recommendations to urban planners as they attempt to preserve cultural elements of Broadway’s Latino commercial strip.

Ce projet de recherche s'articule sur la validation de notre hypothèse qui affirme que l’introversion résidentielle dans la communauté métropolitaine de Montréal (CMM), ce n’est qu'une étape ultime vers la fermeture résidentielle. Ainsi, que ces lotissements prennent d’autres formes d’enclosure, qui diffèrent du modèle des Gated Communities (GCs) étatsuniennes. Ce dernier se caractérise par la clôture, la gouvernance privée, le marquage d’entrée par les portails et le flicage à travers la vidéosurveillance. Cette enclosure introvertie se réalise par la forme urbaine ̶ semi-fermée ̶ des ensembles résidentiels. Cependant, ces enclaves montréalaises se dirigent vers le modèle d’enclavement francilien; qui se caractérise par le passage doux (inaperçu) vers la fermeture résidentielle (Paquot, 2009). Précisément, nous viserons à étudier la typo-morphologie du phénomène des GCs et ses impacts par la rupture physico-spatiale, et par la ségrégation socio-spatiale sur le territoire urbain et suburbain. Notre champ d’expérimentation est la CMM. Cependant, une revue critique de la littérature sur le phénomène dans quatre territoires des pays suivants : au Canada, dans l’Ouest canadien, en France, dans l’Île-de-France, au Mexique, dans la région métropolitaine de Puebla et aux États-Unis à Los Angeles, nous a permis de tirer des conclusions en matière de définition et de divergence. La définition des GCs selon la littérature actuelle est très restreinte, elle exclut d’autres types enclos qui ne se renferment pas avec leurs clôtures, mais beaucoup plus avec leurs formes urbaines semi-fermées. Ces derniers types nous l’avions destinée à une nouvelle désignation : enclaves résidentielles introverties (ERI). Cela est après avoir réfuté la désignation d'« enclave résidentielle » utilisée par les auteurs francophones. Cette dernière n’est pas précise, elle inclut notamment tous les ensembles résidentiels qui se distinguent avec leur style individualisé par apport à leurs alentours, voire même si leur forme urbaine est ouverte. En outre, nous voulons démontrer que ces formes urbaines semi-fermées sont vraiment des lacunes au niveau des ententes conclues entre la ville (autorité locale) et les promoteurs au Québec. Ces formes urbaines sont en antinomie avec les principes du développement durable. Elles rendent la possibilité d’offrir un transport écologique impossible, leur structure est irréversible sauf si l'on va recourir à la démolition de certaines maisons pour désenclaver l’ensemble. Ces lotissements semi-fermés empêchent la circulation en éliminant la connexion de leurs rues intérieures avec le reste des voies passantes qui tissent le tissu urbain toutes autour. Parfois le panneau « cul-de-sac » garantit l’exclusivité des rues intérieures de l’ensemble résidentiel. Cette forme urbaine encourage les déplacements massifs en automobile vers les lieux de travail, étant donné qu'elle est localisée souvent loin des voies desservies par le transport en commun. En outre, cette forme semi-fermée complique l’intervention des pompiers en cas d’incendie. / This research focuses on the validation of our hypothesis which states that residential introversion in the metropolitan community of Montreal (MCM) is only the last step of residential closure. These developments are taking other forms of enclosure which differ from the design of American gated communities (GCs). These communities are characterized by the enclosure, private governance, policing through video surveillance and the marking of entry by gates. The introverted enclosure is achieved by the urban form semi-closed of residential development. However, these enclaves are like the model of closed developments in Île-de-France. This later is characterized by the uncontrolled progression to closed residential development (Paquot, 2009). Precisely, we shall study the typo-morphology of the phenomenon of GCs and their impacts of physical rupture and social-space segregation of urban and suburban territory. Our area of experimentation is the MCM, however, a criticized review of literature that analyses the phenomenon in four countries (the Canadian West; Île-de-France, France; Puebla, Mexico; and Los Angeles, United States of America) allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the divergence of definitions. The definition of GCs according to the current literature is very limited. It excludes other types of residential closing that are not characterised by their fences, but more with their semi-enclosed urban forms. So, we have refuting the label of "residential enclave" used by French authors, and then we have assigned these types a new designation: introverted residential enclaves (IRE). Our resentment is that the term of enclave residential is not precise: it includes the residential development that stands out with individual style by contributing to its surroundings, even if the urban form is open. Furthermore, we show that these semi-enclosed urban forms are indeed gaps in conventions between the local authorities and developers in Quebec. These urban forms are in contradiction with the principles of sustainable development. They imped the possibility of providing an ecological transport. Their structure is irreversible, without the demolition of certain houses in order to open up the whole. These shapes prevent also pedestrian traffic. Sometimes the panel "cul-de-sac" guarantees exclusivity of internal streets to their resident. / Plusieurs logiciels utilisés dans la réalisation des pièces graphiques incluses dans ce mémoire : ArcGIS 10; Autocad 2012; GIS Consortium de la Ville de Chicago; PowerPoint 2010, Photoshop... etc. Notre recherche est la première et la seule qui aborde le phénomène de l'introversion résidentielle au Québec. Elle se focalise sur le postulat de la représentation du phénomène de l’introversion résidentielle autant qu’une forme urbaine fermée ou semi-fermée d’une descendance accouplée aux GCs étatsuniennes. De la gated community américaine vers l’enclave francilienne, à l’introversion résidentielle montréalaise. À l'aide de notre analyse typo-morphologique, basée principalement sur la théorie de Rossi (1966), nous avons dévoilé sur un nouveau fait urbain qui existe dans la communauté métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous l'avions désigné par : enclaves résidentielles introverties (ERI).

No description available.

Carnival, Royal Caribbean, and Norwegian—the most profitable cruise lines today—emerged between the late 1960s and early 1970s, as the elitist leisure ocean travel industry attempted to recover from economic downturn. These mass-market lines targeted an American middle class that increasingly had the desire and financial means to travel. They secured much of this untapped market by creating packaged vacations that responded to the needs and tastes of a middle-class clientele. Drawing on cruise advertisements, newspaper articles, ephemera, industry documents, travel writing, and memorabilia books, this dissertation analyzes how these three companies used cultural and geographic referents to produce cruise vacations, responding to an increased consumer interest in cultural sampling as an accruement of economic globalization. Findings suggest that cruise ships offered their owners a space to arrange simulated interactions with global cultures—a practice that soon extended to Caribbean cruise ports as these companies gained the market power to influence encounters there. This complex collision of global cultures was advanced by a goal to offer passengers opportunities to discover new worlds. However, many of the cultural representations displayed on cruise ships were pastiches—essentializations drawn from popular media forms and based in Eurocentrism. These were meant to be entertaining, not accurate, representations. Nevertheless, as themed environments gained momentum, these cultural forms helped to transform ships into destinations in their own right—a process through which cruise lines produced a captive audience to siphon passenger spending from the Caribbean. At the same time, cruise lines leveraged their mediating power and economic influence to hide from passengers the supposed poverty, crime, and disease at Caribbean ports, and even the mundanities of daily life there, while increasingly installing mechanisms to appropriate spending from those who chose to debark the ship. These processes intensified as the decades advanced. This study thus finds that cultural homogenization did not result in an immediately apparent reduction of difference, because difference was profitable and central to the mass-market cruise industry’s advertising strategies. However, the surface-level cultural heterogeneity that cruises offered was reduced through a homogenizing vision that balanced novelty with passenger comfort, engagement, and convenience in support of corporate profits. The resulting cultural production process was not suggestive of glocalization, but rather a new phenomenon meriting further research.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена исследованию вопросов формирования этнических анклавов мигрантского типа на принимающей территории. Актуальность данной темы исследования обуславливается тем, что потоки трудовых мигрантов и членов их семей в современную Россию увеличиваются, стимулируя процессы анклавизации. Это является крайне нежелательным явлением для принимающего общества и самих мигрантов, препятствуя их интеграции в российское общество. В работе выявлены и проанализированы негативные последствия процессов анклаватизации на территориях мегаполисов. Научная новизна исследования заключается в разработке методики оценки миграционно привлекательных территорий мегаполиса, которая включает в себя выбор показателей и критериев оценивания, разработку больной системы и ранжирование микрорайонов. Основой для выделения критериев оценки миграционно привлекательных микрорайонов служит анализ научных источников и экспертный опрос специалистов, занимающихся вопросами миграции. Уровень степени согласованности мнений экспертов оценен посредством расчета коэффициента вариации и коэффициента конкордации (коэффициент Кендалла). Также в магистерской диссертации разработан и апробирован подход к оценке процессов аклаватизации через изучение численности детей-мигрантов в школах города. Для сбора эмпирических данных в работе активно применяются ГИС-технологии. Предложенная методика апробирована на данных г. Екатеринбурга. Магистерская диссертация представляет интерес для лиц, занимающихся вопросами международной миграции, и может быть полезно для формирования инструментов проведения миграционной политики и развития городской среды. / This Master's dissertation is dedicated to a research of forming of migration type ethnical enclaves in a host region. Relevance of this topic is determined by the fact of increased flow of migrant workers and their families in modern Russia stimulates the process of enclavisation. This is highly undesirable fact for locals in the host region and for migrants themselves, because of their difficulties with integration in Russian society. There were been discovered and analysed negative consequences of enclavisation process in the territories of metropolises. Scientific novation of this research is a development of methods which can be used to assess migratory attractive areas of metropolis. These methods include a selection of indicators and criteria of assessment, development of bigger system and ranging of microdistricts. To emphasize criteria of assessment of migratory attractive areas there is a basis - an analysis of scientific origins and an expert survey of specialists, who are involved into research of migration issues. Measure of coherent experts' views is assessed by calculation of variations and concordance multipliers (Candall multiplier). Also in this Master's dissertation there is a method of aclavatization processes assessment through a research of migrants' children in city schools was developed and tested. GIS-technologies are actively used to gather empirical data. Offered methods were tested at Yekaterinburg city data. Specialists who are involved into a work on international migration may be interested in this Master's disseration, which may be useful also for migratory policy and development of city environment.