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Entrepreneurs formulate and implement strategies to tackle different knowledge problems over the entrepreneurial journey. This dissertation systematically disentangled and compared the value of two strategic decision logics that have been tested little in the extant entrepreneurship literature: the strategic decision logic that leverages speed advantages versus the logic that leverages comprehensive advantages. Using a pseudo-NK simulation method first in the management and entrepreneurship fields, the comparative effectiveness of new product development strategies that leverage speed (e.g., the lean method [paper one] and a modular strategy [paper two]) versus comprehensiveness (e.g., a more comprehensive method [paper one] and a parallel strategy [paper two]) was tested in the first and second essays of the dissertation. In the third essay, I systematically reviewed, analyzed, and disentangled two existing corporate strategy constructs of decision speed and decision comprehensiveness by investigating different ways these decision strategies could be effective within entrepreneurship. I also used a multilevel meta-analysis to synthesize and test the contingent role of decision speed and decision comprehensiveness in different entrepreneurial decision contexts. That is, I found that the value of these two entrepreneurial strategies would be contingent upon the external and internal conditions of ventures. Overall, this dissertation shows that strategies that leverage comprehensiveness might even be more effective in entrepreneurship than the strategies that leverage speed advantages, depending on the internal and external decision contexts. / Doctor of Philosophy / Entrepreneurs venture into the unknown to capture abnormal profits. Specifically, entrepreneurs make efforts to develop novel products/services, the market value of which is yet unknown. Thus, a rapid decision-making strategy is typically considered a good decision strategy because it allows entrepreneurs to test the potential new products first and then use the real-time feedback and information that come directly from the market (where there is a high level of 'unknowingness') after testing the products to update those that better satisfy market demands. However, such entrepreneurial strategies that leverage quick decisions do not necessarily capture profits because early adopters from which entrepreneurs collect feedback do not necessarily represent mainstream customers. Rather, it is possible that the market feedback obtained through quick product experimentations fails to indicate actual market demands. Hence, more comprehensive strategies can be a good alternative to rapid decision strategies (e.g., lean startups) for entrepreneurs. Specifically, entrepreneurs can use more comprehensive product designs (paper one), employ systematic approaches (e.g., advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence) to create multiple potential product candidates (paper three), and experiment with multiple products simultaneously (paper two) for new product development. However, this dissertation shows that the effectiveness of comprehensive strategies compared with the entrepreneurial strategies that leverage speed is contingent upon the internal contexts (e.g., available resources and venture lifecycles) and external conditions (e.g., market features).

L’orientation entrepreneuriale constitue un concept éprouvé en sciences de gestion. Si les travaux qui lui sont consacrés concernent très majoritairement les entreprises privées et retiennent une approche quantitative, on assiste à présent à une aspiration au renouvellement de la recherche autour du concept (méthodologie, champ d’application...). Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce courant en abordant l’orientation entrepreneuriale des élus locaux par le biais d’une démarche d’accompagnement par la prospective. Pour ce faire nous émettons deux propositions de recherche : la première repose sur le bien fondé de l’utilisation de ce concept chez les élus des collectivités territoriales et la seconde sur l’efficacité des démarches d’accompagnement fondées sur la prospective pour ces élus. Après une revue de littérature consacrée à la dimension entrepreneuriale des élus et une première approche du concept dans les collectivités territoriales au travers de trois minis cas, nous déployons une démarche qualitative de recherche intervention de type ingénierique. Cette dernière a pour objet d’accompagner la structuration de la filière Santé-Biotechnologies en Lorraine. A l’issue de cette thèse nous concluons à la validité des propositions émises. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence les apports conceptuels et managériaux et nous envisageons les perspectives de recherche qu’elle génère / Entrepreneurial orientation is now a highly-proven concept in management sciences. While the work devoted to the subject mostly relates to private enterprises and adopts a quantitative approach, a fresh current has now undertaken to revisit research in this field (methodology, scope…). This doctor’s thesis is in line with the new trend and shows elected local officials’ entrepreneurial orientation through a prospective accompaniment approach. To do this, I have come up with two research proposals. The first is based on stressing the relevance of resorting to the concept in a political environment, and the second rests on the efficiency of the prospective guiding steps destined for elected officials. The review of literature devoted to the entrepreneurial dimension of elected politicians followed by a preliminary approach of the concept through three case studies pave the way for an engineering qualitative approach of action research. It is meant to provide guidance for the structuring of the Health and Biotechnology sector in the Lorraine region. The conclusion of the thesis shows the relevance of the submissions and highlights the conceptual and managerial contributions before it opens up on some forms of potential ensuing research

The dissertation consists of two essays. The first essay studies governance structures and their effectiveness for start-up companies and their survival. We utilize data from the Kauffman Survey, which tracks a sample of firms from their inceptions through their first eight years of existence. We hypothesize and find evidence that a startup's governance system affects its survivability as well as its performance. We show that controlling for the firm size and the industry, cross-sectional variations in the performance of the start-up firms can be explained by governance variables; the presence of one or more independent board member on the board, the separation between the person holding the CEO position and the chair of the board. From the startup survival perspective, we show that the presence of one or more independent board member(s), the separation between CEO and board chair, and external funding are effective factors that promote a start-up's longevity. The second essay studies the direct and indirect relations between Governance and firm survival and performance through Entrepreneurial Orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is defined as the attributes, including innovativeness, autonomy, risk-taking attitude, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness, that a business organization displays at the time of entry. Several researchers have studied the linkage between EO and organizational performance as well as the survival rate of new firms and find conflicting results. Reasons for the contradictory results might very well be the way the researchers have defined the EO attributes and the data source they use which is based on subjective responses. In the hopes of reducing inconsistent results, we propose that it is the governance factors that influence the performance and survival of these firm via mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Governance factors remove the definition as well as data measurement problems. By using the 8-year longitudinal data of 4928 startups, we show that governance system significantly impacts a start-up’s performance and survival via entrepreneurial orientation.

La littérature, s’est beaucoup intéressée à l’entrepreneur solitaire, notamment à ses origines, à son profil et à ses actions. Certains auteurs le considèrent comme un mythe et un héros capable de se dépasser dans les situations les plus complexes. L’émergence des entreprises de nouvelles technologies ont fait connaître une nouvelle forme d’entrepreneuriat de plus en plus fréquente, qui se présente sous forme d’équipe entrepreneuriale. Etant donné, la réserve des réflexions académiques concernant ce champ d’étude, il est utile d’apporter quelques éclairages à ce sujet. Cette recherche se veut donc une contribution théorique et pratique à la compréhension de la notion de l’équipe entrepreneuriale et ses spécificités.L’équipe entrepreneuriale étant une entité dynamique devant être traitée en sa globalité irréductible, une analyse analytique nous semble réductrice. Par conséquent, nous proposons un cadrage théorique au moyen de la théorie systémique. / Literature has been deeply interested in the solitary entrepreneur, mainly in his origins, profile and actions. Some authors consider him as a myth and a hero capable to exceed himself in the most complex situations. The emergence of new technology companies introduced a new form of entrepreneurship more and more frequent, which comes in the shape of entrepreneurial team. Since there is a reservation on the topic of academic thoughts in this field of study, it is useful to provide some insight on this. This research is intended for a theoretical and practical contribution to the understanding of the entrepreneurial team concept. Following a literary review on entrepreneurial teams, we propose a theoretical framework based on systemic approach. In fact, the entrepreneurial team is a dynamic entity; an analytical analysis seems to reduce the complexity in its elementary components whereas it should be treated in its irreducible globalism.

The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate entrepreneurial environment in the Czech Republic and France, define its strengths and weaknesses and suggest possible improvements. The thesis offers a comprehensive look at the key entrepreneurial aspects from the perspective of small and medium entrepreneurs. The thesis describes and analyses tax issues, social security scheme, entrepreneurial support, legal forms of business entities and administrative burden of entrepreneurs. The thesis also comprises SWOT analysis of entrepreneurial environment of both compared countries. The thesis includes a practical part (apart from the theoretical part) which concerns an evaluation of a survey by questionnaire conducted among Czech small and medium entrepreneurs. The final part of thesis does not lack author's point of view on the described issues.

This study analysed the entrepreneurial intentions of academic researchers to create spinoffs in a country where the phenomenon of academic spinoffs is emerging. The study consisted of a quantitative analysis of entrepreneurial intentions, performed within the context of South Africa’s Higher Education Institutions and Science Councils.The study drew from psychological and entrepreneurship research on intentionality to measure the level of entrepreneurial intentions using specific determinants (entrepreneurial self-efficacy, personal networks, perceived role models, number of years spent at the academic institution, number of patents/ copyrights/ designs, type of research, and cooperation with industry) that characterise the emergence of academic entrepreneurial intentions that lead academics to the creation of spinoffs. The study also aimed to determine if there were differences in the entrepreneurial intentions between researchers in technical and non-technical fields of expertise.A quantitative online survey was conducted amongst researchers in higher education institutions and science councils, followed by data analysis using a multiple linear regression to measure the entrepreneurial intentions. Thereafter a determination of factors associated with the higher levels of intention and a comparison of the level of intentions was conducted between researchers from the two study groups using an analysis of coefficients and significance tests respectively.The study showed that the entrepreneurial intentions of researchers in South Africa were very low. It was also shown that entrepreneurial self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of academic entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore it was found that there was no significant difference in the entrepreneurial intentions between researchers in technical and non technical fields of expertise. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The research problem for the study was the low entrepreneurial activity in South Africa that leads to high unemployment rates. The research question wanted to investigate the effect that entrepreneurship education may have on the students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Intentions were measured because the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which was employed as the framework, postulates that intention is the best predictor of behaviour. The study also investigated the effect of social norms on the students’ entrepreneurial intentions; whether the students who have self-employed parents and/or have personal entrepreneurial experience, would show higher levels of entrepreneurial intentions than students with a different background. A quantitative research design was employed to answer the research questions, and to test the hypotheses. An online survey was sent to the entire target population and anonymous responses were received. This was important and ethical as it protected the respondents’ identity. A total of 92 responses out of 1 743 students were received, and 73 were complete. The collected data was analysed using a Stata 15 statistical package. The study found that entrepreneurship education does indeed have an effect of raising the students’ entrepreneurial intentions, attitudes and their perceived entrepreneurial skills gained from studying entrepreneurship. The students who come from communities where entrepreneurship is less prevalent showed the highest gain in intentions, attesting to the effect of education in an open distance learning context on their intentions. The students’ entrepreneurial background did not show any effect on their intentions; those who have self-employed parents did not have higher intentions than the students with a different background. To increase the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education, it is recommended that more practical ways of teaching entrepreneurship should be implemented. It is also recommended that entrepreneurship education should be extended to more students, and particularly to science and engineering students. This is because the latter are more likely to produce innovative products that will lead to high growth, high impact businesses that will employ more people for longer, therefore raising entrepreneurial activity and reducing unemployment. / Business Management / M. Com. (Entrepreneurship)

Enligt läroplanen för gymnasieskolan (Skolverket, 2011a) ses entreprenöriella förmågor och kompetenser som vägen framåt för att förbereda eleverna för de utmaningar som finns i dagens samhälle. Det utvecklar deras kreativitet, förmåga att ta initiativ och ansvar, samt stimulerar motivationen och engagemanget hos dem. Studien undersökte vilka arbetssätt och förhållningssätt tekniklärare har gällande undervisning i entreprenörskap och entreprenöriellt lärande i teknikämnet på gymnasiet för att främja dessa entreprenöriella förmågor hos eleverna. Samt vilka hinder lärare upplever och vilka resurser som krävs. Enkäter skickades till tekniklärare på gymnasieskolor för att undersöka detta. Det framkom att den otydliga definitionen av begreppet entreprenörskap har lett till olika tolkningar som i sin tur lett till olika implementeringar. Lärarnas tolkning av entreprenörskap kunde delas in till tre förhållningssätt: utvecklande av företagande som i huvudsak sker genom företagsstarter/Ungföretagsamhet, utvecklandet av designtänkandet i värdeskapande syfte som i huvudsak sker genom projektbaserade uppdrag och slutligen utvecklande av entreprenöriella förmågor genom traditionell undervisning som i huvudsak utgår från läroboken, lärarnas genomgångar samt skriftliga och muntliga övningar. I studien framkom tydliga hinder som begränsar implementeringen av entreprenöriellt lärande i undervisningen såsom brist på tid, utrustning, lokaler, läromedel samt brist på kontakter med näringslivet för att kunna skapa verklighetsbaserade arbetsuppgifter som stödjer elevers lärande och ökar deras motivation. Dessutom lyfter studien fram att det krävs förändrat tänkande kring skolans kultur och struktur, som till exempel mer stöd från skolledningen, kollegiala samarbeten, anpassad utrustning och lokaler. Lärarna behöver även en tydlig definition av begreppen entreprenörskap och entreprenöriellt lärande,djupa ämnes- och didaktiska kunskaper, gott ledarskap och tillräckligt med tid, för att entreprenöriellt lärande ska vara framträdande och genomsyra teknikundervisningen i samtliga gymnasieskolor. / According to the national Swedish curriculum for upper secondary school (Skolverket, 2011a), entrepreneurial abilities and competencies are seen as the way forward to prepare students for the challenges that exist in today's society, it develops their abilities to take initiative and responsibility, and stimulates their motivation and commitment. The study investigated the teacher's teaching methods and their attitudes regarding teaching entrepreneurial education in the technology program in upper secondary school in order to stimulate these entrepreneurial abilities in students, as well as what obstacles teachers experienced and what resources are required. Questionnaires were sent to technology teachers in high schools to investigate this. It emerged that the unclear definition of the concept of entrepreneurship has led to different interpretations which, in turn, have led to different implementations. The teachers' interpretation of entrepreneurship could be divided into three approaches: development of entrepreneurship that mainly takes place through business start-ups / Young Enterprise (UF) concept, development of design thinking for value-creating purposes that mainly takes place through project-based assignments and finally development of entrepreneurial skills through traditional teaching from the textbook, the teachers' reviews and written and oral exercises. The study revealed clear obstacles that limit the implementation of entrepreneurial learning in today's teaching such as lack of time, equipment, facilities, teaching materials and lack of contacts with businesses to be able to create reality-based tasks that support students' learning and increase their motivation. In addition, the study highlights that a change in thinking about the school's culture and structure is required, such as more support from the school management, collegial collaborations, adapted equipment and premises. Teachers also need a clear definition of the concepts of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial learning, deep subject and didactic knowledge, good leadership and sufficient time for entrepreneurial learning to be prominent and permeate technology teaching in all upper secondary schools.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Uno de los elementos organizativos más significativos, identificado por la comunidad investigadora para desarrollar el emprendimiento, es el liderazgo (Ensley, Pearce & Hmieleski, 2006). Para que las actividades emprendedoras tengan éxito, los líderes requieren ciertos factores de liderazgo. A la hora de estudiar esos factores, constatamos que se sitúan en la intersección de dos dominios independientes como son el liderazgo y el emprendimiento, creando un nuevo paradigma: llamado liderazgo emprendedor. Este constructo relativamente reciente surge para responder a los retos y dificultades que se encuentran los emprendedores a lo largo de sus actividades emprendedoras y poder así superarlos. Sin embargo, todavía no existe una definición clara del liderazgo emprendedor ni tampoco marcos conceptuales y teóricos suficientes. Las diferentes definiciones suelen centrarse en los rasgos, características y comportamientos de los líderes emprendedores. Históricamente, la investigación analiza los rasgos y la demografía del líder. Es más relevante la edad, los estudios o el origen étnico del emprendedor que lo que hace, no se suele prestar atención al contexto del emprendimiento, es decir, a las diferentes fases por las que pasa una actividad emprendedora. Sin embargo, según la teoría del liderazgo emprendedor, el contexto es un importante moderador de la eficacia del líder. Además, si queremos abordar los factores de liderazgo en el emprendimiento de las mujeres, hay una evidencia consistente de que el líder y el emprendedor son construcciones de género. Existe un sesgo masculino dominante en los campos del liderazgo y el emprendimiento. Y todo lo relativo al emprendimiento femenino y lo que puede impactar en su crecimiento merece ser estudiado por derecho propio (Bruin, Brush, & Welter, 2006). A pesar de esas dificultades, no se han realizado suficientes investigaciones para comprender mejor qué atributos de liderazgo se consideran más importantes según la etapa del proceso emprendedor, si son contextuales o universales, y menos aún con enfoque de género. En conclusión, es importante identificar y comprender mejor qué factores o habilidades de liderazgo se consideran más valiosos para superar los retos con éxito a lo largo del proceso emprendedor. Con la presente tesis doctoral se quiere investigar estas cuestiones. En primer lugar, en la parte inicial de este documento se evidencia, a través de un análisis bibliométrico con y sin enfoque de género, que efectivamente el constructo del liderazgo emprendedor es un dominio con identidad propia desde hace relativamente poco tiempo, que adolece de una falta de marcos conceptuales, teóricos y modelos empíricos. En complemento, cuando abordamos el liderazgo emprendedor con lente de género, existe una evidencia consistente de que las descripciones estándar de las características de los líderes emprendedores están basadas en normas y rasgos con claro sesgo de género masculino dominante. El discurso del liderazgo emprendedor tiende a moverse hacia la subordinación de todos aquellos que no se ajustan a dicho estereotipo. En la segunda parte de la tesis, se identifican, a través de una revisión de literatura, los atributos más importantes del liderazgo emprendedor femenino que serán la base para construir los modelos relacionales que evaluaremos en la parte final. Mediante una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura, se identificaron y recogieron 267 factores de liderazgo. Gracias a un análisis de co-ocurrencia de los factores, se descubre que los más frecuentes son la innovación, la comunicación, el trabajo en red, la pasión, la asunción de riesgos, la visión, la oportunidad, la toma de decisiones, la autoeficacia y la necesidad de logro, entre otros. Otra de las contribuciones es que no se observan atributos de liderazgo diferentes en función del género cuando se comparan con estudios similares sin enfoque de género. Como limitación de dicho análisis, no se detecta en qué momentos intervienen dic / [CA] Un dels elements organitzatius més significatius, identificat per la comunitat investigadora per a desenrotllar l'emprenedoria, és el lideratge (Ensley, Pearce & Hmieleski, 2006). Perquè les activitats emprenedores tinguen èxit, els líders requerixen certs factors de lideratge. A l'hora d'estudiar eixos factors, constatem que se situen en la intersecció de dos dominis independents com són el lideratge i l'emprenedoria, creant un nou paradigma: cridat lideratge emprenedor. Este constructe relativament recent sorgix per a respondre als reptes i dificultats que es troben els emprenedors al llarg de les seues activitats emprenedores i poder així superar-los. No obstant això, encara no hi ha una definició clara del lideratge emprenedor ni tampoc marcs conceptuals i teòrics suficients. Les diferents definicions solen centrar-se en les característiques i comportaments dels líders emprenedors. Històricament, la investigació analitza els trets i la demografia del líder. És més rellevant l'edat, els estudis o l'origen ètnic de l'emprenedor que el que fa, no se sol prestar atenció al context de l'emprenedoria, és a dir, a les diferents fases per les quals passa una activitat emprenedora. No obstant això, segons la teoria del lideratge emprenedor, el context és un important moderador de l'eficàcia del líder. A més, si volem abordar els factors de lideratge en l'emprenedoria de les dones, hi ha una clara evidència de què el líder i l'emprenedor són construccions de gènere. Hi ha un caire masculí dominant en els camps del lideratge i l'emprenedoria. I tot el que es referix a l'emprenedoria per part de les dones i el que pot impactar en el seu creixement mereix ser estudiat per dret propi (Bruin, Brush, & Wèlter, 2006). A pesar d'eixes dificultats, no s'han realitzat suficients investigacions per a comprendre millor quins atributs de lideratge es consideren més importants segons l'etapa del procés emprenedor, si són contextuals o universals, i menys encara amb enfocament de gènere. En conclusió, és important identificar i comprendre millor quins factors o habilitats de lideratge es consideren més valuosos per a superar els reptes amb èxit al llarg del procés emprenedor. Amb la present tesi doctoral es pretén investigar aquestes qüestions. En primer lloc, en la part inicial d'aquest document s'evidencia, a través d'una anàlisi bibliomètrica amb i sense enfocament de gènere, que efectivament el constructe del lideratge emprenedor és un domini amb identitat pròpia des de fa relativament poc de temps, que patix d'una falta de marcs conceptuals, teòrics i models empírics. Per tant, quan abordem el lideratge emprenedor amb lent de gènere, hi ha una evidència marcada de què les descripcions estàndard de les característiques dels líders emprenedors estan basades en normes i trets amb clar caire de gènere masculí dominant. El discurs del lideratge emprenedor tendix a moure's cap a la subordinació de tots aquells que no s'ajusten a aquest estereotip. En la segona part de la tesi, s'identifiquen, a través d'una revisió de literatura, els atributs més importants del lideratge emprenedor femení que seran la base per a construir els models relacionals que avaluarem en la part final. Per mitjà d'una revisió exhaustiva de la literatura, es van identificar i es van arreplegar 267 factors de lideratge. Gràcies a una anàlisi de co-idea dels factors, es descobrix que els més freqüents són la innovació, la comunicació, el treball en xarxa, la passió, l'assumpció de riscos, la visió, l'oportunitat, la presa de decisions, l'autoeficàcia i la necessitat d'èxit, entre altres. Una altra de les contribucions és que no s'observen atributs de lideratge diferents en funció del gènere quan es comparen amb estudis semblants sense enfocament de gènere. Com a limitació d'aquesta anàlisi, no es detecta en quins moments intervenen els factors assenyalats en les distintes fases de l'emprenedoria. L'objectiu final de la present tesi doctoral és analitzar com certes combinacions / [EN] One of the most significant organizational elements identified by the research community for developing entrepreneurship is leadership (Ensley, Pearce & Hmieleski, 2006). For entrepreneurial activities to be successful, leaders require certain leadership factors. When studying these factors, we find that they are located at the intersection of two independent domains, namely leadership and entrepreneurship, and create a new paradigm called entrepreneurial leadership. This relatively recent construct arises to respond to the challenges and difficulties encountered by entrepreneurs throughout their entrepreneurial activities to overcome them. However, neither a clear definition of entrepreneurial leadership, nor sufficient conceptual and theoretical frameworks, are available. The different definitions tend to focus on entrepreneurial leaders' traits, characteristics and behaviors. Historically, research has analyzed leaders' traits and demographics. Entrepreneurs' age, education and ethnicity are more relevant than what they were, and attention is not normally paid to the entrepreneurship context, i.e., the different phases through which an entrepreneurial activity passes. However, according to the entrepreneurial leadership theory, context is an essential moderator of leader effectiveness. Furthermore, if we wish to address leadership factors in women's entrepreneurship, there is consistent evidence that leader and entrepreneur are gendered constructs. There is a dominant male bias in the leadership and entrepreneurship fields, and everything about women's entrepreneurship and what can impact its growth deserve to be studied in their own right (Bruin, Brush, & Welter, 2006). Despite these difficulties, not enough research has been done to better understand what leadership attributes are considered the most important depending on the entrepreneurial process stage, whether they are contextual or universal, let alone gendered. To conclude, it is essential to identify and better understand which leadership factors or skills are most valuable to successfully overcome challenges throughout the entrepreneurial process. The present doctoral thesis aims to investigate these questions. First of all, with a bibliometric analysis the initial part of this research evidences, with and without a gender focus, that indeed the entrepreneurial leadership construct is a domain with its own identity because relatively recently it suffered from lack of conceptual and theoretical frameworks and empirical models. In addition, when we approach entrepreneurial leadership with a gender lens, there is consistent evidence that standard descriptions of entrepreneurial leaders' characteristics are based on norms and traits with a clear dominant male gender bias. Entrepreneurial leadership discourse tends to move towards the subordination of all those who do not conform to that stereotype. In the second part of the thesis, through a literature review it identifies the most essential attributes of female entrepreneurial leadership, which will be the basis for building the relational models that are evaluated in the final part. By means of a comprehensive literature review, 267 leadership factors are identified and collected. Thanks to a co-occurrence analysis of the factors, it discovers that the most frequent are innovation, communication, networking, passion, risk-taking, vision, opportunity, decision making, self-efficacy, the need for achievement, among others. Another contribution is that no gender-differentiated leadership attributes are observed compared to similar studies without a gender focus. As a limitation of this analysis, it is not detected at what times these factors intervene in the different entrepreneurship phases. The final objective of this doctoral thesis is to analyze how certain combinations of leadership factors impact the different stages of female entrepreneurs' activity in both the launching and start-up phases, and also in the / Aparisi Torrijo, S. (2022). Los factores del liderazgo influyentes en el crecimiento y éxito del emprendimiento femenino [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/186301 / Compendio