Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-25T12:42:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leandroricartecastrodesouza.pdf: 73288829 bytes, checksum: 1c632f09ca7034b18111ada33cce806c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T11:50:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leandroricartecastrodesouza.pdf: 73288829 bytes, checksum: 1c632f09ca7034b18111ada33cce806c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T11:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leandroricartecastrodesouza.pdf: 73288829 bytes, checksum: 1c632f09ca7034b18111ada33cce806c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / A criação de áreas protegidas se firmou no mundo como uma das principais políticas relacionadas ao meio ambiente. Porém, o modelo que se tornou dominante parte de uma visão de natureza oriunda da dicotomia entre sociedade e meio ambiente. Os processos de criação de áreas naturais protegidas no mundo, especialmente a partir do final do século XIX, têm ocasionado inúmeros conflitos entre os diferentes sujeitos que possuem visões e interesses diversos sobre a natureza e seus recursos, além de gerar situações de injustiças ambientais às populações impactadas pela criação desses espaços. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa buscou realizar uma análise sobre a relação entre as áreas naturais protegidas, em especial a tipologia Unidade de Conservação, e a ocorrência de conflitos socioambientais e de injustiça ambiental. Tomando como ferramenta de análise a categoria geográfica do território, além das perspectivas críticas da Ecologia Política, da Justiça Ambiental e do Ecossocialismo, buscou-se realizar um estudo de caso da comunidade do Patrimônio da Penha, situada a cerca de um quilômetro do Parque Nacional do Caparaó, no município de Divino de São Lourenço – ES. Através da realização de revisão bibliográfica e, também, de observações e entrevistas com os moradores locais e os funcionários do parque, buscou-se averiguar as diferentes ocorrências de conflitos socioambientais, além de situações de injustiça ambiental que acometem as populações residentes no Patrimônio. Evidenciou-se, assim, que os conflitos socioambientais podem se manifestar em diferentes categorias e intensidades. Em relação ao Patrimônio da Penha, foi possível perceber que ocorrem os chamados conflitos socioambientais latentes, sendo estes caracterizados como situações em que os embates são, por vezes, camuflados pelos mecanismos sociopolíticos que vigoram sobre os territórios, não sendo notados pelos sujeitos envolvidos nos embates como situações de conflito. Notou-se, ainda, que estes conflitos foram diretamente influenciados pela presença do ParNa Caparaó na região, tendo o mesmo influenciado também nas situações de injustiça ambiental que puderam ser observadas sobre esse espaço. / Protected areas are one of the most common environmental policies around the world. Nevertheless, this model has been proposed based on a dichotomy between society and the environment. The definition of protected areas, particularly after the XIXth century, has resulted in various conflicts among agents with divergent understanding on nature and interests on natural resources. Moreover, such processes have also created situations of environmental injustice, since they prevent the access of specific social groups to resources that are crucial for their survival. Along these lines, this research aimed at analysing the relationship between protected areas, particularly Conservation Areas, socio-environmental conflicts and environmental injustices. Using the geographic category territory, and adopting critical perspectives such as Political Ecology, Environmental Justice and Ecosocialism, this case study evaluates the relationships between various actors around the Caparaó National Park, in Divino de São Lourenço municipality, Espírito Santo state. Using literature review, direct observation and interviews, the research evaluates the characteristics of the various socioenvironmental conflicts and environmental injustice situations that take place in that locality. During the research, it was possible to verify that socioenvironmental conflicts happen in various categories and intensity. Patrimônio da Penha is characterised by latent socioenvironmental conflicts, which are described as situations where disputes are masked by socio-political processes and not perceived by social agents. Additionally, it was noted that most of these conflicts have been directly influenced by the Caparaó National Park, as well as, diferent environmental injustice situations.

The Florida Everglades is a highly diverse socionatural landscape that historically spanned much of the south Florida peninsula. Today, the Florida Everglades is an iconic but highly contested conservation landscape. It is the site of one of the world’s largest publicly funded ecological restoration programs, estimated to cost over $8 billion (U.S. GAO 2007), and it is home to over two million acres of federally protected lands, including the Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park. However, local people’s values, practices and histories overlap and often conflict with the global and eco-centric values linked to Everglades environmental conservation efforts, sparking environmental conflict. My dissertation research examined the cultural politics of nature associated with two Everglades conservation and ecological restoration projects: 1) the creation and stewardship of the Big Cypress National Preserve, and 2) the Tamiami Trail project at the northern boundary of Everglades National Park. Using multiple research methods including ethnographic fieldwork, archival research, participant observation, surveys and semi-structured interviews, I documented how these two projects have shaped environmental claims-making strategies to Everglades nature on the part of environmental NGOs, the National Park Service and local white outdoorsmen. In particular, I examined the emergence of an oppositional white identity called the Gladesmen Culture. My findings include the following: 1) just as different forms of nature are historically produced, contingent and power-laden, so too are different claims to Everglades nature; 2) identity politics are an integral dimension of Everglades environmental conflicts; and 3) the Big Cypress region’s history and contemporary conflicts are shaped by the broader political economy of development in south Florida. My dissertation concluded that identity politics, class and property relations have played a key, although not always obvious, role in shaping Everglades history and environmental claims-making, and that they continue to influence contemporary Everglades environmental conflicts.

Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafo / En la comuna de El Quisco en la Región de Valparaíso, como en la mayoría de las comunas del país, no son ajenas las complicaciones que conlleva la gestión de los residuos, dichas complicaciones radican en el problema del florecimiento de microbasurales en diversos sectores del territorio comunal, que poseen ciertas características geográficas, sociales o sectoriales que pueden explicar su localización mediante el uso de los SIG. Sin embargo, la situación de los microbasurales no solo tienen explicaciones de su generación, sino que también suelen generar conflictos en la comunidad, el sector público y sectorialmente, como sucede con el turismo, principalmente en épocas estivales. Estos conflictos suelen expresarse de diversas formas y en distintas plataformas, pero tienden a invisibilizarse producto de la normalidad y de la cotidianeidad que estos han adquirido a través de los años y de la poca cultura ambiental que posee gran parte de la población nacional. De acuerdo a la ubicación, al tamaño, y a la población que habita los lugares donde se producen, algunos casos pueden generar tal cantidad de problemas graves, que se puede hablar de los microbasurales como generadores de un conflicto socioambiental. / In the commune of El Quisco in the Región de Valparaíso, as in most of the country's municipalities, are no stranger, the complications that involves the management of waste, this complications lies in the problem of the flowering of illegal dumping of waste in various sectors of the communal territory. Geography, social or sectoral networks can explain their location through the use of GIS. However, the situation of the illegal dumping of waste not only have explanations of their generation, but also often generate conflicts in the community, the public sector and sectorally, as it happens with tourism, mainly in the summer. These conflicts are usually a way of expressing the different forms and different platforms, but also a product of normality and everyday life that has been acquired over the years and the little environmental culture that has a large part of the national population. According to the location, the size, and the population that inhabits the places where they are produced, some cases can generate such amount of serious problems, that can talk about the fly-dumping as a socio-environmental conflict.

The shifting tendency of environmental conflict of some specific projects from post-conflict to pre-conflict is taking place in China. The main reason is that the public raises awareness of environmental consequences and makes more transparence information exchanged among stakeholders. Therefore the authorities have to face the new challenges and figure out new solutions to handle the changing circumstances. One of the recent conflicts regarding Panyu’s incineration project is selected as a typical example analyzed in this report. This case indicates three main argued focal points at environmental perspective of project implementation which are currently unsatisfied in China’s society: 1. Failure of EIA making & approving system; 2. Inadequate public participation on the decision-making process; 3. Imbalance in stakeholders’ pattern of the project implementation process. This thesis have explored China’s EIA reports’ making, examining and approving system through investigation on its administrative, legislative and operational framework. The work was carried out during my internship in Safety Center of Henan Science Academy of Environmental Protection. The investigation also includes several interviews with different stakeholders of Panyu’s case. Based on the theoretical and empirical research, the thesis pointed out the root of defects of the existing EIA system in China is: 1. Public’s opinions can’t be truly reflected on the EIA report in the EIA making process; 2. Other stakeholders’ interests seriously affected the justice of EIA examination and approval process. The recommended approaches for improving the system include: 1. Strength public participation process to allow as much affected neighbors to realize the project and reflect their perception to decision-makers as possible; 2. Improve current EIA examination and approval procedures in order to weak the linkage between government and business sector. 3. Enhance the cooperation between environmental authority and other administrative board.

Why do activists in some environmental incompatibilities experience a high intensity of violence, while protesters in other environmental conflicts do not? To answer the query, this thesis presents a novel theoretical argument where it is stated that the type of legal claim posed by activists impacts the intensity of violence that they receive. Due to a ‘relational citizenship’-mechanism, activist claims that are similar to secessionist demands are suggested to negatively provoke state elites’ security provision, with the consequence of a higher intensity of violence, ceteris paribus. From the theoretical argument, a hypothesis is derived, predicting that higher intensity of violence is expected for environmental mobilisations that pose identity-territory rights claims, than environmental mobilisations that pose universal rights claims. The hypothesis is tested on two local-level gold mining conflicts in the Colombian departments Tolima and Cauca between 2009-2014. The cases are selected with a most similar case design and are analysed with a structured focus comparison methodology. The analysis of the cases lends tentative support for the prediction that environmental movements that pose identity-territory rights claims experience a higher intensity of violence than environmental movements that instead apply universal rights claims.

O histórico de criação das áreas protegidas no Estado de São Paulo acompanhou o movimento mundial de preservação da biodiversidade stricto sensu, em lugares ocupados por povos e comunidades tradicionais, causando inúmeros conflitos decorrentes de diversas naturezas. Se por um lado a implantação dessas áreas tolheu o modo de vida desses habitantes, por outro lado imputou novos usos e funções aos recursos naturais tradicionalmente utilizados para a reprodução socioeconômica e cultural. Os territórios tradicionais estão inseridos em áreas de grande fragilidade natural e dotados de riqueza histórico-cultural extremamente cobiçada pelo turismo hegemônico. O Parque Estadual de Ilhabela, localizado no litoral norte de São Paulo, incorporou no perímetro da área protegida, e em sua Zona de Amortecimento, os territórios tradicionais. As vilas caiçaras do Canto da Lagoa e do Canto do Ribeirão formam as comunidades tradicionais caiçaras da Praia de Castelhanos (leste da Ilha), cenário de uma série de conflitos pela disputa de territórios entre a comunidade tradicional, a unidade de conservação, o mercado de terras, a gestão municipal e, nos últimos 15 anos, pelo turismo. A disputa está centrada nos investidores externos se apropriando de recursos e espaços de uso comum do caiçara e que passam a serem comercializados com vistas ao desenvolvimento de gestão exógena. Por meio da análise dos documentos, da observação participante e da pesquisa-ação, o presente estudo apresenta as questões relacionadas ao turismo praticado que beneficia a propriedade individual por meio do uso dos recursos naturais na Praia de Castelhanos, controverso aos objetivos da função social dos bens comuns, e que têm levado a descaracterização da paisagem cultural do local. Por fim, verifica a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de caráter endógeno, pautado na valorização do saber-fazer com o Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) / The history of creation of protected areas in the State of São Paulo followed the global movement of biodiversity preservation stricto sensu, in places occupied by traditional populations, creating numerous conflicts of various kinds. If, on the one hand, implementing these areas has impaired these inhabitants lifestyle, on the other, it has attributed new usages and functions to the natural resources traditionally used for socio-economic and cultural reproduction. Traditional territories are inserted on areas of great natural fragility that are gifted with historical and cultural wealth, which are extremely coveted by the hegemonic tourism. The Ilhabela State Park, located in the northern coast of São Paulo, has incorporated within the protected area, and its surrounding areas, traditional territories. The caiçara villages Canto da Lagoa and Canto do Ribeirão compose the traditional caiçara communities in the Castelhanos Beach (east of the island), which are the scenario of a series of conflicts due to the dispute for territories among the traditional community, the conservation unit, the land market, the municipal administration and, in the last 15 years, by the tourism. The dispute is focused on the external investors taking on resources and places that were considered common goods by the caiçara people and that started to be marketed aiming at a development of external management. Through the analysis of documents, participant observation and action research, this study presents the issues related to the tourism exercised, which benefits individual property through the use of natural resources on the Castelhanos Beach and is opposed to the objectives of the social function of common goods, and which has led to the disfiguration of the local environments cultural landscape. Lastly, the study verifies the possibility of endogenous development, guided by the insertion of caiçara people along with the valuation of the traditional know-how through the Community-based Tourism

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Monica Cox de Britto Pereira-parte1.pdf: 7626278 bytes, checksum: 56d5da973f4636c49eab7a5bd7ebdcae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The research dealt with conflicts that occurred in S?o Jo?o River Valley on public lands disappropriated by INCRA to Biological Reserve of Po?o das Antas. We tried to understand them bringing into focus land conflicts, occupations and camps in the surrounding of Reserve at 1990. The thesis aims to show how, after sanitation work at 1980, some areas were invaded by farmers as well as rural workers required agrarian reform in those public lands. Biological Reserve began to dispute adjoining areas in order to enlargement and moved judicial actions against rural settlements. Along those conflicts, an environmental conception that considers man action as an external factor and nature as untouchable earned force of law and conflicted with land work right claimed by means of collective occupation. The thesis intends to show either the limits of State dialogue with workers organizations or conflicts resolutions between State agencies and at public politics conduction to rural settlements and to Biological Reserve. We tried to show that neither environmental question nor agrarian question can be understood isolated, they may be inter-related. / A pesquisa enfoca os conflitos que surgiram no Vale do Rio S?o Jo?o fluminense, em terras p?blicas desapropriadas pelo INCRA para cria??o da Reserva Biol?gica Po?o das Antas. Procura-se entend?-los a partir dos conflitos por terra e das ocupa??es e acampamentos no entorno da Reserva nos anos 1990. A tese procura mostrar como, ap?s obras de saneamento na d?cada de 1980, algumas ?reas foram griladas por fazendeiros, ao mesmo tempo em que trabalhadores rurais demandaram a reforma agr?ria nessas terras que eram p?blicas. A Reserva Biol?gica passou tamb?m a disputar ?reas cont?guas a seus limites originais para sua amplia??o e moveu a??es judiciais contra assentamentos no seu entorno. Ao longo desses conflitos, revelou-se, com for?a de lei, uma concep??o ambiental que v? a a??o do homem como fator externo ao ambiente e a natureza como intocada, passando a se antagonizar com o direito ao trabalho na terra demandado por meio de ocupa??o coletiva. A tese procura mostrar os limites existentes quer no di?logo do Estado com as organiza??es porta-vozes dos trabalhadores, quer na resolu??o dos conflitos entre as inst?ncias estatais e na condu??o das pol?ticas p?blicas para os assentamentos rurais e para a Reserva Biol?gica. Procura-se mostrar que nem a quest?o ambiental nem a quest?o agr?ria podem ser entendidas isoladamente e que elas necessitam ser inter-relacionadas.

Este trabalho consiste em um estudo antropológico sobre os moradores dos Fundos da Solidão, uma localidade do município de Maquiné, RS. Essa área encontra-se dentro dos limites da Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica e sua identidade e condições de existência são tensionadas pela prática de uma atividade específica: a coleta de samambaia-preta - que sofre restrições sob ponto de vista da legislação ambiental. Caracteriza-se assim, um grupo social, envolto por um problema que tem conotação ambiental. Reconhecendo o caráter polissêmico do termo ambiental, parte-se do pressuposto de que esse grupo, encontra-se atravessado por ditames gestados por um campo circunscrito como ambiental. Tais ditames, tendo abrangência ampla, atingem esferas sociais diversas, e diante de situações locais específicas, como no caso deste grupo, apresentam-se na forma de conflito e dilemas que evidenciam modos de vida diferenciados e submetidos às condições assimétricas constitutivas da sociedade, transfigurando-se como um problema social. O recorte e a abordagem ocorrem, portanto, sob o horizonte de uma prática especifica, a extração de samambaia-preta, a partir da qual, buscou-se o desvendamento de seu universo social. Nesse percurso, não se buscou apenas, resgatar as práticas sócio-culturais desses extrativistas frente a um processo que tende à sua exclusão social, mas procurou-se uma aproximação a estes sujeitos “em processo” que percebem determinadas mudanças em seu meio ecológico e sócio-político, e que frente às intimações de seu tempo, constituem um devir, através da luta pela permanência de determinadas práticas locais, a adesão a outras práticas sociais e aliança com novos mediadores e interlocutores, tudo isto, num clima de constante conflito e re-acomodações. / This work is an anthropological study on the inhabitants of Fundos da Solidão, locality of the city of Maquiné (Brazil), whose territory are inside of the limits of the Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlantica and its identity and life conditions are pressured by the practical one of a specific activity: the Samambaia-preta harvest. This activity is prohibited under point of view of the current forest legislation. We have thus, a social group crossed for environmental questions. Such questions reach diverse social spheres, and in contact with specific local situations, as in the case of this group, results in the conflict form. The clipping and boarding of this group occur, therefore, under the horizon of practical one specify, the Samambaiapreta harvest, from which, your social universe are disclosed. In this situation, one does not only search, to rescue cultural pratices of the these harvesters in front to a process that tends to its social exclusion, but to search an approach to these citizens "in process" that they perceive changes in course in its ecological and social context. In this way, they constitute your future, either through the fight for the permanence of determined local practices and knowledges, the adhesion to social practical others and alliance with new mediators and interlocutors, everything this, in a conflict condition and re-adaptations.

O histórico de criação das áreas protegidas no Estado de São Paulo acompanhou o movimento mundial de preservação da biodiversidade stricto sensu, em lugares ocupados por povos e comunidades tradicionais, causando inúmeros conflitos decorrentes de diversas naturezas. Se por um lado a implantação dessas áreas tolheu o modo de vida desses habitantes, por outro lado imputou novos usos e funções aos recursos naturais tradicionalmente utilizados para a reprodução socioeconômica e cultural. Os territórios tradicionais estão inseridos em áreas de grande fragilidade natural e dotados de riqueza histórico-cultural extremamente cobiçada pelo turismo hegemônico. O Parque Estadual de Ilhabela, localizado no litoral norte de São Paulo, incorporou no perímetro da área protegida, e em sua Zona de Amortecimento, os territórios tradicionais. As vilas caiçaras do Canto da Lagoa e do Canto do Ribeirão formam as comunidades tradicionais caiçaras da Praia de Castelhanos (leste da Ilha), cenário de uma série de conflitos pela disputa de territórios entre a comunidade tradicional, a unidade de conservação, o mercado de terras, a gestão municipal e, nos últimos 15 anos, pelo turismo. A disputa está centrada nos investidores externos se apropriando de recursos e espaços de uso comum do caiçara e que passam a serem comercializados com vistas ao desenvolvimento de gestão exógena. Por meio da análise dos documentos, da observação participante e da pesquisa-ação, o presente estudo apresenta as questões relacionadas ao turismo praticado que beneficia a propriedade individual por meio do uso dos recursos naturais na Praia de Castelhanos, controverso aos objetivos da função social dos bens comuns, e que têm levado a descaracterização da paisagem cultural do local. Por fim, verifica a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de caráter endógeno, pautado na valorização do saber-fazer com o Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) / The history of creation of protected areas in the State of São Paulo followed the global movement of biodiversity preservation stricto sensu, in places occupied by traditional populations, creating numerous conflicts of various kinds. If, on the one hand, implementing these areas has impaired these inhabitants lifestyle, on the other, it has attributed new usages and functions to the natural resources traditionally used for socio-economic and cultural reproduction. Traditional territories are inserted on areas of great natural fragility that are gifted with historical and cultural wealth, which are extremely coveted by the hegemonic tourism. The Ilhabela State Park, located in the northern coast of São Paulo, has incorporated within the protected area, and its surrounding areas, traditional territories. The caiçara villages Canto da Lagoa and Canto do Ribeirão compose the traditional caiçara communities in the Castelhanos Beach (east of the island), which are the scenario of a series of conflicts due to the dispute for territories among the traditional community, the conservation unit, the land market, the municipal administration and, in the last 15 years, by the tourism. The dispute is focused on the external investors taking on resources and places that were considered common goods by the caiçara people and that started to be marketed aiming at a development of external management. Through the analysis of documents, participant observation and action research, this study presents the issues related to the tourism exercised, which benefits individual property through the use of natural resources on the Castelhanos Beach and is opposed to the objectives of the social function of common goods, and which has led to the disfiguration of the local environments cultural landscape. Lastly, the study verifies the possibility of endogenous development, guided by the insertion of caiçara people along with the valuation of the traditional know-how through the Community-based Tourism

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-01-24T17:36:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Amanda Amorim Maciel.pdf: 6591169 bytes, checksum: 6b2b10cc4d7eabb2d99b7da296fcfbc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-24T17:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amanda Amorim Maciel.pdf: 6591169 bytes, checksum: 6b2b10cc4d7eabb2d99b7da296fcfbc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-19 / This research aims to study a Conservation Unit Bororé-Colônia Environmental Protection Area and its housing conflicts, from the perspective of the sustainable development of that community in the face of environmental preservation. Located in the extreme south of São Paulo ¿ SP, the academic research intends to reach a possible solution to land issues and draw attention to the absent or ineffective public policies of the region. Housing rights and city administration refute ecotourism activities and traditional populations, threatening access to environmental resources. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar a Unidade de Conservação Área de Proteção Ambiental Bororé-Colônia e seus conflitos de habitação, sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável daquela comunidade em face da preservação ambiental. Localizada no extremo-sul de São Paulo ¿ SP, a investigação acadêmica pretende alcançar possível solução para as lides fundiárias e chamar atenção para as políticas públicas ausentes ou ineficazes da região. O direito de moradia e a administração da cidade refutam as atividades de ecoturismo e das populações tradicionais, ameaçando o acesso aos recursos ambientais.