The aim of this thesis is to characterize the visitor od National park Šumava, deals with the motive to visit and way to use this territory. It also deals with the fundamental perception of landscape National Park and evaluates shift in the perception of the landscape structures in relation to the literature of the 19th century. Finally, it deals with the environmental attitudes of visitors. For complex underpinning of these issues are first explained the basic concepts, their distribution and the most important milestones in the relationship of man to nature. Working with the assistance of historical development shows important changes in environmental thinking and attitudes through a documented thesis confirms or refutes the contrary.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJLFCF.pdf: 28670161 bytes, checksum: 14e0ec518b05433e59563e86d969acf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-31 / During the twenty century the hydroelectric industry was responsible for the most offers of energy in Brazil. However, recently hás been sharpen with one the biggest responsible for the environmental degradation enlargement. After diverses conspicuousness about environmental damages, the society began to reflect in more deeply way about there future and there mecanisms of technical development. The misfortunes systematic harvest in the environmental field brings the real possibility of social interference, by new institutions, as well others not so new, but reformulated, like some legal institutes of long tradition. If, in one hand, the legal institutional acknologment that suchlike activity degrades the environmental not guarantee that quelly measures can be catched, in the other hand, contributes expressively towards the development and the legitimation of new morals patthers of sociability. Is the moment that we qualify the pos modernity, when emerges the favourable conditions in order to social action, mainly in local level, where perceives and manages in concrete way the impremeditated consequences of the energy matrix development. The general objective of this study was apprehend what were the motivations for the municipality of Piraju (SP) elaborated and aproved one ensemble of restrictives measures to new hydroeletric activity. Specifically seeks to comprehend how the process of social construction of this reflective mark happens, and how the study of this construcionist process can corroborate with some comtemporary social theory. Secundarly tried to comprise the career of local environmental moviment and whereby variant of this interest, how some questions considers pos moderns collaborates for the local desconstruction by the developmentism of the hydoreletric sector. / Durante o século vinte a indústria hidroelétrica foi responsável pela maior parte da oferta de energia no Brasil. Contudo, mais recentemente tem sido apontada como uma dos grandes responsáveis pela ampliação da degradação ambiental. A partir de diversas evidências sobre danos ambientais, a sociedade passou a refletir de maneira mais aprofundada sobre o seu futuro e sobre os seus mecanismos de desenvolvimento técnico. A colheita sistemática de infortúnios no campo ambiental trouxe uma possibilidade real de interferência social, através de novas instituições, bem como de outras nem tão novas, mas reformuladas, como certos institutos jurídicos de longa tradição. Se, por um lado, o reconhecimento institucional legal que tais atividades degradam o meio ambiente não garante que medidas serão tomadas, por outro, contribuem em larga medida para o desenvolvimento e a legitimação de novos padrões morais de sociabilidade. É em momento que qualificamos de pós-modernidade, quando surgem as condições propícias para atuação social, principalmente no âmbito local, onde se percebem e se administram de modo concreto as conseqüências impremeditadas do desenvolvimento da matriz energética. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi o de apreender quais foram as motivações para que o município de Piraju (SP) elaborasse e aprovasse um conjunto de medidas restritivas às atividades hidroelétricas. Especificamente buscou-se compreender como se deu o processo de construção social desse marco reflexivo, e em que medida o estudo desse processo construcionista pode corroborar com algumas teorias sociais contemporâneas. Secundariamente procurou-se compreender a trajetória do movimento ambientalista local e, como variante desse interesse, como alguns questionamentos considerados pós-modernos colaboraram para a desconstrução local do desenvolvimentismo no campo da hidroeletricidade.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-08-14T11:15:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida Godinho - 2018.pdf: 1651273 bytes, checksum: 890f5600c2d2f93c59e9850a092488ac (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-14T11:32:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida Godinho - 2018.pdf: 1651273 bytes, checksum: 890f5600c2d2f93c59e9850a092488ac (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida Godinho - 2018.pdf: 1651273 bytes, checksum: 890f5600c2d2f93c59e9850a092488ac (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Capitalism and the environmental, for many, are seen as extreme opposites. One of the intentions in this work is to discuss how this conflict is developed and to show solutions for it, having the case of Brasil Mata Viva to represent the realized theoretical discussion. However, it is not central to this work to explore the conflict between capitalism and the environment, but to show a reality where both were put together harmonically. This work has two main theoretical focal points: free market environmentalism and environmental discourse analysis. Firstly, an exposé about free market environmentalism and its main concepts was made, paving the way the theory used to study Brasil Mata Viva. Secondly, the environmental discourse analysis is debated, and is shown its categories. Right after, an presentation of Brasil Mata Viva was realized, showing its history, actions and relations with society. Finally, the data obtained is discussed in the light of the methodologies given by the theories of free market capitalism and environmental discourse analysis where markets, relations with institutional public figures, community and the environment are central. The results show a contradictory combination, although successful, rooted by the studied context which challenges the theorized conceptions. / Capitalismo e meio ambiente, para muitos, são vistos como extremos opostos. Umas das intenções deste trabalho é discutir como esse conflito se desenvolve e apresentar possíveis soluções, tendo um caso empírico como o Brasil Mata Viva para representar a discussão teórica realizada. No entanto, não é central ao trabalho explorar o conflito entre capitalismo e meio ambiente, mas sim apresentar uma realidade que possibilitou a junção harmônica de ambos. Há duas teorias centrais; o ambientalismo de livre mercado e análise do discurso ambiental. Primeiramente, é realizada uma exposição do ambientalismo de livre mercado e seus conceitos, preparando a dimensão teórica utilizada para estudar o Brasil Mata Viva. Segundamente, a análise do discurso ambiental é discutida, onde as categorias de análise são apresentadas. Logo após é realizado a apresentação do Brasil Mata Viva, sua história, atuação e relações com a sociedade. Finalmente, os dados são debatidos conforme os métodos propostos pelo ambientalismo de livre mercado e a análise do discurso ambiental, com as relações da organização com o mercado, figuras institucionais públicas, comunidade e meio ambiente são centrais. Os resultados mostram uma combinação contraditória, apesar de bem-sucedida, inerentes ao contexto estudando que desafiam as concepções teorizadas.

Abstract This study analyses environmental concern in the Komi Republic from the contextual perspective. The main research data consisted of thematic interviews of industrial workers (n =  114), teachers (n =  30), administration staff (n =  33) in the towns of Usinsk and Vorkuta in the Northern Komi Republic. In addition, the in-depth thematic interviews of state administrators, scientists and NGO actors are analysed as well as the survey study conducted in several regions in the republic. As a broad theoretical frame the study uses the context model, in which environmental concern in everyday life is interpreted at five closely connected levels. The study consists of four previously published articles, one submitted manuscript and a concluding chapter. As the major theoretical and methodological idea the study presents two different environments: a life-world of the individual, where environmental changes are perceived and experienced in a framework of everyday life, and secondly, global environmentalism’s Environment, which is nowadays in Western discourses viewed as a globe. This study focuses on the life-world perspective, and asks how these two environments communicate with each other in the particular contexts of the Komi Republic. In general, environmental issues hold a low profile compared with other social problems in the Komi Republic. However, the citizens of the Komi Republic are concerned about so-called ’brown‘ environmental issues; that is issues of pollution and waste disposal in their immediate environs. The public’s environmental concerns are mostly about ’ecological risks‘ – the health and well-being implications of environmental degradation. Environmental problems are regarded as part societal transformation. This ’brown‘ environmentalism is understandable in Russia since approximately 60 million Russians now live in zones with adverse environmental situations. Green or global issues are not much discussed among the public of Russia. The findings stress that engagement with the surrounding environment, local conditions and socio-political contexts shape perceptions and framings of environmental change. Local perceptions and local knowledge are still a crucial basis for concern. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan ympäristötietoisuutta ja -huolta Komin tasavallassa kontekstuaalisesta näkökulmasta. Tärkein osa tutkimusaineistosta koostuu teollisuustyöntekijöiden (n =  114), opettajien (n =  30) ja yritys- ja julkisen hallinnon edustajien (n =  33) teemahaastatteluista Usinskin ja Vorkutan kaupungeissa tasavallan pohjoisosassa. Lisäksi työssä on analysoitu valtion virkamiesten, tutkijoiden sekä kansalaisjärjestöjen toimijoiden teemahaastatteluja sekä tasavallan eri alueilla tehdyn kyselytutkimuksen tuloksia. Tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään kontekstimallia, jossa ympäristötietoisuutta tarkastellaan viiden toisiinsa limittyvän tason kautta. Tutkimus koostuu neljästä julkaistusta artikkelista, yhdestä käsikirjoituksesta ja yhteenvetoluvusta. Tutkimuksen tärkein teoreettinen ja metodologinen idea jakaa ympäristön kahtia: ensimmäinen on yksilön elämismaailma, missä ympäristömuutokset havaitaan ja koetaan arkielämän kehystäminä, ja toinen, globaalin environmentalismin ympäristö, minkä nykyisin ajatellaan käsittävän koko maapallon. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy elämismaailmanäkökulmaan ja kysyy, kuinka nämä kaksi ympäristöä kommunikoivat toistensa kanssa eri konteksteissa. Yleisellä tasolla tarkasteltuna ympäristöongelmat ovat taustalla kansalaisten elämässä verrattuna muihin sosiaalisiin ongelmiin. Komin tasavallan asukkaat ovat kuitenkin huolissaan niin kutsutuista ’ruskeista’ ympäristökysymyksistä eli lähinnä saastumiseen ja erilaisiin jätteisiin liittyvistä ongelmista. Kansalaisten ympäristöhuoli kytkeytyy ennen kaikkea ekologisiin riskeihin – ympäristön pilaantumisen terveydellisiin ja hyvinvointiin liittyviin seuraamuksiin. Näin ympäristöongelmat limittyvät muiden sosiaalisten ongelmien kanssa ja koetaan osaksi yhteiskunnallista muutosta. Tämä ’ruskea’ ympäristöhuoli on ymmärrettävä ilmiö Venäjällä, missä noin 60 miljoonaa kansalaista asuu terveydelle haitallisissa ympäristöoloissa. ’Vihreitä’ tai globaaleja ympäristökysymyksiä ei juurikaan käsitellä Venäjän julkisessa keskustelussa. Tutkimuksen tulokset painottavat lähiympäristöön sitoutumisen ja elämismaailman merkitystä ympäristömuutosten havainnoinnissa sekä yhteiskunnallisten kontekstien vaikutusta ympäristökysymysten kehystämiseen. Paikallisella havainnoinnilla ja tiedolla on edelleen suuri rooli ympäristötietoisuuden muotoutumisessa.

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Text in English / Climate change has become part of daily conversations for scholars and activists. Everyone feels entitled to an opinion on either the causes or the prescriptions of mitigation measures. Very few question the ontological existence of climate change or wonder whether their perceptions are pre-empted by over-arching metanarratives or discourses articulated elsewhere. The impact of media and other sources of information on people’s perceptions of climate change are often taken for granted. By using discourse theory, this study aims to uncover taken-for-granted metanarratives within environmentally oriented university Honours student’s perceptions of climate change. These students are majoring in the key areas of Environmental Management studies. It aims at assessing whether their perceptions are, consciously or inadvertently, mis (aligned) to any climate change discourses. In discourse theory, Laclau and Mouffe (1985) argued that within a particular knowledge domain, there are several meaning-conferring articulations (discourses) in a struggle of fixing meaning for particular social events and activities. As such, each discourse aims at negating alternative meanings from alternative discourses and naturalising its own interpretations. Within a particular discourse, actors (individuals or groups) are interpellated i.e. defined within specific confines of action and articulations. This study uses this discourse theory to test these hypotheses. As such, the study came up with three conclusions. First, there is a metanarrative of climate change realism, in which the ontological reality of climate change is taken as a given, with no attempt at individual reflection on its ontology. Secondly, the respondents held a mediated concept of climate change, in which their views largely mirror the conceptualisations of the media and other information sources. Lastly, there is an overarching climate-change aversion metanarrative, in which climate change is regarded as negative, without any distinction between its causes and effects. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Ce travail de recherche s'interroge sur les nouvelles formes de mobilisation sociale qui répondent à l'émergence des réseaux numériques et à la crise environnementale. Nous privilégions deux axes de compréhension épistémologique. Le premier basé sur la question de la technique au-delà de l'instrumentalité et le deuxième sur la notion d'écosophie. Notre réseau d'observation empirique est constitué par les collectifs mobilisés autour de la thématique écologique qui concerne les plus de trois cents rivières canalisées et enterrées dans la ville de São Paulo au Brésil, dorénavant visibles par le biais des dispositifs et des architectures numériques tels que les cartographies, audioguides, plateformes collaboratives, sites web et réseaux sociaux. À partir de l'immersion dans ces réseaux, nous essayons d'élargir notre regard sociologique compréhensif considérant le social non comme le terrain de jeu exclusif des humains, mais comme constitué par différents êtres et modes d'existence, notamment les objets techniques et les éléments et phénomènes naturels. Dans ce sens, nous proposons dans cette recherche la notion de mouvements-réseau afin de donner une forme à ces nouvelles mobilisations et associations caractérisées par l'hybridisme entre le territoire et les espaces urbains, environnementaux et techniques, ainsi que par le désir d'habiter autrement la Terre. / This research reflects on the new forms of social mobilization that emerge in response to the advent of digital networks and the environmental crisis. We value two epistemological axes. The first based on the question of technology beyond the instrumentality and the second on the notion of ecosophy. Our empirical observation network is formed by the groups mobilized around the environmental theme relating to the more than three hundred canalized and buried rivers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, henceforth visible through digital devices and architectures such as maps, audio guides, collaborative platforms, web sites and social networks. From the immersion in these networks, we try to expand our sociological view considering the social not as the field of exclusive human acting, but as consisting of different beings and modes of existence, including technical objects, natural elements and natural phenomena. In this sense, we propose in this research the concept of movements-network to give form to these new mobilizations and associations characterized by hybridity between the territory and urban, environmental and technical spaces, as well as the desire to dwell the Earth otherwise. / Esta pesquisa se questiona sobre as novas formas de mobilização social que respondem ao surgimento das redes digitais e à crise ambiental. Privilegiamos duas linhas de compreensão epistemológica. A primeira baseada na questão da técnica para além da instrumentalidade e a segunda na noção de ecosofia. Nossa rede de observação empírica é formada pelos coletivos mobilizados em torno da temática ambiental que concerne aos mais de trezentos rios canalizados e enterrados na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, doravante visíveis por meio de dispositivos e arquiteturas digitais, tais como mapas interativos, audioguias, plataformas colaborativas, sites e redes sociais. A partir da imersão nestas redes, tentamos expandir nossa visão sociológica compreensiva considerando o social não como o terreno de atuação exclusivo dos humanos, mas como composto por diferentes seres e modos de existência, incluindo os objetos técnicos e os elementos e fenômenos naturais. Neste sentido, propomos nesta pesquisa a noção de movimentos-rede a fim de dar uma forma a estas novas mobilizações e associações caracterizadas pelo hibridismo entre o território e os espaços urbano, ambiental e técnico, bem como pelo desejo de habitar a Terra diferentemente.

Neste trabalho, foi analisada a influência do conhecimento tradicional da pesca na formulação de políticas públicas do setor no Brasil partindo-se do caso da pesca artesanal no trecho mineiro do rio São Francisco. Para tanto, fez-se uma análise sociológica da organização social da pesca por meio de seus processos, suas formas de interações e suas sínteses, em uma perspectiva micro e macrossociológica, visando identificar como o processo de institucionalização da pesca considera o fazer artesanal - cultura, técnicas e práticas sociais - no escopo das políticas formuladas pelo setor. Em termos institucionais foram discriminados os conflitos e incongruências do projeto de modernização da pesca oriundos do Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Sustentação da Aqüicultura e Pesca da SEAP/PR. Em termos sociais, no que concerne ao modo de vida da pesca artesanal, foram discriminadas as principais características sócio-ambientais que circundam e interagem com o pescador, observando a relação entre a lógica de mercantilização recente do uso das águas doces no Brasil e a evolução das condições de vida e trabalho da categoria entre 1999 e 2004, apontando para uma provável extinção da mesma. O estudo conclui a existência de grande distância entre o discurso e a prática das políticas anunciadas pela SEAP/PR em 2003 e como o projeto de modernização citado reverbera no modo de vida da pesca artesanal do alto-médio São Francisco. / In this work, the influence of the traditional knowledge of fishing on the formulation of public policies on this section in Brazil was analyzed by proceeding with the case of handmade fishing at the section of Minas Gerais of São Francisco river. For that, a sociological analysis of the social organization of the fishing was made by its processes, its forms of interactions, and its syntheses in a micro and macro-sociological perspective, by seeking to identify how the process of institutionalization of the fishing considers the handmade performance - culture, techniques and social practices - in the purpose of the formulated policies on such section. On institutional terms, the conflicts and the incongruities of the project of modernization of fishing derived from the national plan of development of sustenance of the acquiculture and the fishing of the SEAP/PR were discriminated. On social terms, concerning the way of life of handmade fishing, the main socio-environmental characteristics that surround and interact with the fisherman were distinguished by observing the relationship between the logic of the recent mercantilization of the use of fresh water in Brazil and the evolution of the life and work conditions of such category between 1999 and 2004, that points to a probable extinction of it. The study concluded the existence of great distance between the speech and the practice of the announced policies by the SEAP/PR in 2003, and how the cited project of modernization reverberates through the way of life of fishing of high-medium São Francisco.