O presente trabalho propõe um formato de legislação que abordará pontos fundamentais relacionados aos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos, no que tange ao meio ambiente, na cidade de Taubaté. Na atualidade tal proposta apresenta-se como necessária e efetiva na busca da redução de danos ambientais. O resultado de pesquisa aponta a criação de regra legislativa municipal que buscará reduzir os danos causados pelo não tratamento dos resíduos sólidos. Analisa a legislação vigente aplicável, bem como, suas teorias mais importantes ao caso concreto para análise e sugestões de possíveis melhorias para a situação atual (2007) dos resíduos sólidos. / The present work proposes a legislation format that will approach fundamental topics related to Solid Urban Residue in the environment, in the city of Taubaté. Nowadays, this proposition is necessary and effective to reduce environmental damage. The result of this research points the making of a "municipal" legislative rule that will try to reduce the damage caused by the non-treatment of solid residue. It analysis the actual applicable law as well as its most important theories to the case for analysis and suggestions of possible improvement for the actual situation (2007) of solid residue.

! This thesis discusses the issue of liability for environmental damages, which includes (i) public-law liability (in Czech legal framework described as "environmental injury") and (ii) private-law liability. The Act on Environmental Damage transposed the Directive on Environmental Liability (the "Directive"), the aim of which is prevention and remedy of environmental damage. The Act on Environmental Damage is legally binding from August 17, 2008, as lex specialis to the Act on Environment and other Acts on respective environmental components. Although the Act on Environmental Damage is based on the public-law approach, the private-law liability remains unaffected. According to the Act on Environmental Damage, the strict liability is imposed on operators of certain high-risk occupational activities and these operators are obliged to implement preventive and remedial measures and bear associated costs. Furthermore, the operators must provide relevant information on the request of competent public authorities.

I dagens samhälle är vi beroende av elkraft, vatten- och avloppsförsörjning, bredband och andra ledningar som är till stor nytta för människor och infrastruktur. För att säkra rätten att dra fram ledningar för olika ändamål bildas det ofta ledningsrätter. Samhällen förändras över tiden och själva tekniken moderniseras. Befintliga ledningar räcker inte till vilket gör att behov av fler ledningar och ledningsrätter uppstår. Ledningar och anläggningar som tjänat ut sitt ändamål ändras eller upphävs. Frågan uppstår då vad som händer med ledningar och dess anordningar efter det att de tjänat ut sitt ändamål. Hur hanteras eventuell miljöskada?   När det skrivs om bildande, ändring och/eller upphävande av ledningsrätter går tankarna oftast till själva processen samt kring nytta av ändamål och syfte som ledningsrätten uppfyller. Själva miljöaspekten är något som det inte pratas lika mycket om. När ledningar befinner sig på sjöbotten eller blir kvarlämnade efter att de tjänat ut sitt ändamål pågår nedbrytning av materialet som sprids ut i vattnet.   De metoder som har använts i arbetet är: (1) en juridisk studie där rättslägget undersöks och beskrivs; (2) en intervjustudie för att analysera hur Lantmäteriet och Länsstyrelsen ser på problematiken kring ledningar som lämnas kvar i vatten efter att ledningsrätt har upphävts samt en intervjustudie för att analysera i vilket mån är fastighetsägarna och ledningsrättshavarna informerade om själva problematiken kring ledningar som finns kvar i vattnet efter att ledningsrätt har upphävts och vem de anser har ansvar att ta bort ledningar för att återställa miljö i vattenområde; (3) en granskning av förrättningsakter för att analysera om tillräcklig information ges ut till fastighetsägarna och ledningsrättshavarna om vad som kommer att hända med ledningar efter att dessa tjänat ut sitt syfte och att analysera om någon miljöbedömning gjorts avseende miljöpåverkan av ledningar i vattenområde.   Resultatet och slutsatsen av examensarbetet ger svar på frågan om den gällande lagstiftningen tar hänsyn till miljö under iordningsställande av ledningsrätten, vilka brister som råder kring hantering av miljöfrågor och hur dessa brister skulle kunna åtgärdas. / In today's society we are dependent on electricity, water and sewage treatment, broadband and other lines, which are of great benefit to people and infrastructure. In order to secure the right to draw up cables for different purposes are formed often rights. Communities change over time, and the technology itself modernized. Existing utility easements are not sufficient, which means that the need for more cables and rights occurs. Existing pipelines and facilities that served their purpose, amended or repealed. The question arises what happens with the lines and the devices after they served their purpose. How is environmental damage managed?   When written about the establishment, amendment and / or termination of utility easements there is usually suggest of the process itself as well as about the advantage of object and purpose of the utility easement which it meet. The environmental aspect is something that is not talked about as much. When the cables are on the bottom of the lake, or gets left behind after they served their purpose, it starts ongoing degradation of the material out in the water. What happened is – impact on environmental and thereby also people's life quality.   The methods used in the work are: (1) a legal study of legal position examined and described; (2) an interview to analyze how the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority and the County Board looks at the problem of wiring left in the water after a utility easement has been repealed and an interview study to analyze to what extent are the property owners and proprietor of the utility easement informed about the problem of cables left in the water after the utility easement right has been revoked and who they think has the responsibility to remove the cables to restore the environment in the water area; (3) a review of the ordinance acts to analyze whether sufficient information is given out to the property owners and proprietor of the utility easement about what will happen to the cables after they served their purpose and to analyze whether an environmental assessment has been made regarding the environmental impact of the cables in the water area.   The results and the conclusion of the thesis answers the question whether current legislation including the environment during the preparation of utility easement, identifying gaps about the management of environmental issues and how these gaps could be fixed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TIAGO VIEIRA DE SOUSA DUARTE.pdf: 608638 bytes, checksum: 2a6b2c7e8ab642bb2e03668207d6668a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-15 / This study aims to analyze the microsystem's legal liability for damage from the environmental future. Brings, as a solution to the current human acts, the theory of knowledge-emancipation, this show mankind responsible for a rethinking of man's actions against the environment, treating it as a legal rather than duties. It is seen that the environment has a moderate anthropocentric view; the Constitution defined the environment as a fundamental right for it is considered as a property of the people, thus in the interests of all. Since mankind is the greatest predator of nature and of itself, a new type of society is born, called the Risk Society. It presents itself as a complex society and uncertain directions. The seriousness posed by the predatory attitude aroused the need for an ecological awareness aimed at preserving the environment. Thus, the Environmental Law presents itself as an instrument to brake the degradations done to the environment. It analyzes the historical evolution of the issue of civil liability, especially that of strict civil liability. Liability as a legal institution, has an action research, evaluation and risk management, based on the understanding of environmental damage with future consequences and measures of obligations to do and not do damage to the environment itself. With a correct configuration of the future environmental damage, the law starts to take precautionary and preventive measures aimed at stopping unacceptable risks. The preventive feature of the environmental law is reinforced by the integration of a legal communication of risks, synthesizing the irreversibility of the future environmental damage. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise do microssistema jurídico da responsabilidade civil do dano futuro no plano ambiental. Traz, como solução aos atuais atos humanos, a teoria do conhecimento-emancipação, esta responsável por mostrar à humanidade um repensar nas ações do homem frente ao meio ambiente, tratando-o como sujeito de direito e não de deveres. Vê-se que o meio ambiente possui uma visão antropocêntrica moderada; visto isso, a Constituição definiu o meio ambiente como direito fundamental por ser um bem de uso comum do povo, portanto de interesse de todos. Sendo o homem o maior predador da natureza e de si mesmo, nasce um novo tipo de sociedade, denominada Sociedade de Risco. Esta se apresenta como uma sociedade complexa e de rumo incerto. A gravidade trazida por essa atitude predatória despertou a necessidade de uma consciência ecológica voltada à preservação do meio ambiente. Destarte, o Direito Ambiental vem como instrumento de frenagem das grandes degradações feitas ao meio ambiente. Analisa-se a evolução histórica do tema da responsabilidade civil no âmbito interno, sobretudo da responsabilidade civil objetiva. A responsabilidade civil, como um instituto jurídico, possui uma ação de investigação, avaliação e gestão dos riscos, a partir do entendimento de dano ambiental com consequências futuras e de medidas de obrigações de fazer e não fazer para o dano ambiental propriamente dito. Com a configuração do dano ambiental futuro, o Direito passa a tomar medidas de prevenção e precaução visando a interrupção de riscos inadmissíveis. Essa face preventiva do Direito Ambiental é reforçada pela integração de uma comunicação jurídica do risco, sintetizando a irreversibilidade do dano ambiental futuro.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-16T14:35:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Édis Milaré.pdf: 2177721 bytes, checksum: eddd48b251fce9a01f3f8f78ef1adcaa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T14:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Édis Milaré.pdf: 2177721 bytes, checksum: eddd48b251fce9a01f3f8f78ef1adcaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-18 / Following universal trend, the Constitution of Brazil erected the environment category of one of those to the ideal values of social order, devoting a separate chapter that definitely institutionalized the right to a healthy environment as one of the fundamental rights of the human person. Indeed, in Chapter VI of Title VIII, headed the Social Order, the Constitution defines the ecologically balanced environment as a right for all, giving you the nature and of common use and essential to a healthy quality of life, and imposing the responsibility of citizens and the Government for its defense and preservation (section 225). Among the mechanisms to avert the environmental damage, proclaimed in section 225, 3rd paragraph , that “the conduct and activities considered harmful to the environment shall subject the offenders, individuals or legal entities, criminal and administrative sanctions, without the obligation to repair the damage”. Accordingly, it is clear that environmental infraction has triple legal repercussions, certain that the degradation, by the same act can be held responsible, alternatively or cumulatively, in criminal , administrative and civil spheres. In the civil sphere, repudiation of the legal system to environmental infraction was already a reality even before the entry into force of the 1988, for the reparation obligation of damage, according to the rule of strict liability, was disciplined, since 1981, by the National Environmental Policy (section 14, 1st paragraph ). The space for proper treatment of criminal and administrative responsibilities just filled with the incorporation into Law 9,605/1998, which provides for criminal and administrative sanctions derived from conduct and activities harmful to the environment. Given this scenario, we sought, in relation to environmental management responsibility, maintaining that its legal status is informed by the theory of presumed guilt, according to which, configured an argument behavior subsumed under a ban on environmental standard, there to presumption, rebuttable, the responsibility of the alleged infringer, which can, by reversing the burden of proof to demonstrate their not guilty. Not discharging this burden, the presumption becomes a certainty, allowing for application of abstractly considered sanctions . With regard to environmental liability, aware of the engendered system by our legislature, which considers obligation to indemnify as emerging from the mere occurrence of an adverse result to the man and his environment, without any subjective assessment of the polluter of conduct for the production of the damage (Section 14, 1st paragraph of Law 6.938/1981) - so according to the rules of objectivity - there was clear option of working for electing the theory of integral risk as the informant that responsibility mode. Finally, with respect to environmental criminal liability, it was emphasized that, with the strengthening of the principle of subsidiarity of criminal action, this branch of law must (can) focus on the case only when the other accountability bodies - administrative and civil , which are less restrictive - have already proved insufficient to restrain the conduct infraction, or potentially harmful to the protected legal right. Faced with this order of considerations, this work intends - at vacillations of doctrine and jurisprudence as to the exact characterization and scope of each of these spheres of activity of environmental law - to present some contributions able to outline a higher responsibility microsystem of challenges to increasing attacks on fundamental values of society, not reaching the point of unbearable / Seguindo tendência universal, a Carta Magna do Brasil erigiu o meio ambiente à categoria de um daqueles valores ideais da ordem social, dedicando-lhe um capítulo próprio que, definitivamente, institucionalizou o direito ao ambiente sadio como um dos direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana. Com efeito, no Capítulo VI do Título VIII, dirigido à Ordem Social, a Constituição define o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado como direito de todos, dando-lhe a natureza de bem de uso comum do povo e essencial à sadia qualidade de vida, e impondo a corresponsabilidade dos cidadãos e do Poder Público por sua defesa e preservação (art. 225, caput). Dentre os mecanismos capazes de conjurar o dano ambiental, proclamou, no art. 225, § 3º, que “as condutas e atividades consideradas lesivas ao meio ambiente sujeitarão os infratores, pessoas físicas ou jurídicas, a sanções penais e administrativas, independentemente da obrigação de repara os danos causados”. Nestes termos, resulta claro que a danosidade ambiental tem repercussão jurídica tripla, certo que o degradador, por um mesmo ato, pode ser responsabilizado, alternativa ou cumulativamente, nas esferas penal, administrativa e civil. Na esfera civil, o repúdio do ordenamento jurídico à danosidade ambiental já era uma realidade mesmo antes da entrada em vigor da Carta de 1988, porquanto a obrigação reparatória de danos, segundo a regra da responsabilidade objetiva, estava disciplinada, desde 1981, na Lei da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente (art. 14, § 1º). O espaço para o adequado tratamento das responsabilidades penal e administrativa acabou preenchido com a incorporação ao ordenamento jurídico da Lei 9.605/1998, que dispõe sobre sanções penais e administrativas derivadas de condutas e atividades lesivas ao meio ambiente. Diante desse cenário, buscou-se, no que toca à responsabilidade administrativa ambiental, sustentar que a sua natureza jurídica é informada pela teoria da culpa presumida, segundo a qual, configurado um comportamento em tese subsumível a uma proibição da norma ambiental, há de se presumir, juris tantum, a responsabilidade do suposto infrator, que pode, pela inversão do ônus da prova, demonstrar sua não culpa. Não se desincumbindo desse ônus, a presunção se transforma em certeza, ensejando aplicação da sanção abstratamente considerada. Quanto à responsabilidade civil ambiental, atento ao sistema engendrado pelo nosso legislador, que considera a obrigação ressarcitória como emergente da simples ocorrência de um resultado prejudicial ao homem e ao seu ambiente, sem qualquer apreciação subjetiva da conduta do poluidor para a produção do dano (art. 14, § 1º da Lei 6.938/1981) — portanto, segundo as regras da objetividade —, houve clara opção do trabalho por eleger a teoria do risco integral como a informadora dessa modalidade de responsabilidade. Por fim, no que tange à responsabilidade penal ambiental, enfatizouse que, com o fortalecimento do princípio da subsidiariedade da ação penal, este ramo do Direito deve (pode) incidir sobre o caso concreto somente quando as demais instâncias de responsabilização — administrativa e civil, que são menos gravosas — já se tenham mostrado insuficientes para coibir a conduta infracional, potencial ou efetivamente lesiva ao bem jurídico tutelado. Frente a essa ordem de ponderações, pretende o presente trabalho — ante vacilos da doutrina e jurisprudência quanto a exata caracterização e alcance de cada uma dessas esferas de atuação do direito ambiental — apresentar algumas contribuições capazes de delinear um microssistema de responsabilidade à altura dos desafios às crescentes agressões aos valores fundamentais da sociedade, para que não atinjam o ponto do intolerável

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Carboni Martinhoni.pdf: 946329 bytes, checksum: cc1db188c4e80d3bda8b14b85e6e8ccf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21 / This paper aims to highlight the problem of soil contamination, since it is of concern that has gained momentum in the global environmental scene in recent times. On this track, several countries have invested in developing new techniques for decontamination, and in their legislation to enhance the legal instruments to combat soil contamination. The study of civil liability for environmental damage is justified to the extent that it has the primary purpose of preventing the damage itself, which is often irreparable. Thus, before the occurrence of an injury, arises the possibility of invoking the consequent repair, given that even be possible, for legal provision, the application of criminal responsibility, civil and administrative, though this does have is a bis in idem. In addition to repairing the environmental damage occurred in the soil should prioritize the repair of the damage, and to this end, necessary go first check the possibility of restoration in nature and only if is not possble it might be applied in order, forms of compensation and damages. In fact considering that accountability is the way to combat the damage itself, there is also a guarantee of their quality of life, or because of life of present and future generations / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo destacar o problema da contaminação do solo, uma vez que se trata de preocupação que ganhou relevo no cenário mundial ambiental nos últimos tempos. Nesta esteira, vários países têm investido no desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de descontaminação, bem como em suas legislações no sentido de incrementar os instrumentos legais de combate à contaminação do solo. O estudo da responsabilidade civil por dano ambiental se justifica na medida em que possui a finalidade primordial de evitar o próprio dano, que muitas vezes é irreparável. Assim, diante da ocorrência de um dano nasce a possibilidade de invocação da conseqüente reparação, sendo certo ainda que será possível, por previsão legal, a aplicação da responsabilização penal, civil e administrativa, sem que com isso tenha-se um bis in idem. Além do mais a reparação do dano ambiental ocorrido no solo deve priorizar a reparação integral do dano, sendo que para tanto, necessário que se verifique primeiramente a possibilidade da restauração in natura e somente se esta não for possível é que poderá ser aplicada pela ordem, as formas de compensação e a indenização. Na verdade considerando que a responsabilização é maneira de combate ao próprio dano, temos que também é forma de garantia da própria qualidade de vida, ou porque não, da própria vida das presentes e futuras gerações

Petroleum products, which are required to keep the 'wheels' of industry and commerce turning, are distributed from the various refineries to their destinations throughout the country on a daily basis and the mode and extent of transportation or conveyance of these products is varied. This distribution activity predominantly takes place by means of road tanker, pipeline as well as rail tanker and quantities during transit could vary from a few hundred litres to many thousands of litres per trip. Road tanker transportation is considered to be the most vulnerable form of distribution means and this poses a high risk in terms of the potential for being involved in an accident. The risk potential associated with the road transportation of these fuels, from an environmental point of view, is aggravated due to: *The conveyance of bulk loads, *non-roadworthiness of many vehicles, *inconsistency in vehicle condition checking systems and in the application of *safety systems, *poor road conditions, *driver fatigue, *hi-jacking threats, *the level of incompetence or unsuitability of drivers, *the inconsistency in driver training programs, *the vulnerability of the tankers being subject to collision and accidents. The potential exists for road tankers involved in accidents to leak or spill large quantities of petroleum products which in turn could result in catastrophic environmental consequences (such as leaking large quantities of fuel into sewers, plantations, rivers and streams thus causing much ground and water pollution). Also, during an accident the fuel leaking from a road tanker may ignite causing it to burn for several hours before it is finally brought under control and extinguished. This may result in much air pollution as well as damage to the surrounding ecological systems. Subsequent explosions could further result in severe loss of life and associated fires which in turn could cause more environmental degradation and damage. For the purpose of this dissertation, focus was specifically placed on the introduction of internal company control measures that a "supplier” company (such as Natref (Pty) Ltd) could implement to check whether petroleum product distributors are complying with predetermined criteria aimed at reducing the potential for accidents involving road tankers. The measuring of how these controls have an effect in the bigger scheme of things in terms of reducing accidents and environmental degradation was very difficult to determine because it was not possible to extract from the distributors how many of their vehicles were actually involved in incidents during the study period. As a result it was not possible to determine whether the improved control measures had an effect on the number of accidents incurred by the vehicles that were effected by the improved application of the standards. The study thus focused primarily on the effect that the implementation of an inspection system could have in progressively reducing the number of defects found on road tankers wanting to gain access to Natrefs site as well as measuring whether an improvement in compliance to standards actually took place. This study was conducted over a period of 22 months and involved the development and implementation of a new procedure and training course, implementation of an inspection checklist, improved reporting methods as well as improved the overall environmental awareness of the employees involved in the checking and inspection process. It is however assumed that the implementation and ongoing enforcement of the company standards has assisted in contributing towards minimising the potential for pollution exposures arising from accidents and in so doing minimising environmental degradation to a larger or lesser extent. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Petroleum products, which are required to keep the 'wheels' of industry and commerce turning, are distributed from the various refineries to their destinations throughout the country on a daily basis and the mode and extent of transportation or conveyance of these products is varied. This distribution activity predominantly takes place by means of road tanker, pipeline as well as rail tanker and quantities during transit could vary from a few hundred litres to many thousands of litres per trip. Road tanker transportation is considered to be the most vulnerable form of distribution means and this poses a high risk in terms of the potential for being involved in an accident. The risk potential associated with the road transportation of these fuels, from an environmental point of view, is aggravated due to: *The conveyance of bulk loads, *non-roadworthiness of many vehicles, *inconsistency in vehicle condition checking systems and in the application of *safety systems, *poor road conditions, *driver fatigue, *hi-jacking threats, *the level of incompetence or unsuitability of drivers, *the inconsistency in driver training programs, *the vulnerability of the tankers being subject to collision and accidents. The potential exists for road tankers involved in accidents to leak or spill large quantities of petroleum products which in turn could result in catastrophic environmental consequences (such as leaking large quantities of fuel into sewers, plantations, rivers and streams thus causing much ground and water pollution). Also, during an accident the fuel leaking from a road tanker may ignite causing it to burn for several hours before it is finally brought under control and extinguished. This may result in much air pollution as well as damage to the surrounding ecological systems. Subsequent explosions could further result in severe loss of life and associated fires which in turn could cause more environmental degradation and damage. For the purpose of this dissertation, focus was specifically placed on the introduction of internal company control measures that a "supplier” company (such as Natref (Pty) Ltd) could implement to check whether petroleum product distributors are complying with predetermined criteria aimed at reducing the potential for accidents involving road tankers. The measuring of how these controls have an effect in the bigger scheme of things in terms of reducing accidents and environmental degradation was very difficult to determine because it was not possible to extract from the distributors how many of their vehicles were actually involved in incidents during the study period. As a result it was not possible to determine whether the improved control measures had an effect on the number of accidents incurred by the vehicles that were effected by the improved application of the standards. The study thus focused primarily on the effect that the implementation of an inspection system could have in progressively reducing the number of defects found on road tankers wanting to gain access to Natrefs site as well as measuring whether an improvement in compliance to standards actually took place. This study was conducted over a period of 22 months and involved the development and implementation of a new procedure and training course, implementation of an inspection checklist, improved reporting methods as well as improved the overall environmental awareness of the employees involved in the checking and inspection process. It is however assumed that the implementation and ongoing enforcement of the company standards has assisted in contributing towards minimising the potential for pollution exposures arising from accidents and in so doing minimising environmental degradation to a larger or lesser extent. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-15T12:05:31Z No. of bitstreams: 4 Erica 4.pdf: 1237849 bytes, checksum: d963966a8219b258438f4085b04b915b (MD5) Erica 3.pdf: 754829 bytes, checksum: c8bbd883a4fe0175ff6cc279dbf70f67 (MD5) Erica 2.pdf: 499425 bytes, checksum: 6ea3da2074f11c19a0b54fcaa2fcf5a2 (MD5) Erica 1.pdf: 87081 bytes, checksum: 623447dc41bde9d92e7ee723c4905c0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:35:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 Erica 4.pdf: 1237849 bytes, checksum: d963966a8219b258438f4085b04b915b (MD5) Erica 3.pdf: 754829 bytes, checksum: c8bbd883a4fe0175ff6cc279dbf70f67 (MD5) Erica 2.pdf: 499425 bytes, checksum: 6ea3da2074f11c19a0b54fcaa2fcf5a2 (MD5) Erica 1.pdf: 87081 bytes, checksum: 623447dc41bde9d92e7ee723c4905c0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Erica 4.pdf: 1237849 bytes, checksum: d963966a8219b258438f4085b04b915b (MD5) Erica 3.pdf: 754829 bytes, checksum: c8bbd883a4fe0175ff6cc279dbf70f67 (MD5) Erica 2.pdf: 499425 bytes, checksum: 6ea3da2074f11c19a0b54fcaa2fcf5a2 (MD5) Erica 1.pdf: 87081 bytes, checksum: 623447dc41bde9d92e7ee723c4905c0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Na presente dissertação pretende-se discutir a questão da ação civil pública para a reparação de danos ambientais. Para tanto faz-se inicialmente no primeiro capitulo uma analise da responsabilidade civil ambiental enfrentando-se a questão da natureza objetiva e das teorias da natureza de risco. Aborda-se também a dificuldade no estabelecimento do nexo causal para ensejar o dever de reparação do dano ambiental e as características e os efeitos da responsabilidade civil ambiental identificando o estabelecimento de uma nova função para este instituto . O estudo da responsabilidade civil neste capitulo. Faz-se uma analise da jurisprudência tratando deste tema e das técnicas disponíveis no direito brasileiro para apurar a responsabilidade do infrator por um dano causado ao meio ambiente. Em seguida no segundo capitulo parte-se para a analise dos aspectos processuais da ação de reparação de danos ambientais no qual serão analisados os seguintes aspectos as tutelas de urgências a legitimação ativa e passiva a competência a denunciação da lide a litispendência conexão e continência a assistência e litisconsórcio a distribuição do ônus da prova a coisa julgada e por fim o termo de julgamento de conduta. Ao final no terceiro capitulo faz-se um estudo da problemática em torno da reparação dos danos ambientais iniciando-se pela conceituação e analise das características desse dano. Em seguida parte-se para a sua classificação e conseqüente estudo do dano individual reflexo e do dano extrapatrimonial ambiental. Analisa-se no trabalho as formas de reparação do dano ambiental e as dificuldades em torno de sua valoração com enfrentamento dos precedentes judiciais sobre o assunto. Ao final será realizado um breve estudo da aplicação do instituto da prescrição indenizatória do dano ambiental. / Salvador

ALBUQUERQUE, José Alfredo de. Avaliação do passivo ambiental de solos degradados por sais no perímetro irrigado Curu Pentecoste, Ceará. 2015. 82 f. : Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-08-08T15:40:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_jaalbuquerque.pdf: 962070 bytes, checksum: 0f076f8e5aa488dfdcd3e60443022493 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-08-08T15:41:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_jaalbuquerque.pdf: 962070 bytes, checksum: 0f076f8e5aa488dfdcd3e60443022493 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T15:41:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_jaalbuquerque.pdf: 962070 bytes, checksum: 0f076f8e5aa488dfdcd3e60443022493 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The research has as a physical basis the Curu Pentecoste Irrigated Perimeter, under jurisdiction of the Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (National Department of Works to Combat Drought) and as an objective quantify the extent, the cost of reversal and legal responsibility for the environmental liability. The public irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid has generated salt-induced soil degradation as a by-product, originating a legal liability, and its legal responsibility lies with the state authority. To quantify the extent and cost of reverting the environmental damage, initially, a survey was conducted among irrigating farmers to analyze the meaning they give to the problems related to the irrigation, the water used in irrigation and the degradation of the soil. Beforehand an electromagnetic induction sensor was used to measure the electrical conductivity in the soil, estimating the total of soluble salts in its solution. The electrical conductivity values obtained by the sensor oriented the collection of soil samples for the purposes of physical and chemical analyses, proceeding to the identification of the areas degraded by salt. With the definition of the extent of the environmental damage, the values of the main crops and the gross value of the agricultural production were collected to assess the costs of reverting the environmental liability. The results showed financial and technical insufficiencies of the irrigating farmers; that the environmental degradation by salt reaches 67,27% of the irrigated perimeter. In conclusion, as a result of the solidarity aspects, the strict civil liability in repairing the environmental damage caused by irrigation lies with the state authority. / A pesquisa tem como base física o Perímetro Irrigado Curu Pentecoste, jurisdicionado ao Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas, e como objetivo geral quantificar a extensão, o custo da reversão e a responsabilidade legal pelo passivo ambiental. A irrigação pública no semiárido brasileiro tem gerado como subproduto a degradação dos solos por sais, formando um passivo ambiental, cuja responsabilidade legal da reversão é do poder público. Para quantificar a extensão e o custo da reversão do dano ambiental, inicialmente, aplicou-se um questionário aos agricultores irrigantes para analisar o significado que eles dão aos problemas relacionados com a irrigação, com a água de irrigação e com a degradação dos solos. Posteriormente, utilizou-se um sensor de indução eletromagnética para medir a condutividade elétrica no solo, estimando-se o total de sais solúveis em sua solução. Os valores da condutividade elétrica aferidos pelo sensor nortearam a coleta de amostras de solo para fins de análise física e química, procedendo-se à identificação das áreas degradadas por sais. Com a definição da extensão dos danos ambientais, levantaram-se os valores de produtividade das principais culturas e o valor bruto da produção agrícola, para aferir os custos da reversão do passivo ambiental. Os resultados demonstraram uma hipossuficiência financeira e técnica dos agricultores irrigantes; que a degradação ambiental por sais atinge 67,27% da área do perímetro irrigado. Conclui-se que, em decorrência dos aspectos de solidariedade, a responsabilidade civil objetiva na reparação do dano ambiental provocado pela irrigação é do poder público.