A proper normative interpretation is undoubtedly one of the pillars of Law, all this thanks that brings a juridical security level and predictability to all the parties involved. In that sense the author submits a critique about the criteria that have been emitted by the diverse public  organisms  in  environmental  material,  specifically  with  the  juridical  concept  of«environmental damage» in the excess inside Maximum Permissible Limit. Also the article presents an objective focus through a temporal development of diverse administrative resolutions, which are established as incorrect on the basis of a wide and forced interpretation about environmental damage, concept applied not only in a case with real effects, but also potential ones. Finally, this is provided by the author as a defect, that although actually exists a remedial intention, this must begin from a clear conceptual framework in normative and resolutive topics by equal. / Una debida interpretación normativa, se constituye sin duda alguna, como uno de los pilares del Derecho, ello gracias a que otorga un nivel de seguridad jurídica y predictibilidad a todas la partes involucradas. Es en ese sentido, que el autor sostiene una crítica sobre el criterio que han venido emitiendo en instancia administrativa diversos organismos públicos en materia ambiental, específicamente con respecto al concepto jurídico de «daño ambiental» en el exceso de los Límites Máximos Permisibles (LMP). El artículo nos presenta un enfoque objetivo con un desarrollo temporal de diversas resoluciones administrativas, las cuales manifiesta, son erróneas en base a una interpretación amplia y forzada de lo que es daño ambiental, concepto que se aplica no solo para aquellos supuestos con efectos reales, sino también potenciales. Finalmente, ello es señalado por el autor como un defecto, que si bien en la actualidad existe una intención de subsanarlo, esto debe partir principalmente de un marco conceptual claro tanto en el ámbito normativo como resolutivo.

La dette écologique est un discours politique qui s'est développé au début des années 90 pour lutter contre le fardeau des dettes financières qui grevait les budgets des États en développement. États et société civile se sont alors appropriés les acquis théoriques et pratiques des sciences économiques et sociales pour contester un ordre du monde inégalitaire et conduisant à la dégradation continue de l'environnement, caractéristique d'un "échange écologiquement inégal". Mais dans la bouche des différents acteurs, la dette écologique a pris des sens différents, si bien que l'on peut dissocier quatre discours de la dette écologique. À chacun de ces discours correspondent un ou plusieurs outils juridiques, outils qui, après analyse, s'avèrent souvent inaptes à valider les prétentions des partisans de la dette écologique. Il apparaît que seule la version communautaire de la dette écologique offre un cadre d'analyse qui soit efficient sans être contre-productif. L'analyse spécifiquement dédiée au régime climatique en droit international confirme ce résultat puisque les normes allant dans le sens d'un accroissement des capacités des populations locales semblent plus à même de réduire la dette climatique. / The ecological debt is a concept which was developed at the beginning of the 90s in order to fight against the burden of financial debts which crippled the budgets of developing States. States and the civil society used the theoretical and practical knowledge developed by researchers in social and economic sciences to criticize an unequal worldorder, leading to continuous environmental degradation and as such, a characteristic of an unequal ecological exchange. For the different actors, the concept of ecological debt took on various meanings so that we can now dissociate four different discourses. For each discourse, we have identified one or more legal mechanism, but most of them often turn out to be unfit to meet the claims of ecological debt advocates. It appears that only the community version of ecological debt is efficient without being counter-productive. Our analysis of the climate regime in international law confirms this result since norms that empower local communities seem more efficient to reduce climate debt.

O trabalho aborda a responsabilidade civil das concessionárias de rodovias e a lesão individual devido a dano ambiental em face de acidente na via, decorrente de deficiências de construção, conservação, manutenção ou sinalização das rodovias. Expõe aspectos da responsabilidade civil e a concessão de rodovias com pedágio, em breve estudo do instituto da concessão, que dá origem ao complexo de relações que se estabelecem entre o Estado, a concessionária privada, o usuário e terceiro, analisando o contrato de concessão, suas características, as obrigações das partes. Abrange o estudo da responsabilidade civil e da responsabilidade civil do Estado, com enfoque na responsabilidade objetiva e a norma do § 6° do art. 37 da Constituição Federal. Destaca o dano ambiental, suas características, a responsabilidade civil e a responsabilidade do Estado por dano ambiental, a responsabilidade objetiva e as teorias que a informam, com enfoque na lesão individual decorrente de dano ambiental e sua reparação examinando o previsto no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Aborda a responsabilidade das concessionárias de rodovias com enfoque na aplicação do art. 37, § 6°, da Constituição Federal, que estendeu a responsabilidade do Estado às concessionárias de rodovias. Examina jurisprudências que resultaram na responsabilidade civil da concessionária por danos decorrentes de acidentes devido a deficiências de construção, conservação, manutenção ou sinalização de rodovia e relativas à responsabilidade civil por lesão individual decorrente de dano ambiental. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-20T17:13:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jussara M M Ososrio.pdf: 905798 bytes, checksum: 073f5c2fe81c37e48a1ff1088f7efd37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T17:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jussara M M Ososrio.pdf: 905798 bytes, checksum: 073f5c2fe81c37e48a1ff1088f7efd37 (MD5) / This study deals with the civil responsibility of highway concession holders and individual harm stemming from environmental damage caused by road accidents, resultant from improper construction, maintenance or signposting of highways. It deals with aspects of civil responsibility and the concession of highways with toll systems. It is a brief study of concession granting, giving rise to the complex of relationships established between the State, the private concession holder, users and third parties, analyzing the concession contract, its characteristics, and the obligations of the parties. This study spans civil responsibility and the responsibility of the State, focusing on objective responsibility and norm § 6° of art. 37 of the Federal Constitution. Special attention is given to environmental damage, its characteristics, civil responsibility and the responsibility of the State for environmental damage, objective responsibility and the theories that inform them, focusing on individual harm caused by environmental damage and its reparation examining the provisions in Brazilian law. It deals with the responsibility of the highway concession holders focused on application of art. 37, § 6° of the Fede ral Constitution, which extended the responsibility of the State to highway concession holders. It examines the law that has resulted in the civil responsibility of concession holders for damages caused by accidents resulting from improper construction, maintenance or signposting of highways and that relative to civil responsibility for individual harm caused by environmental damage.

O trabalho aborda a responsabilidade civil das concessionárias de rodovias e a lesão individual devido a dano ambiental em face de acidente na via, decorrente de deficiências de construção, conservação, manutenção ou sinalização das rodovias. Expõe aspectos da responsabilidade civil e a concessão de rodovias com pedágio, em breve estudo do instituto da concessão, que dá origem ao complexo de relações que se estabelecem entre o Estado, a concessionária privada, o usuário e terceiro, analisando o contrato de concessão, suas características, as obrigações das partes. Abrange o estudo da responsabilidade civil e da responsabilidade civil do Estado, com enfoque na responsabilidade objetiva e a norma do § 6° do art. 37 da Constituição Federal. Destaca o dano ambiental, suas características, a responsabilidade civil e a responsabilidade do Estado por dano ambiental, a responsabilidade objetiva e as teorias que a informam, com enfoque na lesão individual decorrente de dano ambiental e sua reparação examinando o previsto no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Aborda a responsabilidade das concessionárias de rodovias com enfoque na aplicação do art. 37, § 6°, da Constituição Federal, que estendeu a responsabilidade do Estado às concessionárias de rodovias. Examina jurisprudências que resultaram na responsabilidade civil da concessionária por danos decorrentes de acidentes devido a deficiências de construção, conservação, manutenção ou sinalização de rodovia e relativas à responsabilidade civil por lesão individual decorrente de dano ambiental. / This study deals with the civil responsibility of highway concession holders and individual harm stemming from environmental damage caused by road accidents, resultant from improper construction, maintenance or signposting of highways. It deals with aspects of civil responsibility and the concession of highways with toll systems. It is a brief study of concession granting, giving rise to the complex of relationships established between the State, the private concession holder, users and third parties, analyzing the concession contract, its characteristics, and the obligations of the parties. This study spans civil responsibility and the responsibility of the State, focusing on objective responsibility and norm § 6° of art. 37 of the Federal Constitution. Special attention is given to environmental damage, its characteristics, civil responsibility and the responsibility of the State for environmental damage, objective responsibility and the theories that inform them, focusing on individual harm caused by environmental damage and its reparation examining the provisions in Brazilian law. It deals with the responsibility of the highway concession holders focused on application of art. 37, § 6° of the Fede ral Constitution, which extended the responsibility of the State to highway concession holders. It examines the law that has resulted in the civil responsibility of concession holders for damages caused by accidents resulting from improper construction, maintenance or signposting of highways and that relative to civil responsibility for individual harm caused by environmental damage.

Este trabalho estuda o instituto das medidas compensatórias como uma nova obrigação imposta pelo direito aos empreendimentos com potencial de causar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. A pesquisa do tema se deu de forma crítica, enfrentando as contradições do sistema econômico vigente. Verificou-se que as medidas compensatórias emergiram da mais evidente crise ambiental ou à crescente escassez dos recursos naturais, buscando, ao mesmo tempo, a proteção ambiental e a manutenção do sistema de mercado. Procurando a melhor funcionalidade das medidas, pretendeu-se demonstrar que elas não se equiparam a uma forma de reparação por dano futuro, tampouco se enquadram necessariamente em uma espécie tributária; podem, como quis o Supremo Tribunal Federal, ser chamadas de compartilhamento de despesas entre o Poder Público e os empreendedores pelos custos da utilização dos recursos naturais no processo produtivo. Na verdade, em razão de serem dotadas das características da transversalidade e da interdisciplinaridade, as medidas compensatórias apresentam-se com diversas facetas, podendo mostrar características predominantes de mecanismos de comando e controle, como também de instrumentos econômicos. Assim, concluiu-se nesta tese ser um instituto híbrido, não enquadrável em uma categoria jurídica estanque. Verificou-se, ainda, ser necessária uma análise estrutural a fim de serem eficazes. Nesse sentido, propôs-se a sua instituição por normas primárias, nas quais se fixem padrões mínimos e com critérios objetivos de aplicação. Para tanto concluir, o estudo partiu dos debates já travados, tanto pela jurisprudência quanto pela doutrina, acerca da constitucionalidade, metodologia de cálculo e natureza jurídica de uma das medidas compensatórias, chamada compensação ambiental, instituída pela Lei nº 9.985/2000 (Lei do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação-SNUC). A partir daí, buscou-se demonstrar o processo subjacente à edição de normas ambientais, recaindo nos princípios do Direito Ambiental, dentre eles o importante princípio do poluidor-pagador, cuja premissa é internalizar os custos pela utilização dos recursos naturais no processo produtivo, para não serem assumidos pelo Poder Público e por toda a coletividade. Ainda, buscou-se diferenciar os conceitos de dano ambiental e de impacto negativo ao meio ambiente, porquanto as medidas compensatórias visam a compensar o meio ambiente pelos impactos negativos, significando uma perda aceita, prevista e gerenciada; o dano ambiental, por sua vez, é algo intolerável, indesejado e, por isso, objeto de reparação civil objetiva, de responsabilidade administrativa e, ainda, da penalização criminal / This paper studies the institution of compensatory measures, considered as a new obligation imposed by law for projects with the potential to cause adverse environmental impacts. The theme was investigated critically, facing the contradictions of the current economic system. In this regard, we verified compensatory measures instituted to cope with an increasingly apparent environmental crisis and the growing shortage of natural resources, while seeking environmental protection and maintenance of the market. In the search for a better functionality of the measures, we sought to demonstrate that they do not represent a form of compensation for future damages, nor do they necessarily fall within the range of any legitimate taxation. In fact, these measures were adopted by the Supreme Court more as a sharing of costs between government and entrepreneurs for the use of natural resources in the production process. Fundamentally, the compensatory measures of this instrument, equipped with characteristics of transversality and interdisciplinarity, present different aspects, which can deploy features to carry out command and control mechanisms, as well as economic instruments. Our thesis has therefore led us to the conclusion that this instrument is not readily classifiable under any isolated legal category, and should be looked upon as a hybrid mechanism. Nevertheless, we considered that a structural analysis was necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the measures. In this respect, we proposed it be instituted on primary norms, with the establishment of minimum standards and objective application criteria. This required starting with debates conducted in jurisprudence and doctrine over the constitutionality, method of calculation, and legal nature of a compensatory measure called environmental compensation, established by Law No. 9.985/2000 (Law of the National System of Conservation Units, SNUC). From there, we sought to demonstrate the process behind the issuing of environmental standards falling within the principles of environmental law; among which the important polluter pays principle, which is premised on the environmental externalities of economic activities that use natural resources, and prevents that pollution costs be borne by Government and, ultimately, by the whole community. We went on by delimiting the concepts of environmental damage and negative environmental impact, considering that compensatory measures aim at providing compensation for adverse impacts, which signify accepted, provided and managed losses. Environmental damage, in turn, is something unacceptable and undesirable, and must therefore be subject to civil liability, as well as criminal penalties.

MESMEG / Department of Ecology and Resource Management / Invasive alien plants refer to plant species that show a tendency to escape from human control, go beyond the intended physical boundaries and cause environmental damage. The issue of letting the Invasive alien plant species grow and spread, with no attempts made to control the spread of the species beyond the limits of plantations, is not sustainable. All the attempted methods that the Department of Environmental Affairs used seemed to have failed in yielding the expected results. The main objective of the study was to determine the Wolkberg Working for Water programme’s level of success in terms of clearing invasive alien plant species. Wolkberg Project was used as a case study as it is one of the Working for Water Programme. The data were collected using random sampling methods on the worked areas, where work is in progress and those where no work has been done. Primary data were collected from land owners through field observations and questionnaires from the participants whilst secondary data were collected from the Department of Environmental Affairs. The study adopted a mixed methods approach which is both quantitative and qualitative. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) package. The research determined the level of success in terms of clearing invasive alien plant species, employment opportunities, tools/materials that have been used to clear the plants and the advice on the possible strategies that can be employed in the invasive alien plant species management. It was found out that the Invasive alien plant species require constant maintenance in order for them to be controlled. The Wolkberg project is mainly dominated by male workers compared to females. Each team comprised 3% underage workers. The study recommends that the project should make sure that the follow-ups are done at the correct time and stage. Looking at the statistics of males and females, the study revealed that transformation is not adhered to in this project. / NRF

La zone CEMAC (Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale) dispose d’innombrables ressources minières solides et liquides. Dans cette zone, l’exploitation minière est considérée comme un véritable levier stratégique de développement socio-économique. C’est pour cette raison que la vision 2025 ainsi que le Programme Économique Régional de cette zone communautaire l’ont érigé comme pilier de l’émergence économique et initié, entre autres, la création d’une académie minière, les projets transfrontaliers d’exploitation minière ainsi que l’adoption d’un code minier communautaire. Au-delà des commodités économiques qu’apportent l’exploitation minière aux pays membres de la CEMAC, il sied de souligner que cette activité demeure concurremment une des principales sources de dégradations environnementales dans cette sous-région. En effet, l’exploitation minière se déroule en plusieurs phases. Pendant la phase dite de concassage ou de broyage, des contaminants tels que le cadmium, le plomb, le sélénium et l’arsenic, utilisés pour extraire les minerais, sont rejetés dans l’air. Au contact de celui-ci, ces contaminants subissent des transformations physico-chimiques et finissent par polluer l’air. Lors de la phase dite de lessivage, certains de ces constituants toxiques composés généralement d’azote, de cyanure, d’ammoniac, de nitrate ou de nitrite sont, quant à eux, déversés dans des eaux domestiques utilisées par les communautés locales. Ces substances chimiques ne se dissolvent pas dans ces eaux. Au contraire, elles y restent pendant plusieurs années et finissent par devenir des foyers de pollution des eaux domestiques. Aujourd’hui, ces répercussions environnementales, qui constituent indéniablement une violation du droit à un environnement sain (DES), menacent non seulement la santé mais également la survie de plusieurs communautés locales vivant dans les pays de la zone CEMAC. Compte tenu des préjudices qu’elles subissent, ces dernières sont légitimement en droit de demander réparation. Selon certaines recherches dont celles effectuées par le Centre de ressources sur les entreprises et les droits de l’homme, malgré la multiplication des atteintes du DES du fait de l’exploitation minière et les dénonciations de la société civile dans cette sous-région d’Afrique, les principales victimes, en l’occurrence les communautés locales, n’entreprennent que rarement voire quasiment jamais une action en réparation devant les juridictions compétentes. C’est fort de ce constat qu’à travers une analyse positiviste de certains éléments règlementaires et socio-contextuels, cette thèse s’est proposée dans un premier temps d’identifier les principaux obstacles à l’origine de cette quasi-absence d’actions en réparation des communautés locales. Dans un second temps, elle s’est astreinte à proposer deux grandes pistes de réforme en la matière. Un double objectif sous-tend cette proposition. Elle vise d’abord à ménager le mécanisme d’action en réparation en la matière afin de faciliter voire encourager les communautés locales victimes des violations de leur droit à un environnement sain par l’exploitation minière à saisir les juridictions compétentes. Ensuite, elle vise également à garantir une obtention effective de l’indemnisation des préjudices qu’elles subissent du fait de l’activité minière. / The CEMAC zone (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa) has countless solid and liquid mining resources. In this zone, mining is considered a real strategic lever for socio-economic development. This is why the 2025 vision and the Regional Economic Program of this community zone have established it as a pillar of economic emergence and initiated, among other things, the creation of a mining academy, cross-border mining projects and the adoption of a community mining code. In addition to the economic benefits that mining brings to CEMAC member countries, it should be noted that this activity remains one of the main sources of environmental degradation in this sub-region. Indeed, mining takes place in several phases. During the crushing or grinding phase, contaminants such as cadmium, lead, selenium and arsenic, used to extract the ores, are released into the air. In contact with the air, these contaminants undergo physical and chemical transformations and end up polluting the air. During the leaching phase, some of these toxic constituents, generally composed of nitrogen, cyanide, ammonia, nitrate or nitrite, are discharged into domestic water used by local communities. These chemicals do not dissolve in these waters. On the contrary, they remain there for several years and end up becoming sources of domestic water pollution. Today, these environmental repercussions, which undeniably constitute a violation of the right to a healthy environment (DES), threaten not only the health but also the survival of several local communities living in the countries of the CEMAC zone. Given the damage they suffer, these communities are legitimately entitled to claim compensation. According to some research, including that carried out by the Resource Center on Business and Human Rights, despite the multiplication of DES violations due to mining and the denunciations of civil society in this sub-region of Africa, the main victims, in this case the local communities, rarely, if ever, take action for compensation before the competent jurisdictions. It is with this in mind that, through a positivist, comparative and interpretative analysis of certain well-known regulatory and socio-contextual elements, this thesis first proposes to identify the main obstacles at the origin of this near absence of reparation actions by local communities. Secondly, it has attempted to propose two major avenues of reform in this area. The aspiration of this singular proposal is twofold. Firstly, it aims to spare the mechanism of reparation action in this matter in order to facilitate and even encourage local communities who are victims of violations of their right to a healthy environment by mining operations to bring their case before the competent jurisdictions. Secondly, it also aims to guarantee that the damages suffered by these communities as a result of the mining activity are effectively compensated.

The subject of my master thesis is the EU directive 2004/35 on environmental responsibility, prevention and damage redress, its implementation into the legal order of the Czech Republic and the potential impact of undue transposition of the directive. The first part of my thesis deals with the harmonization need in this area and with the directive itself. Following a brief introduction of the directive, I'm presenting an overview of its basic institutes and their legal form. I'm also making an effort at identifying possible shortcomings of the directive. The basic institutes of the directive include: key principles, the environmental damage itself, operational activity, responsibility mechanisms, financial safeguards and the administrative procedure to impose a preventive or a remedial provisions. The second part of my thesis deals with the theoretical aspects of appropriate implementation, such as the interpretation of the directive, a timely adoption of the transposition provisions, proper projection of the content of the directive, due form of the transposition provisions, the application of EU norms, the equivalence and effectiveness imperative and the internal Czech rules for the implementation of EU norms that have been laid down by the governmental provision Nr. 1304 (methodological directions). The...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Roberto Marques.pdf: 1493238 bytes, checksum: 68155ed6a1788a73a554d9c3b32e9cdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-07 / The environmental matter is a topic present in any line of discussion. It is a result of the laws of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, once we can not ignore that next generations quality of life is submitted to them, so, protecting the environment is really valuable. The current environmental degradation has many of its effects deferred to a time we can not precise. This process arises from the inevitability, at the moment, of satisfying the needs of the present generations and allowing them to harvest the benefits of their right to development. In order to do so, it must be considered that the environmental resources are limited and there are no conditions to assure for how long they will serve men. In such context, the role of Law is important, in charge of balancing the environmental preservation and the economic growth, without ignoring the necessary benefit that shall result from it to human being. This scenery constitutes what is called sustainable development. With such a purpose, the operators of Law, when interpreting juridical laws, must consider, first, the laws of nature, adjusting the legislation to them. Then, considering the constitutional orders observing the acknowledged social rights and the individual s dignity principle one has to interpret the rules so that the result favors the collectivity and, as much as possible to do such adjustment, promote the sustainable development. Considering that sustainability only can be ascertained a long time after the action, looking back to the past, the caution in the administration of the environmental resources available (Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Powers activities, each one performing its role), must guide all public and private politics, applying the principles of prevention, precaution and polluter pays / A questão ambiental é tema de qualquer pauta de discussão. É uma decorrência das leis da Biologia, da Química e da Física, pois não se pode ignorar que a qualidade de vida das futuras gerações está submetida a elas e, assim, o cuidado com relação ao meio ambiente é muito valioso. A degradação ambiental provocada atualmente tem muitos de seus efeitos diferidos para época que não sabemos precisar. Esse processo decorre da inevitabilidade, no momento, de satisfazer as necessidades das atuais gerações e permitir que colham os proveitos do direito ao desenvolvimento. Para tanto, deve ser considerado que os recursos ambientais são limitados, e não se tem condições de assegurar até quando servirão ao homem. Nesse contexto, é importante a função do Direito, encarregado de equilibrar a preservação ambiental e o crescimento econômico, sem se descuidar do necessário benefício que deve advir para o ser humano, constituindo, esse cenário, o que se chama de desenvolvimento sustentável. Com essa finalidade, os operadores do Direito, na interpretação das leis jurídicas, devem considerar, primeiramente, as leis da natureza, a elas ajustando a legislação. Depois, atentos aos mandamentos constitucionais com observância dos direitos sociais reconhecidos e do princípio da dignidade da pessoa , cumpre interpretar as normas de forma que o resultado favoreça a coletividade e, no quanto for possível fazer esse ajuste, promova o desenvolvimento sustentável. Levando-se em conta que a sustentabilidade somente pode ser apurada muito tempo depois da ação, voltando-se para o passado, a cautela na administração (atividades dos Poderes Legislativo, Executivo e Judiciário, cada um dentro de suas funções) dos recursos ambientais disponíveis deve orientar todas as políticas públicas e privadas, notadamente com aplicação dos princípios da prevenção, da precaução e do poluidor-pagador

This thesis discusses the responsibility of and risk for infestations of spruce bark beetle. The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is a natural part of the Swedish forest ecosystem but causes severe financial damage in forestry. Since 2018, the spruce bark beetle infestations have been substantial in Sweden. The first task of the thesis is to evaluate the balance between the forest production interests and the environmental interests, based on the legal regulation of spruce bark beetle control. Production and environment are the equal aims of the Swedish Forestry Act. The regulation of spruce bark beetle control differs depending on whether the forest is in a conservation area or not. For example, owners of forests outside conservation areas are obliged to take care of damaged, fresh wood of spruce and pine, while such an obligation in general does not exist in conservation areas. In this evaluation, I conclude that the balance between the two interests in the spruce bark beetle regulation is good as a whole.  The second question of the thesis is the legal allocation of risk for spruce bark beetle infestations. In this investigation, it is examined whether established law presents a possibility to claim damages for spruce bark beetle infestations that may derive from an adjacent forest. The conclusion drawn is that the regulation of compensation for certain kinds of environmental damage in the Swedish Environmental Code probably would not be applicable as a legal basis for such a claim. By contrast, neighbour law and the Swedish Torts Act could be used as the basis of an action for damages. However, to prove causality regarding the origins of a specific infestation might bring problems, which altogether means that an action for damages faces considerable difficulties. Therefore lastly, some alternative ways of allocating the risk for spruce bark beetle infestations are presented. / I denna uppsats diskuteras ansvar och risk för granbarkborreangrepp. Granbarkborren, Ips typographus, är en naturlig del av skogens ekosystem men orsakar stora ekonomiska skador i skogsbruket. Sedan 2018 har granbarkborreangreppen i Sverige varit omfattande.  Uppsatsens första uppgift är att utifrån regleringen av granbarkborrebekämpning i skogen utvärdera avvägningen mellan produktions- och miljöintresset, som är skogsvårdslagens jämställda mål. Den rättsliga regleringen av bekämpning av granbarkborrar skiljer sig åt beroende på om skogen är skyddad eller oskyddad. Bland annat är ägare av oskyddad skog ålagda att ta hand om skadat, färskt barrvirke, medan en sådan skyldighet ofta saknas i skyddade områden. I utvärderingen kommer jag fram till att avvägningen mellan de två intressena över lag är god i granbarkborreregleringen.  Den andra frågan i uppsatsen är fördelningen av risk för granbarkborreangrepp. För att undersöka det utreds om det enligt gällande rätt är möjligt att få skadestånd för granbarkborreangrepp som kan härstamma från närliggande skyddad eller oskyddad skog. Slutsatsen är att 32 kap. miljöbalken förmodligen inte skulle vara tillämplig, medan däremot grannelagsrätten och skadeståndslagen kan läggas till grund för en sådan talan. Att bevisa orsakssambanden kan dock innebära problem, vilket sammantaget gör att en skadeståndstalan för granbarkborreangrepp från närliggande skog möter ansenliga hinder. Sist presenteras därför några alternativa sätt att fördela risken för barkborreangrepp.