Cette recherche a pour but de présenter une étude de cas d'un organisme de développement local à l'intérieur d'un milieu périphérique. Cette recherche tente de cerner les impacts de la présence d'un tel organisme sur son territoire d'intervention. Pour ce faire, nous avons retenu le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est dans la région du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Celle-ci présente les traits typiques d'un milieu périphérique: secteur traditionnel en déclin, taux de chômage élevé, dévitalisation du milieu rural, etc. Cette recherche vise plusieurs objectifs. Dans un premier temps, déterminer les outils d'intervention qui sont utilisés par le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est et s'interroger sur leur pertinence en regard des besoins et réalités de la collectivité locale de la MRC. Dans un deuxième temps, mettre en lumière les effets des choix décisionnels du CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est sur la localisation d'entreprises en analysant les types d'entreprises qui découlent de ces choix. Pour y arriver, nous présentons un portrait socioéconomique de la MRC de Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, territoire d'intervention du CLD, ainsi qu'une analyse approfondie provenant des rapports annuels et autres documents concernant les 134 entreprises soutenues financièrement par le CLD. Cette analyse des entreprises soutenues financièrement présente des données, entre autres, sur le secteur d'activité, les types d'intervention, la durée de vie des entreprises et leur répartition sur le territoire. Ainsi, à la lumière des résultats, nous sommes arrivés à plusieurs conclusions. Une dichotomie du dynamisme entrepreneurial au niveau local entre les municipalités du nord et celles situées au sud de la MRC est mise en lumière. De plus, il semble que le moteur de richesses et de surplus organisationnels se retrouve dans la ville d'Alma. Cette ville semble littéralement drainer les municipalités locales voisines. La superficie du territoire des municipalités locales présente une certaine corrélation avec le nombre d'entreprises pour le secteur sud, car une diversité des ressources territoriales semble favoriser une diversification des activités. La viabilité des entreprises soutenues par le CLD confirme la justesse et la pertinence des choix décisionnels de ce dernier. D'ailleurs, le rôle de consolidation du CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est a été sous-estimé. Finalement, l'importance accordée à l'économie sociale particulièrement pour les entreprises dans le secteur des arts, de la culture et des loisirs est à souligner. En conclusion, nous montrons que le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est chapeaute et mobilise une collectivité locale au dynamisme bien présent qui repose essentiellement sur la puissance économique de sa ville centre. Pour une région périphérique aux prises avec des difficultés économiques, ce résultat peut surprendre. Le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est a su mobiliser et exploiter les forces de son territoire d'intervention en le dotant d'outils flexibles adaptés aux réalités socioéconomiques des milieux locaux. Or, sans la mobilisation des acteurs et des ressources locales, le portrait n'aurait peut-être pas été le même. Ceci a été visible tant dans la composition interne du CLD que dans les orientations qu'il s'est données. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Développement local, CLD, PME, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, MRC Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Territoire, Économie sociale, Gouvernance locale, Développement régional, Politique, Région périphérique, Entrepreneuriat, Dévitalisation, Municipalité locale.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArtemisaAS_DISSERT_Pag1_ate_pag80.pdf: 3092024 bytes, checksum: 84093abb355c05bcb8f86787cc620cc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / In order for this study to be developed, the central goal on our investigation was defined as analyzing and interpreting the aesthetical experiences meanings lived by singers-educators in the human formation. The interest for the aesthetical experience theme was built from my own experience for the last twelve years as a member of the School of Music Madrigal, the oldest group in the State Federal University, created for research and cultural extension with structural perspective which brings closer teachers, students and the outer community that comes from different social realities to face the challenge of combining the ability of singing, the corporeity involvement and the aesthetical experiences meanings. This paper points out the understanding of art as perceptive expression of human emotions, such as the creation of existential demand, the restructuring of oneself and the constructions which shape beauty. We seek a dense contribution of new challenges to the peculiar demand of human potential in terms of sensibility repertoire, of involvement, of expectation in magnifying the possibilities and the human and social competences. In the formation human process, we find a living field blooming with natural artistical possibilities, experimenting emotions and feelings shared in collective life, and bringing out impulses to unexpected ludic creation, establishing a powerful aesthetical ambience which highlights the symbolic and imaginary with the deepening of rich ludopoiese properties in several meanings. From the guiding principles of etnophenomenology we find structural and indispensable perspectives which contemplate values, desires, archtype images and ideas that impress originality and fertility to the study. On this path we understand the abundance of living moments of intense commitment, acquaintance, challenges, reunions and connections that stand out from fundamental aspects to freedom, autonomy, creativity and new discontinuities. This acknowledgement brings us closer to the enlighted fullness which makes us humans / Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo definimos como objetivo central de nossa investiga??o analisar e interpretar os significados das experi?ncias est?ticas vivenciadas por cantoreseducadores no processo de forma??o humanescente. O interesse pelo tema da experi?ncia est?tica foi constru?do a partir de minha pr?pria experi?ncia h? doze anos como cantora do Madrigal da Escola de M?sica, grupo de extens?o mais antigo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, um espa?o criado para a pesquisa e extens?o cultural com perspectiva estrutural que aproxima docentes, discentes e comunidade externa oriundos de diferentes realidades sociais para o desafio de combinar a habilidade do canto coral, o envolvimento da corporeidade e os significados de suas experi?ncias est?ticas. Este estudo aponta para o entendimento de arte como sendo express?o perceptiva de emo??es humanas, como cria??o de exig?ncia existencial, de reestrutura??o de si e de constru??es que d?o forma ? beleza. Busca-se uma contribui??o densa de novos desafios ? exig?ncia peculiar do potencial humano em termos de repert?rio de sensibilidades, do envolvimento, da expectativa em ampliar as possibilidades e as compet?ncias humanas e sociais. No processo de forma??o humanescente, encontramos o campo fecundo para usufruir possibilidades art?sticas espont?neas, experimentar emo??es e sentimentos partilhados na vida em grupo, provocar impulsos para cria??o l?dica inusitada, estabelecer uma ambi?ncia est?tica potencializadora que evidencia o simb?lico e o imagin?rio com o aprofundamento das propriedades da ludopoiese ricas em significados diversos. A partir de princ?pios norteadores da etnofenomenologia encontramos perspectivas estruturantes e indispens?veis que contemplam valores, desejos, imagens arquet?picas e ideias que imprimem originalidade e fecundidade ao estudo. Nesse percurso compreendemos a abund?ncia de momentos vivenciais de intenso comprometimento, conviv?ncia, desafios, reencontros e conex?es que despontam em aspectos fundamentais para a liberdade, autonomia, criatividade e novas descontinuidades. Esse reconhecimento nos aproxima da plenitude luminosa para humanescer

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SmallyGM_DISSERT.pdf: 498597 bytes, checksum: 61a4b7c8073dafdc2ef9922698771f28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-08 / This paper is divided into three chapters, which are structured as follows: in the first chapter, we examine the figure of death and its characteristics in the context of the work of Guimar?es Rosa, within a specific type, determining how this figure comes through " imposition "," no "," memory "and" ritual. " We intend to cover all the possibilities that this aspect denotes. In the second chapter, we found the incidence of the mirror as an analysis of our study, characterizing it as a stylistic condition can become a reading key, necessary for interpretation of the book "First Stories". The characterization of the mirror as an element of analysis has a theoretical foundation which stretches out along other literary works that are based on the same object. By setting the points where these works approach the theories of speculation, we want to justify their use from our perspective / O presente trabalho divide-se em tr?s cap?tulos, que constituem a seguinte estrutura: no primeiro cap?tulo, analisamos a figura da morte e suas caracter?sticas no contexto da obra de Guimar?es Rosa, dentro de uma tipologia espec?fica, determinando como essa figura surge atrav?s de imposi??o , aus?ncia , mem?ria e ritual . Com isso, pretendemos abranger todas as possibilidades que esse aspecto denota. No segundo cap?tulo, observamos a incid?ncia do espelho como elemento de an?lise de nosso estudo, caracterizando como uma condi??o estil?stica pode se tornar uma chave de leitura, necess?ria ? interpreta??o do livro Primeiras Est?rias . A caracteriza??o do espelho como elemento de an?lise possui uma fundamenta??o te?rica que se descortina ao longo de outras obras liter?rias que t?m por base o mesmo objeto. Ao estabelecer os pontos em que tais obras se aproximam das teorias da especularidade, pretendemos justificar seu uso sob nossa perspectiva

Esta pesquisa busca, tendo como eixo principal Chris Marker e o filme Le fond de lair est rouge, fazer uma retrospectiva histórica dos principais debates na experiência do cinema-militante francês. Com um caráter introdutório e a partir daí construir alguns apontamentos iniciais para uma interpretação crítica do filme. Através desta aventura político-cinematográfica comentar um fragmento do que se oculta atrás das barricadas da memória. / This research aims, having as an leit-motif Chris Marker and the film Le fond de l\'air est rouge, making a historical retrospective of the major debates on the experience of French militant cinema, introductory in nature and serving as first notes to a critical interpretation of the film. Through this cinematics and politics adventure it trys to make a comment on a fragment of what is hidden behind the barricades of memory.

Etiquetas de sequências expressas (ESTs) são fundamentais para a identificação de genes no genoma humano e para definir características de expressão gênica. Neste trabalho, descrevemos uma nova abordagem para a geração de bibliotecas de cDNA, utilizando iniciadores arbitrários para a produção, por PCR, de mini-bibliotecas a partir de mRNA derivado de câncer de mama. Clones destas bibliotecas foram sequenciadas para gerar 6029 ESTs. Utilizando esta abordagem, foi possível observar uma significante normalização das diferentes sub-populações de mRNA e amplificação preferencial de porções centrais dos genes. Análise bioinformática destas sequências mostra que 3.350 ESTs (56%) tem similaridade significante a sequências de DNA e/ou cDNA já conhecidas (sequências anotadas) descritas em diferentes organismos, e 1509 ESTs (25%) não possuem qualquer similaridade a diferentes bancos de dados. Dentre as sequências anotadas, identificamos algumas sequências com alta similaridade a genes conhecidos em diferentes organismos, indicando a descoberta de alguns genes homólogos possivelmente envolvidos com processos carcinogênicos. Como exemplo, isolamos e caracterizamos parcialmente (i) uma nova isoforma do gene NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1), o qual é pouco expresso em tumores coloretais, (ii) um novo gene da família de semaforinas (moléculas de motilidade axonal) que apresenta uma baixa expressão em linhagens celulares de glioblastoma tratadas com ácido retinóico, um agente antitumoral e (iii) o gene ortólogo humano Notch 2, aparentemente superexpresso em tumores mamários com maior malignidade. / Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are of fundamental importance for the identification of genes within the human genome and defining gene expression characteristics. In this work, we describe a new approach for generating cDNA libraries using essentially arbitrary primers to construct PCR-based minilibraries from breast tumor mRNA. Clones from these libraries were sequenced to generate 6,029 ESTs. Using this approach, we were able to observe a significant normalization of the different mRNA subpopulations and a preferential amplification of the central portions of the genes. Bioinformatic analysis of these sequences shows that 3,350 ESTs (56%) have significant similarity to known DNA and/or cDNA sequences (annotated sequences) from different organisms and 1,509 ESTs (25%) show no similarity to any sequences on different databases. From the annotated sequences, we have identified some sequences with high similarity to known genes from different organisms, indicating the discovery of some homologous genes possibly correlated with carcinogenic processes. For instance, we have isolated and partially characterized (i) a new NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1) isoform which is downregulated in colorectal tumors, (ii) a novel semaphorin member of axon guidance molecules that is down-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines treated with all-trans-retinoic acid, an anti-tumor agent and (iii) the ortolog Notch 2 human gene, apparenty overexpressed in breast tumors with higher malignancy.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux interactions entre l’océan et l’atmosphère dans le Pacifique Sud-Est, à des échelles comprises entre 10 et 300 km ("meso-échelle" océanique). Des observations satellites et un modèle couplé à haute résolution (1/12°) sont utilisés pour mettre en évidence et caractériser la relation entre la meso-échelle de température de surface de la mer (SST) et celle de l’intensité de la tension de vent (TV). Les observations montrent qu’environ un tiers de la meso-échelle de l’intensité de la TV est expliquée par les anomalies de la SST. L’intensité de la réponse de la TV aux anomalies de SST présente des variations spatiales et un cycle saisonnier marqué, également reproduits par le modèle. Une analyse de l’ajustement de la couche limite atmosphérique aux anomalies de meso-échelle de la SST dans les simulations permet d’expliquer ce cycle saisonnier et de comprendre l'origine des variations de la TV et de la vitesse du vent. Le modèle permet également d'étudier les conséquence de la modulation des flux à l’interface air-mer par la meso-échelle de SST et de courant de surface sur la dynamique océanique du Pacifique Sud-Est. D’une part, près de la côte, la réponse de la TV à la présence du front de SST diminue l’intensité de l’upwelling et la génération d’énergie cinétique turbulente (EKE) par instabilité barocline. La réponse de l’atmosphère à la meso-échelle de SST a également une rétroaction négative sur les anomalies de SST. D’autre part, la modulation de la TV par les courants de surface diminue la génération d’EKE par le travail des anomalies de TV, et créé un pompage d’Ekman qui atténue les anomalies de meso-échelle de la hauteur du niveau de la mer. / This PhD thesis studies the air/sea interactions at the oceanic mesoscale (10-300 km) in the South-East Pacific and their consequences. Satellite observations and a high-resolution regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model are used to evidence and characterize the mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature (SST)-wind stress (WS) interactions. Offshore from 150km, observations show that one third of the WS mesoscale intensity is explained by the SST mesoscale anomalies. The intensity of the WS response intensity to the SST displays similar spatial and seasonal variability in both the model and the observations. The simulation is further analyzed to study this variations and to understand the boundary layer adjustment mechanisms. A momentum balance evidenced that the near surface wind anomalies are created by the anomalies of the turbulent mixing term. It is shown that WS intensity anomalies due to SST anomalies are are mainly forced by mixing coefficient anomalies and partially compensated by wind shear anomalies. The consequences on the oceanic dynamics of the air-sea momentum, heat and fresh water fluxes by mesoscale SST and surface current are investigated in the simulations. On one hand, near the coast, the WS response to the upwelling SST front decreases both the upwelling and the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) generation by baroclinic conversion. A negative feedback of the atmospheric response on the SST anomalies amplitude is also evidenced. On the other hand, the WS modulation by oceanic surface currents decreases the EKE generation by the mesoscale wind work. It also creates an Ekman pumping centered above the eddies and attenuating sea surface height anomalies.

Motion planning is an essential component of an autonomous system. This project aims to design a motion planning module to automate the screwing process of radio units. The goal is to choose and implement a motion planner that provides the speed, precision, and efficiency required for the screwing task on a radio filter with a large number of holes located close to each other. Four control-based motion planners were investigated on a 6 Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) robot arm in Robot Operating System (ROS). The investigated motion planners are Rapidly-exploring Random Trees, The Kinodynamic Motion Planning by Interior-Exterior Cell Exploration (KPIECE), The Path- Directed subdivision Trees (PDST), Expansive Space Trees (EST). All these planners are available in The Open Motion Planning Library (OMPL). The motion planners were implemented on a simulated version of a UR5 robot arm. This simulated model is generated by the MoveIt Setup Assistant, which is the primary tool for creating configuration files for kinematics chains in MoveIt. ROS is the chosen platform to design various control methods and motion planning algorithms. Hence two primary workspaces have been created. These workspaces contain several packages and nodes with multiple tasks such as motion planning, visualization, and data extraction. All the nodes communicate using ROS communication tools such as massages services and action client services. Furthermore, this project covers also test and benchmarking all the mentioned planners to determine which planner provides optimal performance in different environments. The planner’s performance is evaluated by designing two experiments in three benchmarking scenarios. The first test is intended to determine how the planners perform a motion planning task similar to an actual screwing process of a radio filter. The purpose of the second experiment is to investigate how the planners perform as the density of the obstacles increase. The performances of the planners have been analyzed and compared with each other using different benchmarking tools such as the planner arena. Result of this project indicates, KPIECE and EST can outperform the state-of-the- art planner, RRT-Connect in some and metrics, especially in an environment with a low obstacles density. However, RRT-Connect is still superior in more dense and complicated settings. / Rörelseplanering är en viktig komponent i ett automatiserat system. Detta projekt syftar till att designa en rörelseplaneringsmodul för att automatisera skruvningen av radioenheter. Målet är att implementera en rörelseplanerare som kan frambringa den hastighet, noggrannhet och effektivitet som krävs för en automatiserad skruvdragare. Skruvdragarens uppgift är att skruva ett antal hål placerade nära varandra på en radiofilter. Denna upsats har undersökt fyra kontrollbaserade rörelseplanerare på en 6 Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) robotarm med hjälp av Robot Operating System (ROS). De undersökta rörelseplanerarna är Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees, The Kinodynamic Motion Planning by Interior-Exterior Cell Exploration (KPIECE), The Path- Directed subdivision Trees (PDST) och Expansive Space Trees (EST)som är tillgängliga i Open Motion The Open Motion Planning Library (OMPL). Planerarna implementeras på en simulerad UR5-robotarm, genererad av MoveIt Setup Assistant, som är det primära verktyget för att skapa konfigurationsfiler för kinematikkedjor i MoveIt. ROS är den valda plattformen för att designa styrmetoder och rörelseplaneringens algoritmer vilket medför att två arbetsytor har skapats. Dessa arbetsytor innehåller flera paket och noder med flera uppgifter bland annat rörelseplanering, visualisering och dataextraktion. Alla noder kommunicerar med varandra genom ROS kommunikationsverktyg liksom massagetjänster och action-client tjänster. Detta projekt omfattar även benchmarkingäv alla ovannämnda planerare för att avgöra vilken of dessa planerare kan åstadkomma en optimal prestanda i olika miljöer. Planerarens prestanda utvärderas genom att designa två experiment i tre benchmarking-scenarier. Det första testet är avsett att bestämma hur en planerare utför en rörelseplaneringsuppgift vilket liknar en verklig skruvprocess för en radioenhet. Andra experimentet är att undersöka hur planerarna presterade när tätheten av hindren ökar. Planerarnas prestationer har analyserats och jämförts med varandra med hjälp av olika benchmarkingverktyger, till exemple Planer Arena. Enligt resultatet av detta projekt kan KPIECE och EST prestera bättre jämfort med den senaste planeraren RRT-Connect i vissa områden, särskilt i ett miljö med låg hindertäthet. RRT-Connect är dock fortfarande överlägsen i mer täta och komplicerade miljöer.

The purpose of this essay was to investigate how the municipality works with Effektiv Samordning för Trygghet (EST), as well as how the collaboration works within the municipality. To investigate this, we used semi-structured interviews and reviewed documents, then a thematic analysis was carried out on the material. The results showed, based on the interviewees’ statements, that the practical work agreed with the manual for EST, but that there were difficulties with the representativeness within the mapping. The interviewees had a common picture of what collaboration is, while the documents lacked precise definitions of collaboration. In addition, the results showed that the interviewees had a lack of knowledge partly regarding what the documents contained, partly about the goals of the collaborative work. It also emerged that there were difficulties between the interviewees' perception of collaboration in comparison to the perceptions in the scientific field, especially regarding role distributions. The conclusions were that there is a need to spread knowledge about the content of the documents and a clarification of what the goals for the collaborations are. / Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur den aktuella kommunen arbetar med Effektiv Samordning för Trygghet (EST), samt hur samverkan fungerar inom kommunen. För att undersöka detta använde vi oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer och granskning av styrdokument, vidare genomfördes en tematisk analys på materialet. Resultatet visade att det praktiska arbetet, utifrån intervjupersonernas utsagor, stämde väl överens med metodhandboken för EST men att det fanns svårigheter med representativiteten inom kartläggningen. Intervjupersonerna hade en gemensam bild av vad samverkan är, medan styrdokumenten saknade tydliga definitioner av samverkan. Dessutom visade resultatet att intervjupersonerna har kunskapsbrister gällande vad styrdokumenten innehåller, samt bristande kunskap om mål för samverkansarbetet. Det framgick även att det fanns skillnader mellan intervjupersonernas uppfattning av samverkan i jämförelse med det vetenskapliga fältets föreställningar, framförallt gällande rollfördelningar. Slutsatserna var att det krävs kunskapsspridning kring styrdokumentens innehåll samt ett förtydligande om vad målen för samverkan är.

L'introduction de production éolienne dans un réseau électrique, de par la nature stochastique du vent, impose au gestionnaire un investissement supplémentaire pour maintenir les réserves en capacité et les infrastructures rattachées afin de balancer les fluctuations de la filière éolienne. L'effet de lissage qu'induit la répartition des éoliennes sur un grand territoire, par son apport au crédit en capacité de la filière, peut être un facteur important de réduction de cet investissement. À l'aide de données recueillies au Québec, ce travail démontre la présence de lissage induit par la répartition des stations anémométriques et le quantifie, en termes de réduction de la variabilité des séries temporelles en vitesse du vent et en puissance. / When introducing wind power into an electricity grid, because of the stochastic nature of wind, investments must be made to insure capacity reserves and related infrastructures are available to balance the wind production fluctuations. Smoothing effect of geographically dispersed wind production may help minimize these investments by reducing variability of the wind production thus contributing to the wind power capacity credit. Based on measured wind speed data from Québec province, this study shows the existence of a smoothing effect induced by geographical dispersion of the measurement stations and quantifies it by means of reduced variability of the wind speed and power time series.

Les échanges de carbone sous forme de CO2 entre l’atmosphère et un parterre de coupe forestière situé en forêt boréale québécoise, le site HBS00 du réseau de recherche Fluxnet-Canada, ont été étudiés à l’aide de la technique de covariance de turbulences pendant une durée d’un an avant l’application d’un traitement de scarifiage et un an après le traitement. Les émissions de carbone ont augmenté suite au scarifiage, passant de 111 à 175 g m-2 an-1, en raison de la destruction d’une partie de la végétation vivante présente sur le site. Le taux de respiration de l’écosystème a peu varié. Les échanges de carbone étaient aussi influencés par les conditions environnementales. Une analyse des résidus des courbes de réponse à la lumière a démontré qu’avant le scarifiage le contenu en eau du sol était, après la lumière, le facteur ayant le plus d’influence sur les flux de carbone. Suite au scarifiage, le déficit de pression de vapeur était le deuxième plus important facteur. / CO2 fluxes between the atmosphere and a recently-harvested site located in Québec’s boreal forest, Fluxnet-Canada Research Network’s HBS00 site, were studied using the eddy covariance technique for one year before application of a scarification treatment and one year after treatment. Carbon emissions were greater after scarification, rising from 111 to 175 g m-2 year-1, because of the destruction of part of the living aboveground vegetation on the site. Ecosystem respiration rates showed little variation between years. Carbon fluxes were also influenced by environmental conditions. Analysis of the residuals of the light response curves indicated that before scarification soil water content was, after light, the factor having the most influence on carbon fluxes. Following scarification, water vapor pressure deficit was the second most important factor.