Les émissions anthropogéniques de dioxyde de carbone ont changé le climat de la Terre. Les forêts boréales contiennent de vastes quantités de carbone (C) et peuvent donc jouer un rôle crucial dans le cycle du C global. Les pessières noires dominent la forêt boréale nord-américaine, il est donc nécessaire de comprendre leurs réponses à la variabilité du climat et aux perturbations écologiques telle la récolte forestière afin d’identifier les facteurs influençant les échanges de C entre la biosphère terrestre et l’atmosphère. Le premier chapitre de recherche (Chap. 3) présente une comparaison des échanges de C de trois pessières noires matures de différentes régions du Canada. Cette étude a montré que le sol plus chaud sous un couvert de neige plus épais en hiver et de faibles niveaux de lumière en juin au site de l’est du Canada, des conditions communes dans cette région, ont réduit la séquestration de C relativement aux sites du Canada central. Une paramétrisation générale à une échelle de temps mensuelle a suffit à caractériser la réponse des pessières noires matures aux conditions environnementales. Dans le deuxième chapitre de recherche (Chap. 4), le bilan de C et la réponse des échanges de C aux conditions environnementales de pessières noires mature et récemment récolté de l’est du Canada ont été quantifiés. Le bilan de C de ces pessières noires était davantage affecté par leur stade de développement que les variations interannuelles du climat. La réponse des échanges de C aux facteurs environnementaux a montré une plus forte variabilité entre et à l’intérieur des années au site récolté due à la structure dynamique de la végétation. Le troisième chapitre de recherche (Chap. 5) concerne les échanges de C du parterre forestier d’une pessière noire mature de l’est du Canada mesurés sur différents microsites. La respiration du sol et la photosynthèse du parterre forestier ont respectivement contribuées à 76-88% et 16-17% de la respiration et de la photosynthèse totales de l’écosystème. Les différences observées de réponse de la respiration du sol aux facteurs environnementaux suggèrent que le type de microsite peut refléter la variabilité spatiale de la respiration du sol. Ces trois études procurent de l’information utile pour paramétrer et modéliser la réponse de la forêt boréale aux variations du climat et aux perturbations écologiques. / Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are changing the Earth’s climate. The boreal forest contains enormous carbon (C) stocks and hence it plays a critical role in the global C cycle. Black spruce ecosystems are the dominant cover type in the North American boreal forest, thus it is necessary to understand their response to both climate variability and to ecological disturbances such as forest harvest so as to identify the factors influencing C exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The first research chapter (Chap. 3) of this thesis presents a comparison of C exchange for three old black spruce ecosystems located in different regions of Canada. This study showed that warmer soil under deeper snowpack in winter and low light levels in June at the eastern Canada site, which are common conditions in that region, reduced C sequestration relative to that of similar ecosystems in central Canada. Furthermore, a general parameterization at a monthly time resolution was sufficient for characterizing the physiological response of all three black spruce ecosystems to environmental conditions. In the second research chapter (Chap. 4), the C balance and the response of C exchange to environmental conditions of a mature and a recently harvested black spruce site in eastern Canada were quantified. The C balance of these black spruce ecosystems was more affected by their respective developmental stage than by inter-annual climate variability. The response of C exchange to environmental factors showed a greater between- and within-year variability at the harvested site due to the dynamic structure of the vegetation. The third research chapter (Chap. 5) examined forest floor C exchange for a mature black spruce site in eastern Canada measured on different microsites. Soil respiration and forest floor photosynthesis accounted for 76-88% and 16-17% of total ecosystem respiration photosynthesis, respectively. The observed differences of the response of soil respiration to environmental factors suggest that microsite can reflect the spatial variability of soil respiration. All three of these studies provide valuable information for parameterizing and modeling the response of boreal forests to climate variability and to ecological disturbance.

The mass and the motet are the most important musical components of the Catholic liturgy. The development of vocal polyphony in the Medieval Period culminated in the perfection of these forms in the sixteenth century. The purpose of this thesis is to give an account of the development of religious monody and polyphony that led to the inception of the motet in the early part of the thirteenth century; to show the development of the motet through the sixteenth century; to give a more detailed analysis of the style of Palestrina; and to emphasize the analysis with a stylistic examination of a Palestrina motet.

Etiquetas de sequências expressas (ESTs) são fundamentais para a identificação de genes no genoma humano e para definir características de expressão gênica. Neste trabalho, descrevemos uma nova abordagem para a geração de bibliotecas de cDNA, utilizando iniciadores arbitrários para a produção, por PCR, de mini-bibliotecas a partir de mRNA derivado de câncer de mama. Clones destas bibliotecas foram sequenciadas para gerar 6029 ESTs. Utilizando esta abordagem, foi possível observar uma significante normalização das diferentes sub-populações de mRNA e amplificação preferencial de porções centrais dos genes. Análise bioinformática destas sequências mostra que 3.350 ESTs (56%) tem similaridade significante a sequências de DNA e/ou cDNA já conhecidas (sequências anotadas) descritas em diferentes organismos, e 1509 ESTs (25%) não possuem qualquer similaridade a diferentes bancos de dados. Dentre as sequências anotadas, identificamos algumas sequências com alta similaridade a genes conhecidos em diferentes organismos, indicando a descoberta de alguns genes homólogos possivelmente envolvidos com processos carcinogênicos. Como exemplo, isolamos e caracterizamos parcialmente (i) uma nova isoforma do gene NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1), o qual é pouco expresso em tumores coloretais, (ii) um novo gene da família de semaforinas (moléculas de motilidade axonal) que apresenta uma baixa expressão em linhagens celulares de glioblastoma tratadas com ácido retinóico, um agente antitumoral e (iii) o gene ortólogo humano Notch 2, aparentemente superexpresso em tumores mamários com maior malignidade. / Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are of fundamental importance for the identification of genes within the human genome and defining gene expression characteristics. In this work, we describe a new approach for generating cDNA libraries using essentially arbitrary primers to construct PCR-based minilibraries from breast tumor mRNA. Clones from these libraries were sequenced to generate 6,029 ESTs. Using this approach, we were able to observe a significant normalization of the different mRNA subpopulations and a preferential amplification of the central portions of the genes. Bioinformatic analysis of these sequences shows that 3,350 ESTs (56%) have significant similarity to known DNA and/or cDNA sequences (annotated sequences) from different organisms and 1,509 ESTs (25%) show no similarity to any sequences on different databases. From the annotated sequences, we have identified some sequences with high similarity to known genes from different organisms, indicating the discovery of some homologous genes possibly correlated with carcinogenic processes. For instance, we have isolated and partially characterized (i) a new NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1) isoform which is downregulated in colorectal tumors, (ii) a novel semaphorin member of axon guidance molecules that is down-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines treated with all-trans-retinoic acid, an anti-tumor agent and (iii) the ortolog Notch 2 human gene, apparenty overexpressed in breast tumors with higher malignancy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:46:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 463169.pdf: 1702873 bytes, checksum: 3dd01910cfcd7650664bb8bb281bb6db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Having in view the complex configuration of the social agents that, either direct or indirectly, make up the non-mandatory Institution of the On-the job-trainings in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which involves students, companies, schools, and on-the-job training integration agents, this dissertation, by means of an exploratory qualitative researching, based on the Sociological Theory of Pierre Bourdieu, has the central target of examining the social dynamics that supports the program, mainly considering the way of organization and the influence that the several on-the-job-training agents exert on it. Considering, furthermore, the changes caused by the recent legislation on the non-mandatory on-the-job training, which has tried to bring back its pedagogical purposes and to humanize the relations between trainees and firms, the second focusing of this paper approaches the possible consequences resulting from such legislation for the program. / Tendo em vista a complexa configura??o de agentes sociais que, direta ou indiretamente, comp?em o Instituto dos Est?gios n?o obrigat?rios no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a qual envolve estudantes, empresas, institui??es de ensino e agentes de integra??o de est?gios, a presente disserta??o, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de car?ter explorat?rio e tendo como base a Teoria Sociol?gica de Pierre Bourdieu, possui como objetivo central examinar a din?mica social que sustenta o programa, sobremodo quanto ? forma de organiza??o e ? influ?ncia que os diversos agentes de integra??o de est?gios exercem sobre ele. Considerando, ainda, as altera??es trazidas pela ?ltima legisla??o aos est?gios n?o obrigat?rios, a qual procurava resgatar seus prop?sitos pedag?gicos e humanizar as rela??es entre estagi?rios e empresas, o segundo foco deste estudo recai sobre as poss?veis consequ?ncias advindas desta legisla??o para o programa.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-11T19:26:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Jucier Gon?alves dos Santos.pdf: 904185 bytes, checksum: e9081641f732b104863e0afdb54ced8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Jucier Gon?alves dos Santos.pdf: 904185 bytes, checksum: e9081641f732b104863e0afdb54ced8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30 / The goal of this research was to investigate the role that the required period of training performs in the formation of a farming technician of Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Cear? ? Campus Crato, from the perspective of the students. As we know, the mandatory training period is a complementary stage of the learning process and involves a pedagogical structure, from a suitable curriculum to small actions in the school environment, so that we can turn this activity into a reflexive action to develop a coherent relation between practice and theory. We chose the qualitative approach aiming to achieve a better comprehension and to give meanings to the analyzed phenomena. The instruments used to collect the data were questionnaires with open questions. The target of this research was the former students of the Integrated Technician Course who finished in 2010. These instruments enabled us to identify some discrepancies related to the articulation between school, training, and the job market, which have been compromising the role of the farming technician in his/her area of insertion. It's important to highlight that, in addition to these aspects, we aimed to gather specific laws and decrees which influenced the development of this work in Brazil. We endeavored, also, to approach the training practice in a perspective of approximation between propaedeutic and technical teaching, taken as able to provide the student with education to face the challenges of the world of work. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o papel que o est?gio curricular obrigat?rio (ECO) vem desempenhando na forma??o do T?cnico em Agropecu?ria do Instituto Federal de Educa??o do Cear?, Campus Crato, a partir da perspectiva dos discentes. Como se sabe, o est?gio Curricular Obrigat?rio ? uma etapa de complementaridade do processo de aprendizagem e envolve uma estrutura pedag?gica que vai desde curr?culos adequados at? pequenas a??es no ?mbito do ambiente escolar, a fim de que se possa fazer dessa atividade uma a??o reflexiva com vista a desenvolver de forma coesa a rela??o entre teoria e pr?tica. Para melhor interpreta??o e atribuir significados aos fen?menos analisados, fizemos op??o por uma abordagem qualitativa. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram question?rios com perguntas abertas que tiveram como alvo os alunos egressos do Curso Integrado de T?cnico em Agropecu?ria (CITA), do ano de 2010. Esses instrumentos nos possibilitaram identificar algumas discrep?ncias em rela??o ? articula??o entre escola, est?gio e mundo do trabalho, as quais v?m comprometendo a fun??o do T?cnico em Agropecu?ria na sua ?rea de inser??o. ? importante registrar que al?m desses aspectos, procuramos elencar leis e decretos espec?ficos que influenciaram o desenvolvimento dessa atividade no Brasil. Buscamos, tamb?m, abordar a pr?tica do est?gio numa perspectiva de aproxima??o entre ensino proped?utico e t?cnico, entendidos como capazes de potencializar ao educando uma forma??o para enfrentamento das incertezas do mundo do trabalho.

Esta pesquisa busca, tendo como eixo principal Chris Marker e o filme Le fond de lair est rouge, fazer uma retrospectiva histórica dos principais debates na experiência do cinema-militante francês. Com um caráter introdutório e a partir daí construir alguns apontamentos iniciais para uma interpretação crítica do filme. Através desta aventura político-cinematográfica comentar um fragmento do que se oculta atrás das barricadas da memória. / This research aims, having as an leit-motif Chris Marker and the film Le fond de l\'air est rouge, making a historical retrospective of the major debates on the experience of French militant cinema, introductory in nature and serving as first notes to a critical interpretation of the film. Through this cinematics and politics adventure it trys to make a comment on a fragment of what is hidden behind the barricades of memory.

Les similitudes entre les mécanismes neurotoxiques responsables des encéphalopathies spongiformes Transmissibles (EST) et des synucléinoapthies, ainsi que la présence concomitante des formes pathologiques de la protéine prion et de l’α-synucléine au sein d’une même maladie neurodégénérative sont deux observations qui nous ont conduits à étudier les relations existant potentiellement entre les altérations moléculaires de l’α-synucléine et les maladies à prion. Après avoir développé des anticorps monoclonaux en immunisant avec de l’α-synucléine recombinante humaine des souris n’exprimant pas de façon endogène cet immunogène, nous avons caractérisé les altérations moléculaires de l’α-synucléine apparaissant conjointement à une symptomatologie motrice sévère lors du vieillissement de souris transgéniques (TgM83) surexprimant l’α-synucléine humaine mutée en A53T. Les essais d’inoculation intracérébrale de souris TgM83 par différentes souches de prion ont mis en évidence que la transmission de l’encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine de type H permet de déclencher chez ces animaux une maladie à prion de façon concomitante au développement d’altérations moléculaires de l’α-synucléine. Enfin, l’importante accélération de la pathologie liée a l’α-synucléine observée chez des souris TgM83 ayant été inoculées par des tissus contenant des formes altérées de l’α-synucléine, constitue un résultat soutenant le fait que la pathologie liée a l’α-synucléine serait capable de se propager expérimentalement de proche en proche, comme la protéine prion pathologique au cours des EST / The overlap of neurotoxic mecanisms involved in prion diseases and synucleinopathies, and the concomitant detection of pathological forms of prion and α-synuclein in a same neurodegenerative disease, raise questions about the existence of potential relationship between α‐synuclein molecular alteration and prion diseases. First, we developed monoclonal antibodies by immunizing mice presenting a spontaneous deletion of the α-synuclein gene with human recombinant α‐synuclein. Then, we characterized the molecular alterations appearing jointly to clinical signs during the aging of a transgenic mouse model of synucleinopathies (TgM83), overexpressing human A53T α‐synuclein. Then, an approach routinely done in the field of prion was used to trigger a synucleinopathy alongside a prion disease. For this purpose, TgM83 mice were inoculated intracerebrally by three different prion strains : transmission of H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy allows the onset of a prion disease concomitantly to the α‐synuclein pathology developed by the TgM83 mouse model. Finally, intracerebral inoculation of TgM83 mice with brain homogenates from symptomatic mice affected by a synucleinopathy triggers an important acceleration of the α‐synuclein pathology, resulting in the early onset of motor clinical signs associated with molecular alterations of α-synuclein. These data suggest that α-synuclein alterations can be experimentally transmitted from one mouse to another, supporting the idea that, far from being confined to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, the « prion-like » propagation of misfolded neuronal proteins might occur in synucleinopathies

Cette recherche a pour but de présenter une étude de cas d'un organisme de développement local à l'intérieur d'un milieu périphérique. Cette recherche tente de cerner les impacts de la présence d'un tel organisme sur son territoire d'intervention. Pour ce faire, nous avons retenu le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est dans la région du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Celle-ci présente les traits typiques d'un milieu périphérique: secteur traditionnel en déclin, taux de chômage élevé, dévitalisation du milieu rural, etc. Cette recherche vise plusieurs objectifs. Dans un premier temps, déterminer les outils d'intervention qui sont utilisés par le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est et s'interroger sur leur pertinence en regard des besoins et réalités de la collectivité locale de la MRC. Dans un deuxième temps, mettre en lumière les effets des choix décisionnels du CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est sur la localisation d'entreprises en analysant les types d'entreprises qui découlent de ces choix. Pour y arriver, nous présentons un portrait socioéconomique de la MRC de Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, territoire d'intervention du CLD, ainsi qu'une analyse approfondie provenant des rapports annuels et autres documents concernant les 134 entreprises soutenues financièrement par le CLD. Cette analyse des entreprises soutenues financièrement présente des données, entre autres, sur le secteur d'activité, les types d'intervention, la durée de vie des entreprises et leur répartition sur le territoire. Ainsi, à la lumière des résultats, nous sommes arrivés à plusieurs conclusions. Une dichotomie du dynamisme entrepreneurial au niveau local entre les municipalités du nord et celles situées au sud de la MRC est mise en lumière. De plus, il semble que le moteur de richesses et de surplus organisationnels se retrouve dans la ville d'Alma. Cette ville semble littéralement drainer les municipalités locales voisines. La superficie du territoire des municipalités locales présente une certaine corrélation avec le nombre d'entreprises pour le secteur sud, car une diversité des ressources territoriales semble favoriser une diversification des activités. La viabilité des entreprises soutenues par le CLD confirme la justesse et la pertinence des choix décisionnels de ce dernier. D'ailleurs, le rôle de consolidation du CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est a été sous-estimé. Finalement, l'importance accordée à l'économie sociale particulièrement pour les entreprises dans le secteur des arts, de la culture et des loisirs est à souligner. En conclusion, nous montrons que le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est chapeaute et mobilise une collectivité locale au dynamisme bien présent qui repose essentiellement sur la puissance économique de sa ville centre. Pour une région périphérique aux prises avec des difficultés économiques, ce résultat peut surprendre. Le CLD Lac-Saint-Jean Est a su mobiliser et exploiter les forces de son territoire d'intervention en le dotant d'outils flexibles adaptés aux réalités socioéconomiques des milieux locaux. Or, sans la mobilisation des acteurs et des ressources locales, le portrait n'aurait peut-être pas été le même. Ceci a été visible tant dans la composition interne du CLD que dans les orientations qu'il s'est données. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Développement local, CLD, PME, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, MRC Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Territoire, Économie sociale, Gouvernance locale, Développement régional, Politique, Région périphérique, Entrepreneuriat, Dévitalisation, Municipalité locale.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArtemisaAS_DISSERT_Pag1_ate_pag80.pdf: 3092024 bytes, checksum: 84093abb355c05bcb8f86787cc620cc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / In order for this study to be developed, the central goal on our investigation was defined as analyzing and interpreting the aesthetical experiences meanings lived by singers-educators in the human formation. The interest for the aesthetical experience theme was built from my own experience for the last twelve years as a member of the School of Music Madrigal, the oldest group in the State Federal University, created for research and cultural extension with structural perspective which brings closer teachers, students and the outer community that comes from different social realities to face the challenge of combining the ability of singing, the corporeity involvement and the aesthetical experiences meanings. This paper points out the understanding of art as perceptive expression of human emotions, such as the creation of existential demand, the restructuring of oneself and the constructions which shape beauty. We seek a dense contribution of new challenges to the peculiar demand of human potential in terms of sensibility repertoire, of involvement, of expectation in magnifying the possibilities and the human and social competences. In the formation human process, we find a living field blooming with natural artistical possibilities, experimenting emotions and feelings shared in collective life, and bringing out impulses to unexpected ludic creation, establishing a powerful aesthetical ambience which highlights the symbolic and imaginary with the deepening of rich ludopoiese properties in several meanings. From the guiding principles of etnophenomenology we find structural and indispensable perspectives which contemplate values, desires, archtype images and ideas that impress originality and fertility to the study. On this path we understand the abundance of living moments of intense commitment, acquaintance, challenges, reunions and connections that stand out from fundamental aspects to freedom, autonomy, creativity and new discontinuities. This acknowledgement brings us closer to the enlighted fullness which makes us humans / Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo definimos como objetivo central de nossa investiga??o analisar e interpretar os significados das experi?ncias est?ticas vivenciadas por cantoreseducadores no processo de forma??o humanescente. O interesse pelo tema da experi?ncia est?tica foi constru?do a partir de minha pr?pria experi?ncia h? doze anos como cantora do Madrigal da Escola de M?sica, grupo de extens?o mais antigo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, um espa?o criado para a pesquisa e extens?o cultural com perspectiva estrutural que aproxima docentes, discentes e comunidade externa oriundos de diferentes realidades sociais para o desafio de combinar a habilidade do canto coral, o envolvimento da corporeidade e os significados de suas experi?ncias est?ticas. Este estudo aponta para o entendimento de arte como sendo express?o perceptiva de emo??es humanas, como cria??o de exig?ncia existencial, de reestrutura??o de si e de constru??es que d?o forma ? beleza. Busca-se uma contribui??o densa de novos desafios ? exig?ncia peculiar do potencial humano em termos de repert?rio de sensibilidades, do envolvimento, da expectativa em ampliar as possibilidades e as compet?ncias humanas e sociais. No processo de forma??o humanescente, encontramos o campo fecundo para usufruir possibilidades art?sticas espont?neas, experimentar emo??es e sentimentos partilhados na vida em grupo, provocar impulsos para cria??o l?dica inusitada, estabelecer uma ambi?ncia est?tica potencializadora que evidencia o simb?lico e o imagin?rio com o aprofundamento das propriedades da ludopoiese ricas em significados diversos. A partir de princ?pios norteadores da etnofenomenologia encontramos perspectivas estruturantes e indispens?veis que contemplam valores, desejos, imagens arquet?picas e ideias que imprimem originalidade e fecundidade ao estudo. Nesse percurso compreendemos a abund?ncia de momentos vivenciais de intenso comprometimento, conviv?ncia, desafios, reencontros e conex?es que despontam em aspectos fundamentais para a liberdade, autonomia, criatividade e novas descontinuidades. Esse reconhecimento nos aproxima da plenitude luminosa para humanescer

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SmallyGM_DISSERT.pdf: 498597 bytes, checksum: 61a4b7c8073dafdc2ef9922698771f28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-08 / This paper is divided into three chapters, which are structured as follows: in the first chapter, we examine the figure of death and its characteristics in the context of the work of Guimar?es Rosa, within a specific type, determining how this figure comes through " imposition "," no "," memory "and" ritual. " We intend to cover all the possibilities that this aspect denotes. In the second chapter, we found the incidence of the mirror as an analysis of our study, characterizing it as a stylistic condition can become a reading key, necessary for interpretation of the book "First Stories". The characterization of the mirror as an element of analysis has a theoretical foundation which stretches out along other literary works that are based on the same object. By setting the points where these works approach the theories of speculation, we want to justify their use from our perspective / O presente trabalho divide-se em tr?s cap?tulos, que constituem a seguinte estrutura: no primeiro cap?tulo, analisamos a figura da morte e suas caracter?sticas no contexto da obra de Guimar?es Rosa, dentro de uma tipologia espec?fica, determinando como essa figura surge atrav?s de imposi??o , aus?ncia , mem?ria e ritual . Com isso, pretendemos abranger todas as possibilidades que esse aspecto denota. No segundo cap?tulo, observamos a incid?ncia do espelho como elemento de an?lise de nosso estudo, caracterizando como uma condi??o estil?stica pode se tornar uma chave de leitura, necess?ria ? interpreta??o do livro Primeiras Est?rias . A caracteriza??o do espelho como elemento de an?lise possui uma fundamenta??o te?rica que se descortina ao longo de outras obras liter?rias que t?m por base o mesmo objeto. Ao estabelecer os pontos em que tais obras se aproximam das teorias da especularidade, pretendemos justificar seu uso sob nossa perspectiva