- Galina Wood, 2015 Lahij, the Living Heritage of Azerbaijan This research explores the various aspects of identity pertaining to the traditional, bilin- gual mountainous community of Lahij. Azerbaijan is little known and its minorities are largely under-researched. Previous work done by Russian and Azerbaijani linguists described grammatical features of the Tat language, and SIL-led linguistic field surveys by J. Clifton addressed some sociolinguistic attitudes, yet the Tat people, particularly the Lahij people, remain unknown. This is the first time the Lahij community, which preserved a relict Southwest Iranian language and a unique culture, is a topic of inter-disciplinary research in English language. Resources such as Russian and Azeri literature and Western works dealing with related dis- ciplines and issues (historical, socio-linguistical, anthropological etc.) are discussed, aiming to reach a balanced and informed perspective. To present the nuances and dynamics of the emic (insider) versus etic (outsider) points of view, anthropological methods of participant observation, structured interview and narrative analysis are used. Research was done while residing long term in Azerbaijan, and spending significant amounts of time in Lahij. The sociolinguistic climate of Post-Soviet nation...

This phenomenological qualitative study aimed to forefront international students’ experiences of receiving counselling services in a university setting. Three international students, recruited from two universities in eastern Canada using criterion sampling, were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for analysis. In this phenomenological qualitative study, within- and between-person analyses were conducted for three transcribed interviews, from which eight main themes emerged: (a) openness towards seeking counselling, (b) hesitancy towards seeking counselling, (c) helpful aspects of counselling, (d) hindering aspects of counselling, (e) positive aspects of therapeutic relationship, (f) hindrances to therapeutic relationship, (g) counsellor’s cultural awareness, and (h) counsellor’s limited cultural awareness. The themes can be understood, and are explicated along four dimensions: seeking counselling, perceptions of counselling effectiveness, therapeutic relationship, and culture in counselling. The results from this study provide insight into international students’ counselling needs, expectations, and experiences. Special attention is given to the perceived expression of in-session counsellor cultural awareness and discussed using the integrated etic-emic framework. Implications for counsellors and university counselling services, limitations of the study, and recommendations for future research are provided.

This diploma thesis is focused on corporate social responsibility. It analyses current situation in area of CSR incompanies situated in Czech Technology Park Brno. Further it analyses attitude to this topic from point of view of the czech company TOS – Kuřim OS, a.s. specialized in civil engineering. It includes suggestions how to strenghten corporate environment and reliability as well as the image of the company.

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Sweden, being a multicultural society, has an increased need for transcultural care. The purpose of this literature review is to provide, through Madeleine Leinger's Culture Care-theory and her Sunrise model, a greater knowledge to nurses and to other professions within the health care units in meeting with circumcised or genitally mutilated girls or women. The result is based upon two scientific dissertations and nine scientific studies. It emerged mainly the etic (outsider) perspective. To underline the emic (insider) perspective, pure literature and fiction have been used. The result shows that seven out of twelve factors from the Sunrise model helps the nurse to behave in a culture congruent way, related to an emic and etic- prospective. The factors are cultural values, belief and lifeways, kinship and social factors, language and communication, religion and philosophical factors, political and legal factors, technological factors, educational factors. Even more, the result also shows the importance of health care professionals' knowledge and understanding of circumcised or genitally mutilated girls or women and of their culture, as well as the importance of always keeping the genus perspective in mind. This review proposes a way for nurses on how to handle difficulties which they may encounter in meeting with circumcised or genitally mutilated girls or women. / I och med att Sverige är ett mångkulturellt samhälle finns det ett ökat behov av transkulturell omvårdnad. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att med hjälp av Madeleine Leiningers Culture Care - teori och hennes Sunrise-modell, ge ökad kunskap för sjuksköterskor och andra professioner inom vården i bemötandet av omskurna eller könsstympade flickor eller kvinnor. Resultatet baseras på två vetenskapliga avhandlingar och nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Där framkom främst etic perspektivet (utifrån). Skönlitteratur används för att ge emic perspektivet (inifrån). I resultatet framkommer att sju av tolv faktorer i Sunrise-modellen visar sig ge sjuksköterskan ett kulturkongruent bemötande, kopplat till ett emic- och etic-perpektiv. Faktorerna är kulturellt betingade värderingar och livsstilar, släktband och sociala faktorer, språk och kommunikation, religion och filosofiska faktorer, politiska och juridiska faktorer, teknologiska faktorer, utbildningsfaktorer. Dessutom framkommer vikten av sjukvårdpersonalens kunskap och förståelse för omskurna eller könsstympade flickor och kvinnor och deras kultur, samt vikten av att ha ett genusperspektiv i åtanke. Utifrån resultatet framkommer hur sjuksköterskor kan hantera svårigheter som kan uppstå i mötet med omskurna eller könsstympade flickor och kvinnor.

Reiki is a hands-on healing method classified as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that helps the body relax and heal itself, according to its practitioners. Sessions involve practitioners channeling energy to the client to assist this process. The consensus within the Reiki community is that Mikao Usui discovered the method while he was on Mount Kurama in 1922. There is ample research on the efficacy of Reiki in healthcare, but very few researchers have investigated its characteristics related to religiosity and rituals. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to examine Reiki as a secular sacred phenomenon and how it can be understood as such. This thesis also discusses how rituals in Reiki can be understood using other research on rituals. There is also a comparative analysis of Reiki rituals, focusing on three of them and how they differ between four Reiki Masters where three have studied with the same Reiki Master Teacher. The rituals are gassho, a meditation ritual; kenyoku-ho, a cleansing ritual; and, finally, reiji-ho, a direction ritual. The search for academic sources has been a major obstacle to overcome. Firstly, there is very little research on Reiki as a spiritual phenomenon or Reiki as a ritualistic phenomenon; most etic studies have focused on effects or possible benefits. Sources from within the Reiki community (emic sources) tend to make statements without clear evidence. Furthermore, some etic sources use emic sources to support their statements.

The dissertation consists of an introduction and three empirical articles. The introduction gives the theoretical background, integrates the three articles, and elaborates on future research questions. The first article investigates the important decision in the lives of German and Indian university students to identify the important areas of decision making. The second article examines the structure of real life decision making and reveals the underlying factors of five major decision areas. The third article investigates the similarities and differences on decision making between German and Indian students using prior qualitative findings in a large quantitative survey.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 o jeito do corpo e o jeitinho brasileiro.pdf: 553616 bytes, checksum: e896fd49b772b8fcee781d7694d2c2d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this dissertation, the jeitinho brasileiro is seen as a communication attitude which starts in the body, and it is investigated according to two aspects: the cognitive and the cultural. We understand the Way as a cognitive and communicative process, rooted in Brazilian culture through the jeitinho brasileiro. The Way takes us to the relationship between the universal and the particular, a basic theoretical structure developed during the historical patriarchy to hold the stability, which can be reached through cognitive capacity, and the unstable aspect experienced in the immediate relationship contingencies, in the body s relation with nature. In this system, the unstable aspect the body experiences under the circumstances should be beaten by the stability provided by the exactness of cognition. In this structure, communication has a persuasive aspect. However, another tradition has been conquering important space since the 20th century. This other tradition proposes that cognition is attached to continuous transformation, which suggests a change in the philosophy mainstream. The hypothesis that the Way corresponds to the shape communication takes in the forces of situation, is developed inside a tradition that corresponds to pre-patriarchal societies. The communication characteristic of this tradition is alterity. This thesis shares the position that the mind is basically embodied; the philosophy process is linked to the sensory-motor system of the human body. This line accepts a universal approach of what mankind is like, but also demands an understanding of the singular process of human life. The conception that human is equal according to the law characterizes the institutions of the countries in the Northern Hemisphere. In Brazil, this conception is enriched by the conception of equality considering the human condition. This is a substantial, body-related, equality that values understanding the forces of circumstances, compassion, and communicative capability. Therefore, the jeitinho brasileiro targets the perception of cultural, social and human processes and structures, which are different from those that support modern institutions, to which it doesn t submit. In order to consolidate this proposal, two thinkers were fundamental: José Ângelo Gaiarsa and Oswald de Andrade. Moreover, Lívia Barbosa s support was also very important. / Nesta tese o jeitinho brasileiro é visto como uma atitude comunicativa que nasce no corpo e é investigado sob dois aspectos: cognitivo e cultural. Entende o jeito como um processo cognitivo e comunicativo afirmado na cultura brasileira, através do jeitinho. O jeitinho remete à relação entre o universal e o particular, cuja estrutura teórica básica, desenvolvida durante o patriarcado histórico, abriga a estabilidade, que pode ser alcançada por capacidades cognitivas, e a instabilidade, vivida pelas contingências da relação imediata, corpo a corpo, com a natureza. Assim, a instabilidade vivida pelos corpos na circunstância deve ser vencida pela estabilidade propiciada pela exatidão da cognição. Nesta estrutura, a comunicação tem um caráter persuasivo. No entanto, uma outra tradição de pensamento vem conquistando espaço significativo desde o século XX, e entende que a cognição está comprometida com a transformação contínua, o que sugere uma mudança no eixo oficial da filosofia. A hipótese de que o jeito corresponde à forma que a comunicação toma nas forças da situação, é desenvolvida dentro desta tradição. Nesta, a característica da comunicação é a alteridade. Esta tese compartilha da posição que acredita que a mente é fundamentalmente corporada, trata-se da concepção de um filosofar ligado ao sistema sensório-motor do corpo humano. Este caminho aceita um abordagem universal sobre como é o homem, mas exige a compreensão das singularidades dos processos da vida humana. Nos países do hemisfério norte a concepção de igualdade corresponde à igualdade perante à lei. No Brasil, à igualdade perante a lei é somada a igualdade da condição humana, uma igualdade substancial, relacionada com o corpo, que permite valorizar as forças das circunstâncias, a compaixão e a capacidade comunicativa. O jeitinho brasileiro aponta, portanto, para uma compreensão de processos e estruturas humanas, culturais e sociais diferentes daquelas que apoiam as instituições modernas, às quais não se submete. Na consolidação dos argumentos aqui necessários, dois pensadores foram fundantes: José Ângelo Gaiarsa e Oswald de Andrade, com o apoio indispensável de Lívia Barbosa.

Suicide represents a major problem for all members of society. Findings from studies have shown that suicide risk is among the highest in young adult populations. Although a variety of factors have been identified in trying to predict suicide risk in young adults, one variable that has received considerable attention has been social disconnectedness. For example, according to Joiner’s (2005) theory of suicide, being socially disconnected from others represents a critical factor that heightens a person’s risk for suicide. Consistent with this view, findings from numerous studies have shown a reliable association between loneliness and suicide risk (Hatcher & Stubbersfield, 2013). For example, Chang and his colleagues (Chang et al., 2015; Chang, Muyan, & Hirsch, 2015; Muyan & Chang, 2015) have found a reliable association between loneliness and greater suicide risk (e.g., hopelessness, suicidal behaviors) in diverse cultural groups. Indeed, in one study, Chang, Hirsch, Sanna, Jeglic, and Fabian (2011) found that loneliness was an important predictor of suicide risk in Latina college students. Although these findings are important and point to the potential value of loneliness as a predictor of suicide risk in diverse adult groups, they do not take into account more culture- specific variables. Accordingly, we conducted the present study to examine the extent to which culture- specific (emic) variables might play an important role in predicting suicide risk, and to also determine if the inclusion of a general (etic) explanatory variable would add to the prediction of suicide risk, namely, hopelessness and suicidal behaviors, in a sample of 155 Latino college students. We conducted a pair of regression analyses including demographic variables (viz., age & sex) in the First Step, ethnic identity variables (ethnic affirmation, ethnic identity achievement, ethnic behaviors, & other group orientation; Phinney, 1992) in the Second Step, and loneliness (Russell, Peplau, & Curtrona, 1980) in the final Third Step, in predicting hopelessness and suicidal behaviors. Results of these analyses for both outcomes indicated that demographic variables did not account for significant variance in suicide risk. However, ethnic identity variables, as a set, were found to account for a significant 11% of the variance in hopelessness, and a significant 10% of the variance in suicide behaviors. Noteworthy, the inclusion of loneliness was found to account for an additional 19% of unique variance in hopelessness, and an additional 13% of unique variance in suicidal behaviors. Taken together, our findings underscore the importance of considering both emic and etic factors in trying to identify variables that may place Latinos at heightened risk for suicide. Additionally, our findings also point to the potential value of targeting specific ethnic identity variables (e.g., ethnic identity achievement) as well as loneliness when working with Latinos at risk for suicide.

Abstract This thesis explores the integration of work practice and system design in deliberating upon how to increase the sensitivity of system design towards everyday work practice. The attempt to make work practice visible and intelligible for system design necessarily relates to two very different bodies of knowledge: the actual work activities and knowledge of practitioners, and what is considered relevant information for requirements analysis in system design. The strategy of this work comprises the integration of ethnographically informed study of work practice and participatory design by drawing on the longitudinal fieldwork of studying technologically mediated radiology work and promoting work practice based participatory design interventions into technology projects in the clinic of radiology. The adopted theoretical attitude of interweaving construction and reconstruction necessitates questioning and reconfiguring some of the taken-for-granted assumptions of disciplinary dichotomies and conventional frames of reference both with regard to ethnographic traditions focused on current practices as well as technology-centered and future-oriented system design. Radiology, with its ongoing and complex transition from film-based to digitally mediated work, has provided the concrete setting for thinking about the relations between researcher, designer and work practice practitioner in an attempt to find ways in which to sensitise system design towards everyday work practice. Establishing the relevance between ethnographic findings of work and design specifications requires a reformulation of work practice that appreciates the everyday fluency of work practice and recognises the endogenous change for the needs of system design. The possibilities of extending the multivoiced expertise prevalent in participatory design with an explicit interest on emic-etic views and knowledges inherent within ethnographic traditions is explored through reflecting on the changing researcher knowledge and location. The reflections are also used in developing a tool for work practice oriented participatory design and in constructing the role of participant interventionist. Through mutual exploration and constructive collaboration of ethnographic and participatory design traditions as well as scrutiny of actual design sessions, the dimensions of analytic distance, horizon of work practice transformations and situated generalisation are put forward as general interactions of work practice sensitive participatory design.