The aim with this essay is to increase knowledge about female genital mutilation by using stories from circumcised women to shed light on the background of the practice's continuation and its consequences for women's quality of life. Through qualitative interviews with women and a theoretical framework that includes concepts of stigma, back stage/front stage, power, and honor, women's experiences of genital mutilation were examined. The results show that women experienced physical, mental, and social consequences of genital mutilation and that there was a strong cultural and social influence on the decision to perform the procedure. The conclusions are that more research is needed to understand and stop female genital mutilation. To combat the phenomenon, it is suggested that education, information, and societal changes be used to increase awareness of the negative consequences of genital mutilation. / Denna uppsats syftar till att öka kunskapen om kvinnlig könsstympning genom att använda könsstympade kvinnors berättelser för att sedan belysa bakgrunden till ingreppets fortlevnad och dess konsekvenser för kvinnornas livskvalitet. Studiens syfte och frågeställningar kommer att besvaras med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnor och en teoretisk referensram som inkluderar begreppen stigma, back stage/front stage, makt och heder samt undersöktes kvinnors erfarenheter av könsstympning. Studiens resultat visar att kvinnorna upplever fysiska, psykiska och sociala konsekvenser av könsstympning samt att det finns en stark kulturell och social påverkan på beslutet att utföra ingreppet. Slutsatserna är att det behövs mer forskning för att förstå och stoppa kvinnlig könsstympning. För att bekämpa fenomenet föreslås det att man arbetar med utbildning, information och samhällsförändringar för att öka medvetenheten om de negativa konsekvenserna av könsstympning.

The expansion of globalization continues to increase the rate at which people move across borders, work and live in countries different from their countries of origin. To ease the migration and integration of immigrants, several countries now offer dual citizenship to their citizens and immigrants willing to naturalize in their country. This has led to a substantial increase in the number of people holding dual citizenship globally. While this has achieved the purpose of immigrant integration, there is a popular concern that it might lead to a case of divided loyalty where individuals with dual citizenship show more loyalty to one of their states than to the other. In light of this, this study explored the loyalty of citizens in Malmo, Sweden to Sweden as their host country and their respective countries of origin.   This study adopted a cross-sectional qualitative survey methodology. Eight inhabitants of Malmo, Sweden were recruited as the study participants using a snowballing sampling technique. A face-to-face interview session guided by a semi-structured interview guide was used as the data collection instrument. The loyalty of study participants was evaluated using four metrics including self-identification, social activity, economic activity and political activity involvement following the communitarianism theory of citizenship.    The socio-demographic profile of the study participants showed that four of them emigrated from Asia, three from Africa and one from Europe. Five of the study participants were male and the other three were female. Seven of them were also employed and only one was unemployed. In addition, all the participants have spent at least six years residing in Sweden.  The results of the study showed that the majority of dual citizens in Sweden prefer to identify with their home country than to identify as a Swede. Also, dual citizens in Malmo, Sweden engage in social, economic and political activities in Sweden more than they do in their home countries. The study concluded that dual citizens in Sweden are more loyal to their host country (Sweden) than they are to their host country. However, this finding mostly applies to immigrants from developing countries as they are the only ones involved in this study as study participants.

This research explores the experiences of second-generation Palestinians in Sweden. It assesses the dynamics of identity negotiation within a multicultural context. While employing a qualitative approach, the study focuses on ten participants' acculturation strategies, linguistic competencies, coping mechanisms, and societal perceptions. The findings show a spectrum of strategies, from integrative approaches that embrace the two cultures to assimilation tendencies aligning with Swedish norms. Language proficiency is crucial to social integration and employment opportunities. It demonstrates the relationship between linguistic skills and socioeconomic advantages. Coping strategies include active engagement in cultural events, language maintenance, and seeking support from the Palestinian community. They demonstrate the resilience and creativity shown by individuals navigating dual identities. The study also exposes the emotional toll of perpetually being perceived as outsiders and emphasizes the urgent need for inclusive societal attitudes. Through thematic analysis, the research contributes a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, coping mechanisms, and societal implications inherent in the identity formation of the second-generation population.

This thesis is a qualitative case study that examines the relationship between sexual citizenship and the formation of belonging for Russian LGBTQ people, which is a relatively understudied group, in Sweden. The thesis employs semi-structured interviews to explore the factors influencing the sense of belonging among Russian LGBTQ migrants, particularly focusing on the potential influence of sexual citizenship rights on their formation of belonging into Swedish society. Theoretical frameworks guide the analysis, bridging the concepts of sexual citizenship and belonging at the interface of migration. The results indicate that sexual citizenship rights positively influence migration to Sweden and the formation of belonging among Russian LGBTQ individuals. Sweden's reputation as a country that upholds human rights, and especially its supportive stance on LGBTQ rights, the freedom to live openly as an LGBTQ person and to express one's values were identified as important factors in forming a sense of belonging in Sweden.

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Through a critical analysis of ten Swedish parliamentary debates, this thesis investigates how Swedish naturalization is conceptualized by the Moderates, the Sweden Democrats, and the Social Democrats, which represent Swedish political elites and the broader category of Swedish political discourse. These conceptualizations are deduced through a systematic analysis which operationalizes concepts of support for multiculturalism, representations of citizenship, functions of naturalization, the lightening vs. strengthening trend in naturalization policy, and otherness. Furthermore, by applying a postructural constructivist perspective and conducting discourse analysis using the text dimension and discourse production dimension of Fairclough’s three dimensional model, this thesis contributes a modern contextualization of Swedish naturalization that future researchers can build upon in the rapidly developing area of Swedish naturalization. The value of this research is tied to the poststructural perspective that the production of discourse by political elites reflects and generates contextual meanings that have influence over naturalization decisions and policy.

This thesis aims to analyse how do students at Nantes University understand the principle of laïcité. Indeed, this principle has been a major subject of debate in France since the 1980s in both political and academic spheres. Following a social constructivist approach to science and Baubérot’s developments on the subject, this thesis focuses on the personal perception of students, their definition of laïcité and how they build this definition. The combination of semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis reveals a process through which students reach an understanding. The main sources (educational system, political discourse and mediatic spheres) through which laïcité is first exposed to students are often criticized since they are based on controversial concepts. However, through the mediating role of their identities and personal experiences, students critically examine the different definitions of laïcité and build their own, often based on principles of non-discrimination rather than focusing on religious symbols.

Citizenship laws in Denmark have become more restrictive since the early 2000s. The jus sanguini elements of citizenship hinder descendants of migrants from obtaining citizenship. Despite being born or growing up in the country, they must meet strict requirements to be granted a chance to stay. Additionally, an understanding of a national identity being tied to ethnicity and descent creates barriers for ethnic minorities in Denmark to assert their Danish identity. By conducting in-depth interviews with individuals excluded from citizenship and using the theoretical framework of ethnic identity development, this thesis seeks to explore the connection between citizenship and identity among non-Danish citizens who grew up in the country. The research found that due to the strict requirements and the common understanding of Danish national identity, the research participants were unable to fully explore their national identity, leading to lack of identity achievement.

The subject of this study deals with the work of social workers with unaccompanied children. The problem is presented from a perspective where statistics show that a large proportion of unaccompanied children are compulsorily cared for in youth care for problems such as substance abuse, crime and vagabondage. The study's hypothesis is insofar as there is a problem in the performance of the social services regarding their assignment towards unaccompanied children. Based on the problem, the purpose of the study is to investigate whether social workers experience a problem or obstacle in their work with unaccompanied children in relation to social workers' assignments and professional role, and what factors may have an obstacle. The essay has therefore been carried out according to a qualitative methodology and includes semi-structured interviews with three social workers that describe their experiences of working with unaccompanied children. The conclusions show that the main problems that social workers experience in their work with unaccompanied children are time pressure and a high workload.

As European governments rapidly turn their attention to the implementation of the EU-Turkey agreement, this thesis raises significant questions regarding refugees’ access to international protection. At its core, the agreement aims to address the flow of irregular migrants and asylum seekers traveling across the Mediterranean from Turkey to Greece, by allowing returns of “all irregular migrants”. The aim of this thesis has been to examine if these actions limit two fundamental refugee rights; the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement. If so, are these restrictions legitimate according to Seyla Benhabib’s and Joseph Carens’ theory? These two theoreticians have been chosen because they problematize the conflicting view of state sovereignty in relation to refugees’ rights. This is significant when the state maintains border control and is responsible to prevent refugees from entering the state. This thesis shows that the EU-Turkey agreement is not compatible with the practical obligations of states under international law and the European Union asylum policy, simply because Turkey is not a safe third country for refugees to be sent back to. Thus, the actions within the agreement does restrict refugees’ right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement. These restrictions cannot be considered legitimate, based on the thesis’ theoretical approach. To study the EU-Turkey agreement involves addressing one of the most urgent topics in international law and political theory, as well as providing normative grounds for future migration agreements between states.