This thesis addresses the potential of implementing watt-level class-AB Power Amplifier (PA) for WLAN in 65 nm CMOS technology, at 2.4 GHz frequency. In total, five PAs have been compared, where the examined parameters were output power (Pout), linearity, power added efficiency (PAE), and area consumption. Four PAs were implemented using conventional cascode topology with different combination of transistors sizes in 65nm CMOS, and one PA using a high-voltage Extended Drain MOS (EDMOS) device, implemented in the same 65 nm CMOS with no process or mask changes. All schematics were created using Cadence Virtuoso CAD tools. The test benches were created using the Agilent's Advance Design System ( ADS) and simulated with the ADS-Cadence dynamic link. The simulation results show that the EDMOS PA (L=350 nm) has the smallest area, but has harder to reach the required Pout. Cascode no. 3 (L= 500,260 nm) has the best Pout (29.1 dBm) and PAE (49.5 %). Cascode no. 2 (L= 500,350 nm) has the best linearity (low EVM). Cascode no. 1 (L=500,500 nm) has low Pout (27.7 dBm). Cascode no.4 (L=500,60 nm) has very bad linearity. The thesis also gives an overview for CMOS technology, discusses the most important aspects in RF PAs design, such as Pout, PAE, gain, and matching networks. Different PA classes are also discussed in this thesis.

Positioning and navigation systems play an important role in our daily life, but now most of positioning systems were confined in outdoor environments, most of which were used on transportation. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to develop a Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System (PDRS), which can not only be used to solve a problem of GPS out-of-lock, but also be used in the field of indoor positioning. In dangerous environments, such as the scene of a fire, when the rescue personnel have an accident on himself or discover a wounded who need to be salvaged, if the rescue personnel who has configured the PDRS, then the other rescue personnel can assist them immediately. In the part of hardware system, we used embedded system to be the primary part of the entire system, the embedded system has the characters of low power consumption and portability. Therefore, we chose the TI OMAP35x EVM platform to be our primary system of PDRS. In order to get the information of pedestrian, we also need the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Compass to provide the information of acceleration and heading for PDRS. To achieve the function of remote monitoring, we used wireless transmission module to send data of sensors to OMAP35x EVM. Finally, the most important function that we must accomplish in this thesis is to use OMAP35x EVM to build a real-time PDRS. In the part of software system, we use Linux OS and Qt SDK to build the software system of PDRS in this thesis. In the part of algorithm, we use step detection, step length estimation and dead reckoning method to construct the algorithm of PDRS in this thesis.

This study concentrates on the performance evaluation of a specific modulation scheme under nonlinear operation. This modulation scheme is the phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, exemplified by the special cases of BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, &amp / #960 / /4-QPSK. The specific nonlinear block is chosen to be the solid state power amplifier (SSPA) structure whose simulation model is the Rapp model. Varying transmitter filter characteristic and one of the power amplifier parameters constitute the main methodology of simulations. Bit error rate (BER), error vector magnitude (EVM), and Space Frequency Coordination Group (SFCG) spectral mask constraint are the evaluation parameters taken into account throughout this study. Simulation results support the initial literature survey, which reveals additional features showing how each modulation scheme is affected by various SSPA nonlinearity characteristics.

abstract: Test cost has become a significant portion of device cost and a bottleneck in high volume manufacturing. Increasing integration density and shrinking feature sizes increased test time/cost and reduce observability. Test engineers have to put a tremendous effort in order to maintain test cost within an acceptable budget. Unfortunately, there is not a single straightforward solution to the problem. Products that are tested have several application domains and distinct customer profiles. Some products are required to operate for long periods of time while others are required to be low cost and optimized for low cost. Multitude of constraints and goals make it impossible to find a single solution that work for all cases. Hence, test development/optimization is typically design/circuit dependent and even process specific. Therefore, test optimization cannot be performed using a single test approach, but necessitates a diversity of approaches. This works aims at addressing test cost minimization and test quality improvement at various levels. In the first chapter of the work, we investigate pre-silicon strategies, such as design for test and pre-silicon statistical simulation optimization. In the second chapter, we investigate efficient post-silicon test strategies, such as adaptive test, adaptive multi-site test, outlier analysis, and process shift detection/tracking. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2012

This thesis focuses on support tool for project management. The introduction describes the areas of knowledge management according to current standards of PMI. The focus is placed on the inputs and outputs of each process of all knowledge areas. To demonstrate all the inputs and outputs of processes in order to specify system requirements for transformation the illustrations have been attached. The following chapter investigates the system itself, the process of transformation of inputs to outputs. First of all the requirements specification is created. Requirements are focused on functionality, characteristics and expectations of users. At the selected process in the proposal, in agreement with the supervisor, three methods are selected. Transformation of inputs to output is described in these methods. The system should be designed with regard to the appropriate visualization of the outputs of these three methods. The thorough analysis of the results obtained is presented in the final chapter along with the students' personal contribution and the possible future development.

[pt] Nos últimos anos, as bandas de frequências nas comunicações sem fio estão começando a saturar devido ao incremento do tráfego e o aumento dos usuários, é devido a isso que, é necessário estudar as bandas de frequências que não estão sendo utilizadas nas áreas das comunicações como a banda milimétrica e sub-milimétrica. A transmissão de dados na banda EHF o banda milimétrica constitui uma possível solução para conseguir transmitir maiores quantidades de informação a altas velocidades de transmissão aliviando as bandas de frequências atuais. Neste trabalho se estuda a transmissão de dados em frequências de 100, 200, 300 e 400 GHz, empregando a modulação Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) mediante uma arquitetura baseada no batimento de dois lasers, cujas frequências são combinadas em um Beam Splitter, para que a corrente resultante da soma dos campos elétricos dos dois lasers seja convertida em um sinal de alta frequência por meio de uma antena fotocondutora. O batimento dos dois lasers, com diferentes comprimentos de onda e com a mesma potência, ao interagir com uma antena fotocondutora dá como resultado uma frequência na ordem de Gigahertz. No experimento utilizaram-se dois tipos de diodos receptores, um de banda larga (menor que 4 GHz) e outro de banda estreita (menor que 1 MHz). As duas antenas foram testadas em diferentes distâncias e com diferentes frequências de portadora para verificar qual delas tinha o melhor desempenho na banda EHF para poder realizar a transmissão de dados. / [en] In recent years, the frequency bands in wireless communications are beginning to saturate due to the increase of traffic and the increase of users, and it for that reason that is necessary to study the frequency bands that are not begin used in the communication areas like millimeter and sub-millimeters bands. Data transmission in the EHF band is a possible solution to be able to transmit large amounts of information at high transmission speeds, alleviating current frequency bands. In this work, the transmission of data in frequencies of 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gigahertz is studied, using Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation with an architecture based on the beat of two lasers, whos frequencies are combined by means of Beam Splitter, so that result of the electric fields of two lasers is converted into a high frequency signal with the aid of a photoconductor antenna. The.beating of the two lasers, with different wavelengths and with the same power, when interacting with a photoconductor antenna results in a frequency in the order of Gigahertz. In the experiment, two types of receiver diodes were used, one Broadband (less than 4 GHz) and the other of narrowband (less than 1 MHz). The two antennas were tested at different distances and with different carrier frequencies to verify which one had the best performance in the EHF band in order to perform the data transmission.

This term project deals with knowledge areas of project management, specifically areas of time, cost and communication. This is a theoretical basis for the next implementation of tool for monitoring and reporting on project progress.

For organisations to stay competitive, continuous improvements and development are needed.Organisations handling complex services, structured in projects, find difficulties in understanding the project performance. Understanding the project performance is important in order to achieve the ability to implement improvements and development activities in projects. Furthermore, project performance needs to be understandable for the whole organisation in order to be able to prioritize. There are several applicable methods available for handling the evaluation of performance. One method is Earned Value Management, EVM, which incorporates project scope, schedule and cost parameters in order to create project control.The purpose of this study is to investigate how EVM could be implemented for evaluating performance in projects handling repair and maintenance based on the EVM standard ANSI/EIA-748. The purpose is also to identify needed adaptations in the projects to make it possible to implement EVM. The EVM standard contains important steps and activities needed in order to be able to aggregate values and evaluate performance.The result of this study presents adaptations needed for EVM implementation based on the EVM standard ANSI/EIA-748. The study concludes that some structural and managerial changes need to be done before EVM can be implemented. The organisation needs to formulate common guidelines for structuring work and organisations, as well as formulate and define common reporting structures for documentation and reporting. In addition, the way of handling planning, and budgeting need to be reviewed and customised. The organisation also needs to continuously work with the knowledge and understanding about the importance of the business and the evaluation, to create a successful EVM implementation and a sustainable business. / För att organisationer ska kunna vara konkurrenskraftiga krävs kontinuerlig förbättring och utveckling. Organisationer som är organiserade i projekt och som hanterar komplexa tjänster, finner svårigheter i att förstå projektets prestation. Detta är viktigt för att kunna genomföra förbättringar och utvecklingsaktiviteter. Dessutom måste projektets prestation kunna förstås av hela organisationen för att skapa möjligheter att prioritera. Det finns flera tillgängliga metoder som kan användas för att hantera detta. En metod är Earned Value Management (EVM), som innehåller projektomfång, tidsplan och kostnadsparametrar för att skapa projektstyrning.Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur EVM kan implementeras för att utvärdera prestanda i projekt som hanterar service och underhåll, baserat på EVM-standarden ANSI/ EIA-748. Syftet är också att identifiera nödvändiga anpassningar i projekten, för att göra det möjligt att implementera EVM. EVM-standarden innehåller viktiga steg och aktiviteter som krävs för att kunna aggregera värden och utvärdera prestanda.Resultatet av denna studie presenterar anpassningar som behövs för implementering av EVM, baserat på EVM-standarden ANSI / EIA-748. Studien drar slutsatsen att vissa strukturella och ledande förändringar måste göras innan EVM kan implementeras. Organisationen måste formulera gemensamma riktlinjer för strukturering av arbete och organisationer, samt formulera och definiera gemensamma strukturer för dokumentation och rapportering. Dessutom måste sättet att hantera planering och budgetering granskas och anpassas. Organisationen måste också kontinuerligt arbeta med kunskap och förståelse om verksamhetens betydelse och utvärdering, för att skapa en framgångsrik EVM-implementering och en hållbar verksamhet.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de avaliação de desempenho de projetos a partir de uma estrutura multidimensional que engloba custo, prazo e qualidade do produto final do projeto. As fundações para o desenvolvimento desta abordagem multidimensional estão em um modelo que integra o conceito de Gerenciamento do Valor Agregado (EVM Earned Value Management) à Engenharia de Sistemas e ao Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD Quality Funcion Deployment). A tradução de requisitos do cliente para requisitos técnicos é alicerçada no Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD Quality Funcion Deployment), a alocação de requisitos técnicos em uma Estrutura Analítica de Projeto (WBS Work Breakdown Structure) é baseada em Engenharia de Sistemas e finalmente a integração desta base com as técnicas de planejamento e controle de projetos do Gerenciamento do Valor Agregado (EVM Earned Value Management) formam o Modelo Multidimensional de Desempenho de Projetos (MPPM - Multdidimensional Project Performance Model). Esta integração de disciplinas de qualidade, engenharia de sistemas e gerenciamento de projetos, que formam o MPPM, visa avaliar custo, prazo e qualidade do produto final de um projeto de forma integrada e simultânea. A parte empírica é realizada em duas etapas, sendo a primeira a simulação de uso do modelo a um projeto real já concluído e a segunda etapa estudo multicaso. A simulação da aplicação do modelo em um projeto real busca avaliar as dificuldades de aplicação, bem como avaliar as lacunas de desempenho do projeto a partir de uma visão multidimensional. Por fim, apresenta-se um estudo multicaso, realizado em seis empresas de grande porte de setores industriais distintos, que atuam no Brasil e desenvolvem projetos complexos. O objetivo desse estudo é fazer um levantamento das práticas de avaliação de desempenho em projetos, bem como avaliar se as empresas estudadas estariam prontas para a utilização do modelo multidimensional desenvolvido neste trabalho. O trabalho conclui que é possível a aplicação de um modelo multidimensional integrado como o MPPM para projetos com produtos complexos. Sua aplicação exige uma disciplina com a captura e desdobramento dos requisitos do cliente que não é usual nas práticas de gerenciamento de projetos das empresas pesquisadas. Por isso, a aplicação do modelo depende de uma considerável evolução da forma como as empresas gerenciam projetos e lidam com os requisitos de clientes para o produto do projeto. / This dissertation presents a study of project performance evaluation through the development of a multidimensional model that integrates the dimensions of cost, schedule and quality of the project end product. The foundation for the development of this multidimensional approach is a model that integrates the Earned Value Management (EVM) concept with Systems Engineering and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The customer requirements translation to technical requirements from the Quality Function Deployment (QFD), the allocation of technical requirements to a Systems Engineering based work breakdown structure (WBS) and finally the integration of this basis with the EVM techniques of planning and controlling projects along its lifecycle build the Multidimensional Project Performance Model (MPPM). This integration of quality, systems engineering and project management disciplines, that results in the MPPM, is capable of an integrated and simultaneous evaluation of cost, schedule and quality of the project end product. The empiric study is divided in two parts, the fist one simulates the application of the MPPM to a real known project, the second is a multicase study. The MPPM simulation with a real project shows the difficulties and barriers to the application of such model, as well as the gaps of a project performance evaluation based on a multidimensional vision. Finally a multi-case study of practices of project performance evaluation with six large companies of different industries segments dealing with complex projects in Brazil is developed. This multi-case study objective is to raise companies practices on project performance evaluation and also to evaluate if the studied companies are ready for the implementation of a multidimensional project performance model as the MPPM. The dissertation conclusion is that it is possible to apply a multidimensional project performance model such as the MPPM for projects with complex products. The model application requires discipline on the customer requirements elicitation and deployment. This discipline is not commonly found on studied companies practices of project management. The MPPM application depends on a considerable evolution of the companies project management methods, as well as the way these companies deal with customer requirements of the project end product.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de avaliação de desempenho de projetos a partir de uma estrutura multidimensional que engloba custo, prazo e qualidade do produto final do projeto. As fundações para o desenvolvimento desta abordagem multidimensional estão em um modelo que integra o conceito de Gerenciamento do Valor Agregado (EVM Earned Value Management) à Engenharia de Sistemas e ao Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD Quality Funcion Deployment). A tradução de requisitos do cliente para requisitos técnicos é alicerçada no Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD Quality Funcion Deployment), a alocação de requisitos técnicos em uma Estrutura Analítica de Projeto (WBS Work Breakdown Structure) é baseada em Engenharia de Sistemas e finalmente a integração desta base com as técnicas de planejamento e controle de projetos do Gerenciamento do Valor Agregado (EVM Earned Value Management) formam o Modelo Multidimensional de Desempenho de Projetos (MPPM - Multdidimensional Project Performance Model). Esta integração de disciplinas de qualidade, engenharia de sistemas e gerenciamento de projetos, que formam o MPPM, visa avaliar custo, prazo e qualidade do produto final de um projeto de forma integrada e simultânea. A parte empírica é realizada em duas etapas, sendo a primeira a simulação de uso do modelo a um projeto real já concluído e a segunda etapa estudo multicaso. A simulação da aplicação do modelo em um projeto real busca avaliar as dificuldades de aplicação, bem como avaliar as lacunas de desempenho do projeto a partir de uma visão multidimensional. Por fim, apresenta-se um estudo multicaso, realizado em seis empresas de grande porte de setores industriais distintos, que atuam no Brasil e desenvolvem projetos complexos. O objetivo desse estudo é fazer um levantamento das práticas de avaliação de desempenho em projetos, bem como avaliar se as empresas estudadas estariam prontas para a utilização do modelo multidimensional desenvolvido neste trabalho. O trabalho conclui que é possível a aplicação de um modelo multidimensional integrado como o MPPM para projetos com produtos complexos. Sua aplicação exige uma disciplina com a captura e desdobramento dos requisitos do cliente que não é usual nas práticas de gerenciamento de projetos das empresas pesquisadas. Por isso, a aplicação do modelo depende de uma considerável evolução da forma como as empresas gerenciam projetos e lidam com os requisitos de clientes para o produto do projeto. / This dissertation presents a study of project performance evaluation through the development of a multidimensional model that integrates the dimensions of cost, schedule and quality of the project end product. The foundation for the development of this multidimensional approach is a model that integrates the Earned Value Management (EVM) concept with Systems Engineering and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The customer requirements translation to technical requirements from the Quality Function Deployment (QFD), the allocation of technical requirements to a Systems Engineering based work breakdown structure (WBS) and finally the integration of this basis with the EVM techniques of planning and controlling projects along its lifecycle build the Multidimensional Project Performance Model (MPPM). This integration of quality, systems engineering and project management disciplines, that results in the MPPM, is capable of an integrated and simultaneous evaluation of cost, schedule and quality of the project end product. The empiric study is divided in two parts, the fist one simulates the application of the MPPM to a real known project, the second is a multicase study. The MPPM simulation with a real project shows the difficulties and barriers to the application of such model, as well as the gaps of a project performance evaluation based on a multidimensional vision. Finally a multi-case study of practices of project performance evaluation with six large companies of different industries segments dealing with complex projects in Brazil is developed. This multi-case study objective is to raise companies practices on project performance evaluation and also to evaluate if the studied companies are ready for the implementation of a multidimensional project performance model as the MPPM. The dissertation conclusion is that it is possible to apply a multidimensional project performance model such as the MPPM for projects with complex products. The model application requires discipline on the customer requirements elicitation and deployment. This discipline is not commonly found on studied companies practices of project management. The MPPM application depends on a considerable evolution of the companies project management methods, as well as the way these companies deal with customer requirements of the project end product.