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Wireless communication serves as the foundation for a wide range of services that have become an integral part of human life in this day and age. Driven by the desire to have a single piece of hardware that can provide multiple wireless services, attention has been directed to SDRs due to their programmable nature and the flexibility they can offer in operating over multiple standards. In addition, they can provide effective solutions to current challenges in wireless communication, such as spectrum overcrowding and inter-standard operability, as well as future challenges to come due to their upgradeability. Although SDRs have been around in the research community for over a decade, they have not reached the point of transitioning to the mass consumer market, size being one of the major obstacles. Numerous SDR hardware platforms have been developed demonstrating successful functionality, yet to this day most of them remain trapped in desktop/benchtop form factors which are not suited for mobility. A main factor contributing to the size of SDR units is the RF front end. Using current technology, wide-band operation of SDR RF front-ends is achieved by aggregating multiple dedicated components, each covering a portion of the frequency range. Recent technology advances have enabled the integration of wide frequency functionality inside a single integrated package. One example is a prototype RFIC transceiver chip from Motorola Research Labs which contains a complete direct conversion RF transceiver in a single chip, with a frequency coverage range of 100MHz-2.4GHz. RFIC5, the latest version of the chip, has additionally integrated high speed ADC and DAC units, leading to a significant reduction in the component count and the overall size of the SDR hardware. This thesis describes the implementation of a highly compact, SDR PC plug-in card, known as PicoRF. PicoRF is based on the Motorola's RFIC chip for the RF front-end functionality, while the combined computational power of a V5 FPGA and a PC host is used for waveform signal processing. An overlay gird consisting of an interconnection of PR slots is reserved on the FPGA to host the components of a signal processing pipeline which can be modified during run-time. Through a high speed PCIe connection, partial bitstreams can be downloaded from the host PC to the FPGA at a very high speed making it possible for the radio to modify its function in very short time intervals and greatly reducing the service interruption time. Control software running on the PC host manages the overall system operation including the RFIC which is controlled through a custom developed API. The combination of the laptop host and the plug-in card form a small form factor, mobile SDR node that is one step towards satisfying both the performance and ergonomics demand of the consumer market. / Master of Science

The ever increasing traffic congestion being experienced on urban freeways has caused attention to be focused on methods for improving traffic operations on these facilities. The reduction or elimination of freeway congestion can be handled in two basic ways: 1) by increasing the freeway's capacity defined as the number of vehicles per unit time that can pass a given point in one lane of the freeway multiplied by the number of lanes on the freeway, or 2) by decreasing the traffic loads imposed on these freeways. Monumental costs and adverse public relations are involved in the construction of either new freeways or additional lanes in urban areas to increase freeway capacity. Due to these factors, the move in recent years has been toward decreasing traffic loads to accomplish the goals of reduction or elimination of freeway congestion. In an effort to combat the freeway congestion, traffic researchers have devoted much time and effort to the theoretical and practical aspects of systems in which controlled access is utilized to prevent or reduce congestion caused by traffic demands in excess of freeway operational capacity. Such systems perform the function of 'freeway surveillance and control'. An important aspect of these systems is the control mechanism used for the regulation of the ramp traffic to the freeway. This topic of ramp metering is the subject of this report.

This project has been created at the growth agency Maia. The goal of the project is to develop satellite sites in WordPress using the Elementor plugin with focus on universal design, SEO (Search Engine Optimization), and accessibility for all user types. The purpose for the satellite sites is to drive traffic to other websites through effective SEO and accessibility. The project work has included planning and reviewing theories around SEO techniques, which has been necessary to ensure that the satellite sites are optimized in the best way to achieve a high search engine ranking. Part of this work has involved developing design sketches that are not only visually appealing but also technically functional to support both SEO and usability. In addition to developing the satellite sites, the project includes the creation of a presentation page developed with Express and React. This page serves as an interactive report on the project with the satellite sites, where specific parts of the work will be shown, as well as results, progress, and examples. / Detta arbete har utförts på tillväxtbyrån Maia. Målet med projektet är att utveckla satellitsidor i WordPress med tillägget Elementor där fokuset ligger på universell utformning, SEO (sökmotoroptimering) och tillgänglighet för alla användartyper. Syftet med satellitsidorna är att med effektiv SEO och tillgänglighet, driva trafik till andra webbsidor. Projektets arbete har inkluderat planering och granskning av teorier kring SEO-tekniker, vilket har varit nödvändigt för att säkerställa att satellitsidorna optimerats på bästa sätt och ge en hög rankning på sökmotorer. En del av detta arbete har inneburit utvecklandet av designskisser som inte bara är visuellt tilltalande utan också tekniskt funktionella med att stöjda både SEO och användarvänlighet. Utöver att utveckla satellitsidorna, innefattar projektet skapandet av en presentationssida utvecklat med Express och React. Denna sida fungerar som en interaktiv rapport över projektet med satellitsidorna där specifika delar av arbetet kommer att visas samt resultat, framsteg och exempel.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

When a project work was performed at DHL Express in Borås in spring 2007 the time of theprocesses at the terminal was measured. DHL Express in Borås is working with tworecruitment companies and the employees could therefore be divided into two groups; thepermanent employees and the hired employees. There were a slight difference in performancebetween these two groups of employees and it was then questioned if DHL Express in Boråsreally was working in the best way with the recruitment companies.The theories that were used in this thesis work was; complexity theories by Murray Gell-Mann, Game theory by John Forbes Nash and Lean. These three theories were used at thesame time to get the best outcome.The methods that were used was investigating the contracts between DHL Express and therecruitment companies, interviews with the employees at the tactical level that are in contactwith the recruitment companies in their daily work with base from the contracts,conversations and discussions with employees, pictures was also taken to document parts ofthe terminal at DHL Express in Borås.The result of the thesis work was that a “best-way-package” how DHL Express in Boråsshould work with the recruitment companies was set up. This “best-way-package” could beapplied on any terminal at DHL Express if wanted. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Syfte: Studiens syfte var att jämföra två linsrengöringsmetoders påverkan på hornhinnan. Studien jämförde tillverkarens rekommenderade användningsinstruktioner för Opti-Free® Express®, med den alternativa rengöringsmetoden att gnugga linserna, något som ofta rekommenderas av optiker. Metod: Deltagarna sågs vid två tillfällen för utvärdering av eventuell påverkan på hornhinnan. Värdena som återfanns vid första tillfället fungerade som ett utgångsvärde. Samtliga fynd dokumenterades, graderades och poängräknades efter vilken typ av staining samt utbredning. Cornea delades in i fem regioner; centralt, superiort, inferiort, nasalt och temporalt. Typen staining som återfanns poängsattes enligt; mikropunktata (25), makropunktata (50), coalesced (75) och patch (100). Medelvärden för respektive deltagares ögon räknades ut genom att muliplicera poängen given för typen funnen staining med den procentuella utbredningen i varje region. Därefter dividera med fem för att få ett medelvärde utbrett över hela ögat. Deltagarna fick ett nytt par linser och blev därefter instruerade att under två veckors tid rengöra höger och vänster lins separat. Det ena sättet att rengöra var att följa tillverkarens rekommenderade instruktioner, något som innebär sköljning i fem sekunder per linssida. Det andra sättet var genom att gnugga linserna i en L-formad rörelse fem gånger per sida och därefter skölja linsen i fem sekunder. Efter två veckors tid undersöktes deltagarna på nytt. Funna värden sammanställdes och jämfördes sedan med varandra samt utgångsvärdena. Resultat: I de ögon vars linser gnuggades minskade medelvärdet av mängden staining från ursprungligen 140179 till 12185 (p = 0,68). Ursprungsvärdet för de ögon vars linser sköljdes var 125149, något som efter två veckor ökade till 214179 (p = 0,03). Medelvärdena efter två veckor för de båda rengöringsmetoderna uppkom till 12185 för gnugg respektive 214179 för skölj, jämförelser drogs emellan grupperna (p = 0,046). Slutsats: I de ögon vars linser rengjordes genom sköljning återfanns en högre grad av påverkan på hornhinnan. Mängd funnen staining var större i dessa ögon än i de ögon vars linser rengjordes genom gnuggning. Skillnaden var av statistisk signifikans. / The aim of this study was to compare the impact of contact lens cleaning on cornea using two different methods. The study compared the manufacturer’s recommended usage for Opti-Free® Express®, with the alternative cleaning method that involves rubbing the lens, a method often recommended by Optometrists. The participants were seen twice to evaluate the cornea. The values found on the first visit were used as baseline values. The participants were given a new pair of contact lenses and were told to clean them in two different ways for the upcoming two weeks. The first method was to follow the recommended instructions by the manufacturer. A method that involves rinsing the lens for five seconds per side. The alternative method was to rub both sides in shape of the letter L. This procedure was repeated five times per side followed by rinsing for five seconds. The participants were seen for a second visit after two weeks. Evaluations were once again made. The values found were compared with the baseline values as well with each other.  In those cases where the lenses had been cleaned by rubbing, the value of found staining decreased from 140179 at the baseline to 12185 after two weeks (p = 0,68). The baseline value for the eyes where the lenses were cleaned by rinsing was 125149. Those values increased to 214179 after two weeks (p = 0,03). A comparison between the two groups later values showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two types of cleaning, where the eyes that were only rinsed contained a higher amount of staining (p = 0,046). In those eyes where lenses had been cleaned only by rinsing there were found a higher amount of staining compared to the ones cleaned by rubbing. The difference in found staining between the two cleaning methods were statistically significant.

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