Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-18T20:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RaianeMaiaradosSantosPereiraDissertacao2015.pdf: 2165252 bytes, checksum: 560f5ad1fe5b29f39b489f295ffe8157 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-18T20:34:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RaianeMaiaradosSantosPereiraDissertacao2015.pdf: 2165252 bytes, checksum: 560f5ad1fe5b29f39b489f295ffe8157 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T20:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaianeMaiaradosSantosPereiraDissertacao2015.pdf: 2165252 bytes, checksum: 560f5ad1fe5b29f39b489f295ffe8157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-03 / Sedentary lifestyle is increasing rapidly, affecting not only adults but children and adolescents, technological development has encouraged this lifestyle. However, this reality need tools that implementing health information, the use of educational software may promote learning and capacity to do healthy choices. Health education provides formal opportunities for students to acquire knowledge and learn essential life skills that can foster healthy behaviors, such as physical activity and healthy eating. Thus, this study aimed to develop and test an health educational website for encourages healthy choices in children. A total of thirty nine school children (twenty two girls; 18.0??3,3kg/m??; 19,2??8,9%), with ages between 8-10yr (eutrophic, level of physical activity between moderate and active, socioeconomic class "B"), students from 2nd to 5th grade of elementary school, both public (61.5%) and private schools. The website received the name TODDS Kids (Every Day Fun and Healthy). First, a pilot study was realized with 15 children. TODDS was built in HTML5 format, at the platform Wix with support of Physical Education and Nutrition professionals. Children accessed the website for one hour, when had contact with pictures, videos, stories and short texts about physical activity and healthy eating. They had opportunity to access other sites that discuss the same topic, as well as access to an educational tool to encourage healthy habits known as "Agendinha" a kind of daily colorful diary, available for download and with instructions for use. Thereafter, children answered a questionnaire to assess the perception of the site and their contents. 97.4% of children said they would like to access the site again, all of them said that could indicate the site to a friend. The colors, images and information were well evaluated (above 9.0 points). When asked about the practice of physical activity, 92.3% reported that would be more active, and 87.2% would like to eat more healthy foods. Parents were consulted, ten days after intervention, to check how the tool could have influenced the healthy behaviors, most of them related positive changes to physical activity and healthy eating of their children. Through the results, we concluded that TODDS Kids showed an efficient tool for changes in healthy lifestyles in children. However, other studies are needed with prolonged follow-up with children and their families after browsing the website. / O desenvolvimento tecnol??gico tem estimulado h??bitos sedent??rios e m?? alimenta????o. No entanto, a utiliza????o de softwares educativos tem-se mostrado potentes ferramentas contextualizadas que auxiliam na conscientiza????o e aprendizagem das crian??as. O presente estudo objetivou elaborar e testar um website educativo para est??mulo e conscientiza????o de crian??as sobre h??bitos saud??veis, bem como, um instrumento pedag??gico de apoio ao professor de Educa????o F??sica e demais profissionais da ??rea da sa??de e educa????o. Para isso, a amostra foi composta por 39 crian??as (22 meninas; 18,0??3,3 kg/m??, 19,2??8,9%G), com idade entre 8 e 10 anos (eutr??ficas, n??vel de atividade f??sica moderado a fisicamente ativo e classe socioecon??mica ???B???), estudantes do 2?? ao 5?? ano do ensino fundamental, tanto de escolas p??blicas (61,5%) quanto particulares. O website foi nomeado de TODDS Kids (Todo Dia Divertido e Saud??vel). Ap??s sua cria????o e aplica????o de estudo piloto em 15 crian??as, o mesmo foi aprimorado. Foi constru??do no formato HTML5, pela plataforma Wix com apoio de profissionais da Educa????o F??sica e Nutri????o. As crian??as navegaram no site durante uma hora, nesse per??odo tiveram acesso a figuras, v??deos, hist??rias e pequenos textos sobre pr??tica de atividade f??sica e alimenta????o saud??vel. Tamb??m foi disponibilizado o acesso a outros sites que abordam o mesmo tema, bem como acesso a um instrumento educacional de incentivo a h??bitos saud??veis conhecida como ???Agendinha???, dispon??vel para download e com instru????es para utiliza????o. Ap??s isso, aplicou-se um question??rio para avaliar a percep????o do site pela crian??a, al??m dos conhecimentos absorvidos sobre atividade f??sica e alimenta????o saud??vel. 97,4% das crian??as responderam que gostariam de acessar o site outras vezes, todas indicariam o site a um amigo. As cores, imagens e informa????es foram bem avaliadas, com atribui????o de notas acima de 9,0 pelas crian??as. Quando questionadas acerca da pr??tica de atividade fisica, 92,3% relataram sentir vontade de aumentar a quantidade da pr??tica, e 87,2% gostariam de ingerir maior quantidade de alimentos saud??veis. A fim de se verificar o quanto a ferramenta poderia ter influenciado na altera????o das esc olhas alimentares e pr??tica de atividade f??sica das crian??as, realizou-se inqu??rito telef??nico com alguns pais, dez dias ap??s a interven????o, a maioria afirmou que notaram altera????es positivas para estes aspectos no comportamento de seus filhos. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, foi poss??vel concluir queo website TODDS Kids exerceu efeito positivo na conscientiza????o sobre h??bitos saud??veis das crian??as estudadas, contribuindo para uma altera????o inicial nas escolhas de pr??tica de atividade f??sica e alimentar das mesmas ap??s at?? dez dias do acesso ao site. Para maiores esclarecimentos se faz necess??rio estudo com acompanhamento prolongado das crian??as e de sua fam??lia ap??s navega????o no website.

Submitted by Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Disserta????es (sdi@ucb.br) on 2017-11-20T13:05:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelaAlmeidaRamosTeseParcial2017.pdf: 1042461 bytes, checksum: f6949b777ee0947e83bb52979487d593 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Disserta????es (sdi@ucb.br) on 2017-11-20T13:10:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelaAlmeidaRamosTeseParcial2017.pdf: 1042461 bytes, checksum: f6949b777ee0947e83bb52979487d593 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-20T13:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelaAlmeidaRamosTeseParcial2017.pdf: 1042461 bytes, checksum: f6949b777ee0947e83bb52979487d593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-21 / Learning difficulties and disturbs, socioeconomic conditions, could justify the high rate of brazilian educational system failure. Therefore, interdisciplinary Physical Education can ameliorate children learning. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of an interdisciplinary physical education program on academic achievement and selective attention in children. 60 boys and girls from 4th grade of public elementary brazilian school, underwent a Education by Movement group (EduMove) (n=39, 9.7??yr; 31.6 ?? 6.2 kg; 1.4 ?? 0.1 m; 17.9 ?? 7.2 %G) with math, written and reading classes through physical education activities during a school journey (172.8??16.31bpm) (60min each class, twice a week), and a control group (Con) (n=21, 9.9??0.8yr; 30.0 ?? 5.1 kg; 1.4 ?? 0.1 m; 17.1 ?? 8.6 %G) which participated at traditional classes (92.4??8.9bpm). Thereafter children undertook anthropometric (weight, height, body fat), physical activity level, academic achievement, selective attention test (Stroop Go/NoGo), before and after three months. ANOVA revealed tricipital skinfold reduction for EduMove in comparison with CON at post test (11.8 ?? 5.6 vs 12.7 ?? 5.3; p=0.008), it was observed higher physical activity level for EduMovi vs CON (?? 23.3 vs 2.9 METs; p=0.09). Children showed better results at reading capacity for EduMovi vs CON (65.2 ?? 4.9 vs 64.7 ?? 3.0; p=0.038). Regarding selective attention EduMovi was faster and committed less mistakes in comparison with pre test (236.1 ?? 39.9 vs 327.9 ?? 45.88 ms/%, ?? -90ms e - 2% de erros p=0.09). A short term interdisciplinary physical education program can improve reading capacity, and selective attention in children. These results may suggest that activity breaks during a school journey could contributing to learning. / Dificuldades, problemas de aprendizagem, condi????es socioecon??micas, s??o fatores que justificam o alto ??ndice de repet??ncia escolar no sistema educacional brasileiro. Nesse sentido, a Educa????o F??sica interdisciplinar pode otimizar a aprendizagem da crian??a. O estudo teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos de um programa de educa????o f??sica interdisciplinar sobre o desempenho escolar e aten????o seletiva de crian??as. 60 meninos e meninas com desempenho escolar inferior, estudantes do 4?? ano do ensino fundamental foram divididos em grupo educa????o pelo movimento (EduMovi) (n=39, 9,7 ?? 1,0 anos; 31,6 ?? 6,2 kg; 1,4 ?? 0,1 m; 17,9 ?? 7,2 %G), que participou de aulas ativas com os conte??dos de portugu??s e durante o turno escolar (duas vezes por semana por tr??s meses) (172,8 ?? 16,31 bpm); e grupo controle (CON, n=21, 9,9??0,8 anos; 30,0 ?? 5,1 kg; 1,4 ?? 0,1 m; 17,1 ?? 8,6 %G) que permaneceu assistindo aulas tradicionais de portugu??s e matem??tica durante o mesmo per??odo (92,4 ?? 8,9 bpm). A ANOVA revelou redu????o na dobra cut??nea tricipital para EduMovi em compara????o com grupo CON no p??s teste (11,8 ?? 5,6 vs 12,7 ?? 5,3; p=0,008), houve ainda um aumento no NAF para EduMovi vs CON por??m n??o foi significativo (?? 23,3 vs 2,9 METs; p=0,09). Na capacidade de leitura foi observado um melhor escore para EduMovi no p??s teste comparado com CON (65,2 ?? 4,9 vs 64,7 3,0; p=0,038). Na etapa incongruente do teste de Stroop que avalia a aten????o seletiva, o grupo EduMovi foi mais r??pido e errou menos em compara????o com o pr?? teste, mas o resultado n??o foi significativo (236,1 ?? 39,9 vs 327,9 ?? 45,88 ms/%, ?? -90ms e -2% de erros p=0,09). Um programa de curto prazo de educa????o f??sica interdisciplinar pode melhorar a capacidade de leitura e aten????o seletiva de crian??as.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-14T13:37:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Erick de Oliveira Santos Costa.pdf: 678050 bytes, checksum: 440f614342d47250b079c0e29a8e02d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T13:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Erick de Oliveira Santos Costa.pdf: 678050 bytes, checksum: 440f614342d47250b079c0e29a8e02d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / One of the goals of this work is to present and analyze the difficulty of thinking about the nature and the movement facing to the notion of becoming. In fact, it seems that the necessity of matching the notions of being and non-being give nature a contradictory core or a sign of indeterminacy. We will see therefore how Aristotle deals with this dilemma. We understand that the philosopher of Stagira points out the need to conceive the nature and movement as a phenomenon to dissolve the dilemmas are present in previous philosophy / Um dos objetivos do presente trabalho ? expor e analisar a dificuldade de se pensar a natureza e o movimento frente ? no??o de devir. Com efeito, parece que a necessidade de se conciliar as no??es de ser e n?o-ser conferem a natureza um ?mago contradit?rio ou um ?ndice de indetermina??o. Veremos, por conseguinte, como Arist?teles lida com esse dilema. Entendemos que o fil?sofo de Estagira aponta para a necessidade de conceber a natureza e o movimento enquanto fen?meno para dissolver os dilemas presentes na filosofia precedente

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-12-04T19:14:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_MORENO_FERRO_DE_ARAUJO.pdf: 2490432 bytes, checksum: 00a75e2fcaf58b1136209930cfb617bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-12-06T11:50:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_MORENO_FERRO_DE_ARAUJO.pdf: 2490432 bytes, checksum: 00a75e2fcaf58b1136209930cfb617bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-06T11:56:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_MORENO_FERRO_DE_ARAUJO.pdf: 2490432 bytes, checksum: 00a75e2fcaf58b1136209930cfb617bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Os maus-tratos infantis (abuso e neglig?ncia) s?o considerados como problemas de sa?de p?blica globais, com graves consequ?ncias para a sa?de mental de quem sofre. A maioria dos estudos sobre abuso n?o faz distin??o entre os diferentes tipos de puni??o f?sica (abuso f?sico, palmadas), a intera??o com os outros tipos de abuso (emocional e sexual), se a crian?a sabia sobre o motivo por estarem sendo punidas, ou o impacto subjetivo a longo prazo na vida de quem sofreu algum tipo de abuso. O objetivo deste estudo ? descrever o impacto subjetivo na idade adulta do abuso ocorrido na inf?ncia e/ou na adolesc?ncia, analisar a associa??o de experi?ncias abusivas na inf?ncia e/o na adolesc?ncia com o uso de medica??es psicotr?picas ao longo da vida. Para este fim, analisamos os dados de uma grande pesquisa an?nima on-line (BRAINSTEP, Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology). Para avaliar a hist?ria de abuso sexual, f?sico e emocional na inf?ncia e/ou adolesc?ncia, utilizamos o QUESI (Question?rio Sobre Traumas na Inf?ncia). Para aqueles que n?o sofreram abusos f?sicos com objetos, perguntamos sobre frequ?ncia de palmadas. Al?m disso, para aqueles que reportaram algum tipo de puni??o f?sica (com objetos ou palmadas), avaliamos se ele sabia o motivo da puni??o. O impacto subjetivo foi avaliado em todos os participantes que sofreram algum tipo de abuso. O desfecho foi avaliado, o uso de medica??es psicotr?picas ao longo da vida. Encontramos que o abuso emocional e sexual estava associado a um impacto subjetivo negativo, independentemente da intensidade. Por sua vez, a puni??o f?sica nem sempre esteve associada a um impacto subjetivo negativo, sendo que foi maior para aqueles indiv?duos que n?o sabiam o motivo da puni??o. O abuso emocional mostrou a maior associa??o com o uso de medica??es psiqui?tricas ao longo da vida. Os participantes que reportaram um impacto subjetivo positivo da puni??o f?sica utilizaram menos frequentemente medica??es psiqui?tricas ao longo da vida. Esses achados sugerem que os mecanismos, que associam abuso a consequ?ncias negativas, s?o mais complexos do que os descritos anteriormente; seu impacto subjetivo e a coocorr?ncia de abuso emocional tamb?m devem ser levados em considera??o. / Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) is a global public health problem, with serious consequences to the mental health of those who suffer it. Most studies on abuse have not accounted for the different types of physical punishment (physical abuse, spanking), the interaction between different types of abuse (emotional and sexual), awareness of the children on the motivation for being punished, or their long-term subjective impact in the life of those abused. This study aim is to describe the subjective impact in adulthood of abuse occurred in childhood and adolescence, and to analyze the association of abuse experiences in childhood and adolescence, and the use of psychoactive medication as adults. We analyzed data from a large and anonymous online survey (BRAINSTEP). To assess the history of childhood sexual, physical and emotional abuse, we used the CTQ (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire). For those who did not suffer physical abuse from objects, we asked about spanking frequency. Also, for those with any physical punishment history, we assessed if he/she knew the reason for being punished. The subjective impact was assessed in all participants that suffered any abuse. The outcome was assessed, inquiring on their lifetime psychiatric medication use. We found that emotional and sexual abuse were associated with a negative subjective impact, regardless of intensity. In turn, physical punishment not always was associated with a negative subjective impact, and this was greater for those individuals that did not know the reason for being punished. Emotional abuse showed the highest association with increased psychiatric medication use. Subjects that stated a positive subjective impact from physical punishment used less psychiatric medication. These findings suggest that the mechanisms, which associate abuse to negative consequences, are more complex than previously described; its subjective impact and the simultaneous occurrence of emotional abuse must also be taken into consideration.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-05T12:06:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IvaneteFernandesdoPradoDisserta????o2017.pdf: 4250965 bytes, checksum: 8e414ff4c2763ba7d4918d1a888abacd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T12:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvaneteFernandesdoPradoDisserta????o2017.pdf: 4250965 bytes, checksum: 8e414ff4c2763ba7d4918d1a888abacd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Among diseases that happen during pregnancy, hypertension is considered to have the most detrimental effects on the mother's, fetus and newborn's body. Among the repercussions that this disease can bring to the fetus are prematurity and low birth weight, which are considered the main determinants of the risk of death in the neonatal period and of the developmental problems in childhood, besides increasing the probability of occurrence of various diseases in adult life. This study objective to identify the prevalence of arterial hypertension during pregnancy and to associates it with prematurity and low birth weight. It is a case-control study carried out in the Public hospital in the municipality of Guanambi-Bahia a, using the statements of live births and medical records of pregnant women. The sample was composed of 207 pregnant women and 212 live newborns, divided into case-group and control group. A research protocol was used to record newborn data, maternal data, gestation/childbirth, and gestational risk factors: hemorrhage, early placental abruption, placenta previa, premature amniorrexis, oligodendrogram, TORCHS, urinary tract infection, alcoholism , diabetes, hypertension, smoking, medication use, drugs and childbirth. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Catholic University of Bras??lia and Secretary of Health of the State of Bahia. The associations of the possible variables that predict prematurity and low birth weight were analyzed using hierarchical models of multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of pregnant women with arterial hypertension during admission to labor in the studied sample was 13.5%. Hypertension was associated with both prematurity and low birth weight. There was a significant association (p <0.05) between gestational risk factors and prematurity. Gestational risk factors and prematurity were also associated with low birth weight (p <0.05). Mothers with hypertension presented 3.47 (95% CI: 1.37-8.81) times more chance of having a preterm child and 2.55 (1.03-6.32) times more chance of having a child with low birth weight (P <0.05); mothers who presented other risk factors that aren't the hypertension had 2.21 (95% CI: 1.13-4.31) times more chance of having preterm (p <0.05) and 1.79 (95% CI: 96-3,36) time more change of having children with low birth weight (p = 0.0681), when they are compared to mothers without gestational risk factors. Mothers with less than seven prenatal visits had 2.31 (1.22-4.34) times more chance of having a preterm child than those with at least 7 visits (p<0.05). Low birth weight was not associated with the number of prenatal visits. Gestational risk factors may induce prematurity and low birth weight. Faced with this outcome, it is advised that pregnant women in this situation should be referred and ensured high-risk follow-up, as well as guided on healthy lifestyles and systematic practice of physical activity. / Dentre as doen??as que acontecem a mulher durante a gravidez, a hipertens??o arterial ?? considerada a que traz mais efeitos prejudiciais para o organismo da m??e, do feto e do rec??m-nascido. Entre as repercuss??es que essa doen??a pode trazer para o feto, encontram-se a prematuridade e o baixo peso ao nascer, que s??o considerados os principais determinantes do risco de morte no per??odo neonatal e dos problemas de desenvolvimento na inf??ncia, al??m de aumentarem a probabilidade de ocorr??ncia de v??rias doen??as na vida adulta. Este estudo objetiva identificar a preval??ncia de hipertens??o arterial durante a gesta????o e associ??-la com a prematuridade e o baixo peso ao nascer. Trata-se de estudo tipo caso-controle realizado no hospital p??blico do munic??pio de Guanambi-Bahia, utilizando as declara????es de nascidos vivos e prontu??rios das gestantes. A amostra foi composta por 207 gestantes e 212 rec??m-nascidos vivos, divididos em grupo-caso e grupo-controle. Foi utilizado um protocolo de pesquisa para registro dos dados do rec??m-nascido, dados m??e, gesta????o/parto e fatores de risco gestacional: hemorragia, deslocamento prematuro de placenta, placenta pr??via, amniorrexe prematura, oligodr??minio, TORCHS, infec????o do trato urin??rio, alcoolismo, diabetes, hipertens??o, tabagismo, uso de medica????es/drogas e parto. O estudo teve aprova????o do Comit?? de ??tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia e Secretaria de Sa??de do Estado da Bahia. As associa????es das poss??veis vari??veis preditoras da prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer foram analisadas por meio de modelos hierarquizados de regress??o log??stica m??ltipla. A preval??ncia de gestantes com hipertens??o arterial durante a interna????o para o parto na amostra estudada foi de 13,5%. A hipertens??o arterial esteve associada tanto com a prematuridade, quanto com o baixo peso ao nascer. Houve associa????o significativa (p<0,05) entre os fatores de risco gestacional e a prematuridade. Os fatores de risco gestacional e a prematuridade tamb??m estiveram associados com o baixo peso do rec??m-nascido (p<0,05). M??es com hipertens??o apresentaram 3,47 (IC95%: 1,37-8,81) vezes mais chance de ter filho prematuro e 2,55 (1,03-6,32) vezes mais chance de ter filho com baixo peso, m??es que apresentaram outros fatores de risco que n??o a hipertens??o tiveram 2,21 (IC95%:1,13-4,31) vezes mais chance de ter filho prematuro (p<0,05) e 1,79 (IC95%: 0,96-3,36) vez mais chance de terem filhos com baixo peso (p=0,0681), quando comparadas com m??es sem fatores de risco gestacional. As m??es com menos de sete consultas pr??-natais tiveram 2,31 (1,22-4,34) vezes mais chance de ter filho prematuro do que as com pelo menos 7 consultas (p<0,05). O baixo peso n??o esteve associado com o n??mero de consultas de pr??-natal. Fatores de risco gestacional podem induzir a prematuridade e o baixo peso ao nascer. Frente a esse desfecho, orienta-se que gestantes nessa situa????o sejam encaminhadas e asseguradas do acompanhamento de alto risco, bem como orientadas sobre estilos de vida saud??veis e pr??tica de atividade f??sica sistem??tica.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-05T13:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto - Disserta????o 2017.pdf: 2737065 bytes, checksum: 1cd7648ac58e3666049799e60c295c9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T13:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto - Disserta????o 2017.pdf: 2737065 bytes, checksum: 1cd7648ac58e3666049799e60c295c9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important physiological role in tissue remodeling. However, the effect of resistance training (RT) volume on MMP activity in different tissues and serum remains to be determined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different RT volume on MMP activity in skeletal muscle, visceral adipose tissue and in the circulation. Twenty-one four-month-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=7 per group): sedentary control (SC); RT with four ladder climbs (RT-4; 50%, 75%, 90% and 100% of their maximal carrying capacity) and TR with eight ladder climbs (RT-8 with two sets for each load). The eightweek RT consisted of climbing a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights secured to the animals??? tails. MMP-2 and -9 activity were analyzed by zymography. RT-8 group displayed higher active MMP-2 activity as compared with SC and RT-4 in skeletal muscle (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for pro-MMP-2 and intermediate-MMP-2 activity in visceral adipose tissue, while RT-8 group presented lower active MMP-2 activity as compared with SC (p < 0.05). Plasma pro and active MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was lower in RT-8 as compared with RT-4 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that higher volume RT is able to positively modulate the activity of MMPs in skeletal muscle (up-regulating), visceral adipose tissue and circulation (downregulating). These effects are important for the physiological and homeostatic functions of tissues. / As metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs) desempenham papel fisiol??gico importante na remodela????o dos tecidos. Contudo, os efeitos do volume do treinamento de for??a (TF) sobre a atividade das MMPs em diferentes tecidos e na circula????o ainda precisam ser investigados. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos do TF em diferentes volumes sobre a atividade da MMPs no m??sculo esquel??tico, no tecido adiposo visceral e na circula????o. Vinte e um ratos Wistar de quatro meses de idade foram divididos aleatoriamente em tr??s grupos (n = 7 por grupo): controle sedent??rio (CS); TF com quatro escaladas (TF-4; 50%, 75%, 90% e 100% da capacidade de carga m??xima) e TF com oito escaladas (TF-8; com duas s??ries para cada carga). O TF de oito semanas consistiu em escalar uma escada vertical de 1,1 m com sobrecargas atadas ??s caudas dos animais. A atividade das MMP-2 e -9 foi analisada pela t??cnica de zimografia. TF-8 apresentou maior atividade da isoforma ativa da MMP-2 em compara????o com CS e TF-4 no m??sculo esquel??tico (p<0,05). N??o houve diferen??a significativa entre os grupos na atividade das isoformas pr?? e intermedi??ria da MMP-2 no tecido adiposo visceral; por outro lado, TF-8 apresentou menor atividade da isoforma ativa da MMP-2 quando comparado ao grupo CS (p<0,05). Em rela????o ??s isoformas pr?? e ativa da MMP-2 e MMP-9 na circula????o, TF-8 apresentou menor atividade em compara????o com TF-4 (p <0,05). Estes resultados sugerem que um maior volume de TF ?? capaz de modular, de forma positiva, a atividade da MMPs, principalmente a isoforma ativa da MMP-2 , tanto no m??sculo esquel??tico (aumentando) como no tecido adiposo visceral e circula????o (diminuindo), sendo estes efeitos importantes para as fun????es fisiol??gicas e homeost??ticas dos tecidos.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-05T13:22:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jos?? Morais Souto Filho - Disserta????o 2017.pdf: 2337613 bytes, checksum: d7cfa48405acb0642a0b292e8e7d8944 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T13:22:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jos?? Morais Souto Filho - Disserta????o 2017.pdf: 2337613 bytes, checksum: d7cfa48405acb0642a0b292e8e7d8944 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Modern society has been increasingly exposed to daily stress situations. Neuroexcitatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and even inflammatory responses may become hyperreactive to these situations, increasing the chances of diverse physiological dysfunctions, especially cardiovascular ones. It has been shown that a single exercise session performed prior to stress situations may be useful in attenuating blood pressure hyperreactivity to stress. Among the methods applied to evaluate cardiovascular reactivity to stress, is the cold pressure test (CPT). However, heart rate variability (HRV) responses to CPT have been poorly investigated. Although there is evidence that a higher level of physical fitness is related to a lower reactivity to stress, the relationship between muscle strength levels and cardiovascular reactivity to CPT has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the autonomic and cardiovascular responses to CPT in individuals with different levels of manual grip strength. This is a study where the use of questionnaire techniques, anthropometric measurements, hemodynamic measurements, neuromuscular evaluation, cardiovascular and autonomic reactivity to an induced stress test were used. A total of 57 male subjects aged 18 to 30 years participated in the study. After this evaluation and general procedures, volunteers were divided into tertiles by their relative manual grip strength level. The lower strength group (BF) presented higher values of body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat and waist-to-height ratio compared to the mean strength (MS) and high strength (HS) groups. Regarding the cardiovascular reactivity to CPT, the three groups presented similar variation of blood pressure (BP), with systolic blood pressure (SBP) increasing significantly during CPT and decreasing during recovery until the third minute. Mean arterial pressure (Dampney et al.) showed higher values during CPT and lower in the third minute of recovery, which was also lower than the resting values for the FB group. Autonomic reactivity, as measured by HRV, demonstrated a discrepant behavior between the groups. During the CPT, subjects with lower manual grip relative strength had an BP response similar to the medium and high manual grip relative strength groups, but with greater sympathetic activation. / A sociedade moderna tem sido cada vez mais exposta a situa????es de estresse di??rias. As respostas neuroexcitat??rias, metab??licas, cardiovasculares e mesmo inflamat??rias podem se tornar hiper-reativas a essas situa????es, aumentando as chances de disfun????es fisiol??gicas diversas, em especial cardiovasculares. Tem sido demonstrado que uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio realizada antes das situa????es de estresse pode ser ??til para atenuar a hiperreatividade da press??o arterial ao estresse. Entre os m??todos aplicados para avaliar a reatividade cardiovascular ao estresse, esta o cold pressor test (CPT). No entanto, as respostas da variabilidade da frequ??ncia card??aca (VFC) ao CPT t??m sido pouco investigadas. Embora existam evid??ncias de que um maior n??vel de aptid??o f??sica esteja relacionado a uma menor reatividade ao estresse, a rela????o entre os n??veis de for??a muscular e a reatividade cardiovascular ao CPT ainda n??o foi investigada. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar as respostas auton??micas e cardiovasculares ao CPT em indiv??duos com diferentes n??veis de for??a de preens??o manual. Trata-se de um estudo onde se utilizou de t??cnicas de aplica????o de question??rios, tomada de medidas antropom??tricas, hemodin??micas, avalia????o neuromuscular, reatividade cardiovascular e auton??mica a um teste de estresse induzido. Participaram do estudo 57 sujeitos do sexo masculino com idades entre 18 a 30 anos. Ap??s esta avalia????o e os procedimentos gerais, os volunt??rios foram divididos em tercis pelo seu n??vel de for??a relativa de preens??o manual. O grupo baixa for??a (FB) apresentou valores mais elevados de massa corporal, ??ndice de massa corporal (IMC), gordura corporal e rela????o cintura-estatura em compara????o com os grupos m??dia for??a (FM) e elevada for??a (FE). Quanto ?? reatividade cardiovascular ao CPT, os tr??s grupos apresentaram varia????o similar da press??o arterial (PA), com valores de press??o arterial sist??lica (PAS) aumentando significativamente durante o CPT e diminuindo durante a recupera????o at?? o terceiro minuto. A press??o arterial m??dia (PAM) demonstrou valores mais altos durante o CPT e inferior no terceiro minuto de recupera????o, o que tamb??m foi menor do que os valores de repouso para o grupo FB. A reatividade auton??mica, medida pela VFC, demonstrou um comportamento discrepante entre os grupos. Durante o CPT os indiv??duos com for??a relativa de preens??o manual inferior apresentaram resposta PA semelhantes aos grupos de for??a relativa de preens??o manual m??dia e alta, mas com maior ativa????o simp??tica.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-05T20:33:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseFernandodeOliveiraTese2017.pdf: 2874980 bytes, checksum: 2f96c863658b7f42f17e67ca0b4ea1a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T20:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseFernandodeOliveiraTese2017.pdf: 2874980 bytes, checksum: 2f96c863658b7f42f17e67ca0b4ea1a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / Systemic arterial hypertension is a global health problem, affecting even the adolescent population, in this age group, genetic predisposition and biopsychosocial modifications are important factors in the development of hypertension. However, few studies have analyzed and associated the combination of family history, physical activity level, anthropometric profile and physical fitness on blood pressure reactivity and nitric oxide bioavailability in adolescents submitted to the Shuttle Run 20 meters, Cold Pressor Test and palmar grip strength. A total of 172 adolescents (n = 60???, n = 112???), high school students of the Technical College of Campinas-SP, aged 14 to 18 years, were classified into: normotensive children (FN; = 38???, n = 48???) and hypertensive children (FH; n = 22???; n = 64???), subdivided into active and sedentary. All procedures followed the ethical requirements of resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council. The results showed significant differences between FN vs. FH in several parameters of physical fitness, hemodynamic components and in salivary nitrite. Therefore, this study demonstrated that FH adolescents already present a negative influence of anthropometric, cardiovascular and physical activity levels on the bioavailability of salivary nitric oxide in children of hypertensive patients. / A hipertens??o arterial sist??mica ?? um problema mundial de sa??de, afetando inclusive a popula????o adolescente, nessa faixa et??ria, a predisposi????o gen??tica e as modifica????es biopsicossociais s??o importantes fatores no que tangem ao desenvolvimento da HAS. Entretanto poucos estudos analisaram e associaram a combina????o do hist??rico familiar, n??vel de atividade f??sica, perfil antropom??trico e a aptid??o f??sica na reatividade press??rica e a biodisponibilidade de ??xido n??trico em adolescentes submetidos ao Shuttle Run 20 metros, Cold Pressor Test e for??a de preens??o palmar. Foram avaliados 172 adolescentes (n=60???; n=112???), alunos do ensino m??dio do Col??gio T??cnico de Campinas-SP, com idades variando entre 14 e 18 anos, os quais foram classificados em: filhos de normotensos (FN; n=38???; n=48???) e filhos de hipertensos (FH; n=22???; n=64???), subdivididos em ativos e sedent??rios. Todos os procedimentos seguiram as exig??ncias ??ticas da resolu????o 466/12 do conselho nacional de sa??de. Os resultados demonstraram diferen??as significativas entre FN vs. FH em diversos par??metros de aptid??o f??sica, componentes hemodin??micos e no nitrito salivar. Portanto, este estudo demonstrou que adolescentes FH j?? apresentam uma influ??ncia negativa de vari??veis antropom??tricas, cardiovasculares e n??vel de atividade f??sica na biodisponibilidade de oxido n??trico salivar em filhos de hipertensos.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-06T13:10:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarloHenriqueGolinTese2017.pdf: 4727676 bytes, checksum: f026a79443dbc9af7764981f4d203551 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T13:10:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarloHenriqueGolinTese2017.pdf: 4727676 bytes, checksum: f026a79443dbc9af7764981f4d203551 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / The present work was developed in the city of Corumb?? in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), a frontier site that interacts with Bolivia. In this place there is the permanent presence of different ethnicities that transit and perpass that territory. Before this reality and its complex frontier nuances (Brazil-Bolivia), the School Physical Education is discussed in this thesis, linked to the themes such as education, cultural diversity, interculturality, ethnicity, ethnocentrism, sport and body. It should be emphasized that the region studied is influenced by the various events (macro and micro) of the social, cultural, political and economic fields, creating a mosaic of approximations, exchanges, difficulties, frictions and constraints that permeate human relations at the border, which tend to be valued, stressed and/or shared by the people who live in that place. Thus, the present study seek to understand the School Physical Education in a frontier territory, that undergoes diverse influences of its own context, resulting from national and international laws, cultural, political/diplomatic, economic, social, ethnic factors. Considering processes of approximations and prejudices existing in the region, the general objective was to examine the ethnic aspects that permeate the pedagogical actions of the School Physical Education discipline, especially observing how teachers and students describe ??? the latter from different ethnicities and identities (in some cases hybrids) ??? on corporal practices in a border school. In methodological terms the research had as background the ethnography, especially considering the complexity of articulation between the Physical Education area and the different aspects of the frontier under study. We interviewed seven teachers and 20 students (Brazilian-Bolivians) from a municipal public school (CAIC), particularly close to the border (Brazil-Bolivia) and with a greater number of students living in Bolivia who do the pendulum movement to study in Brazil. Field survey data were collected through interviews that were previously structured (script) and analyzed qualitatively (discourse analysis). Subsequently, with the information of all interviewees, it was possible to compare intragroup data (teacher X teacher / student X student) and also between groups (teachers X students). We obtained, from this, the convergences and divergences between the discourses of the respondents, particularly on the issues related to intercultural education and the sociocultural aspects in the conduction of the Physical Education discipline in the frontier region. The data analyzed indicate that there is potential in the area to collaborate in overcoming possible discriminatory processes among students, also projecting new educational issues/concerns for Physical Education teachers and other undergraduate courses, especially for those who want to consider the intercultural education in regions with international border integration. / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na cidade de Corumb??, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil), um local fronteiri??o que faz intera????o particular com a Bol??via. Neste local, existe a presen??a permanente de diferentes etnias que transitam e perpassam aquele territ??rio. ?? diante desta realidade e suas complexas nuances fronteiri??as (Brasil-Bol??via) que a Educa????o F??sica escolar ?? discutida nesta tese, vinculada a temas como educa????o, diversidade cultural, interculturalidade, etnicidade, etnocentrismo, esporte e corpo. Ressalta-se que a regi??o estudada ?? influenciada pelos diversos acontecimentos (macro e micro) dos campos social, cultural, pol??tico e econ??mico, criando um mosaico de aproxima????es, trocas, dificuldades, fric????es e constrangimentos que permeiam as rela????es humanas na fronteira, as quais tendem a ser valoradas, tensionadas e/ou compartilhadas pelas pessoas que convivem naquele local. Assim, o presente estudo buscou compreender a Educa????o F??sica escolar em um territ??rio fronteiri??o, que sofre diversas influ??ncias do seu pr??prio contexto, decorrentes das leis nacionais e internacionais, de fatores culturais, pol??ticos/diplom??ticos, econ??micos, sociais e ??tnicos. Considerando os processos de aproxima????es e preconceitos existentes na regi??o, o objetivo geral foi examinar os aspectos ??tnicos que permeiam as a????es pedag??gicas da disciplina Educa????o F??sica escolar, especialmente observando como descrevem professores e alunos ??? estes de etnias e identidades distintas (em alguns casos h??bridas) ??? sobre as pr??ticas corporais numa escola fronteiri??a. Em termos metodol??gicos, a pesquisa teve como pano de fundo a etnografia, sobretudo considerando a complexidade de articula????o entre a ??rea de Educa????o F??sica e os diferentes aspectos da fronteira em estudo. Foram entrevistados sete professores e 20 alunos (brasileiros-bolivianos) de uma escola p??blica municipal (CAIC), particularmente pr??xima ?? fronteira (Brasil-Bol??via) e com maior n??mero de discentes residentes na Bol??via, que fazem o movimento pendular para estudar no Brasil. Os dados da pesquisa de campo foram coletados atrav??s de entrevistas previamente estruturadas (roteiro) e analisadas qualitativamente (an??lise de discurso). Posteriormente, com as informa????es de todos os entrevistados, foi poss??vel comparar os dados ???intragrupos??? (docente X docente / discente X discente) e tamb??m ???intergrupos??? (docentes X discentes). Obtiveram-se, dessa forma, converg??ncias e diverg??ncias entre os discursos dos pesquisados, particularmente sobre as quest??es ligadas ?? educa????o intercultural e aos aspectos socioculturais na condu????o da disciplina Educa????o F??sica em regi??o de fronteira. Os dados analisados indicam existir potencialidades da ??rea para colaborar na supera????o dos poss??veis processos discriminat??rios entre os alunos, projetando tamb??m novas quest??es-preocupa????es educativas para os professores de Educa????o F??sica e aos demais cursos de forma????o superior em licenciatura, especialmente para os que pretendem considerar o tema da educa????o intercultural em regi??es com integra????o fronteiri??a internacional.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-18T14:03:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloPereiraMagalhaesdeSalesTese2016.pdf: 33116858 bytes, checksum: d66cc0e5bd4a2a18939274bbf98efba8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-18T14:04:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloPereiraMagalhaesdeSalesTese2016.pdf: 33116858 bytes, checksum: d66cc0e5bd4a2a18939274bbf98efba8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T14:04:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloPereiraMagalhaesdeSalesTese2016.pdf: 33116858 bytes, checksum: d66cc0e5bd4a2a18939274bbf98efba8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Diabetes is associated with endothelial dysfunction and several cardiovascular disorders, such as systemic arterial hypertension. Moreover, hypertension and diabetes coexist very frequently, as 60-65% of diabetics are hypertensive. The coexistence of hypertension and diabetes can reduce endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, which can be partially explained by a reduced production of nitric oxide (NO) or a decreased response to NO in the vascular smooth muscle. On the other hand, it has been shown that a single session of exercise can promote significant reductions in blood pressure (BP). This occurrence is known as post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and appears to be associated with the activity of the kallikrein-kinin system and release of NO. Although studies have observed PEH in individuais with T2D the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. ln addition, the prescription of exercise intensities based on lactate threshold (L T) has been suggested for individuais with T2D.Moreover, in spite of previous studies showing that individuais with T2D exhibit PEH when exercising at intensities around LT , There is evidence that subjects with T2D exhibit lower plasma kallikrein activity (PKA) compared to healthy individuais, suggesting that lower NO release and reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation would be occurring in response to exercise for this population. However, no investigations were made on the integrated responses of PKA, BK, dessArg9-BK and NO and its association to the occurrence of PEH in individuais with or without T2D.Furthermore, to the best of our Knowledge, there is only one study that has investigated the effects of exercise (aerobic and / or resistance) on the 24-hour BP response in individuais with T2D. Not to mention that it is not of our knowledge, studies that have investigated the effects of different aerobic exercise intesities on BP 24 hours in subjects with T2D.Additionally, Several studies have investigated the effects of different exercise modes ( e.g., aerobic vs. resistance ), intensities, and durations on BP responses during the post-exercise recovery period. Studies regarding the effects of different sports modalities, especially martial arts, have also been performed, such as: Tai Chi Chuan, Jiu Jitsu, and Judo. However, until now, no study has explored the BP responses after a single Contact Karate (CK) session. It is worth mentioning that the scientific literature related to combat sports has hardly been explored, especially regarding health-related variables (i.e., post-exercise BP reduction). Most studies have investigated performance-related parameters in athletes, making the evaluation of health-related variables (such as PEH) a scientific gap. Therefore, investigations related to this issue have been strongly encouraged. It should be noted that given the known complications of type 2 diabetes and characteristics of sport (high physical contact of high impact), it is wise to initially investigate the effects of a contact karate session on the blood pressure response after exercise in apparently healthy subjects and then, if possible, in special populations as diabetes and hypertension. With regard to chronic exercise, in particular the resistance exercise, the available literature concerning their effects on the response of NO and, in tum, on BP in individuais with T2D, it is still incipient. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only two randomized clinical trials ofRT's effects on NO concentration and BP levels in T2D patients, only one of which, verified the NO response (along with BP) due to R T. Therefore, there is an apparent lack of evidence on R T' s effects on the responses of NO and BP in T2D patients. Objectives: Study 1) to investigate and compare the responses of PKA, BK, desArg9-BK, NO and BP after a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in T2D and non-diabetic (ND) individuais; study 2) To verify the effects of different intensities of aerobic exercise on 24-hour ambulatory BP responses in individuais with T2D and prehypertension; study 3) to verify the effects of a Contact Karate (CK) session on BP responses during a post-exercise recovery period in young adults; study 4) to determine the effects of eight weeks RT on the responses of NO and BP in T2D patients and their controls peers. Methods: study l)Ten subjects with T2D and 10 Non-diabetics (ND) underwent three sessions: 1) maximal incremental test on cycle ergometer to determine lactate threshold (L T); 2) 20- min of constant-load exercise on cycle ergometer, at 90% LT and; 3) control session. BP and oxygen uptake were measured at rest and at 15, 30 and 45 min post-exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at 15 and 45 minutes of the recovery period for further analysis of PKA, BK and desArg9-BK. NO was analyzed at 15 minutes post exercise. Study 2) ten individuals with T2D and prehypertension completed three sessions applied in random order: non-exercise control (CON) and exercise at moderate (MOD) and maximal (MAX) intensities. Heart rate (HR), BP, blood lactate concentrations ([Lac ]), oxygen uptake (VO2), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during the experimental sessions, and during the 60 min recovery period. After this period, ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h. Study 2) ten individuals with T2D and prehypertension completed three sessions applied in random order: non-exercise control (CON) and exercise at moderate (MOD) and maximal (MAX) intensities. Heart rate (HR), BP, blood lactate concentrations ([Lac ]), oxygen uptake (VO2), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during the experimental sessions, and during the 60 min recovery period. After this period, ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h. Study 3) Thirty-two male CK athletes volunteered and underwent one CK session (50 min) anda control session. BP was measured during rest (before sessions), as well as on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th min of the post-exercise recovery. Study 4) We performed eight-weeks of randomized controlled trial in T2D patients and ND individuals. After initial screening, were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) trained T2D (T2DTRAINED; n = 9), (2) trained ND (NDTRAINED; n = 10), (3) control T2D (T2DCON; n = 8) and (4) control ND (NDCON; n = 7). NO and BP were determined before and after the intervention. Results: study 1) The ND group presented PEH of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) on the 90% L T session but T2D group did not. Plasma NO increased ~24.4% for ND and ~13.8% for T2D group 15min after the exercise session. Additionally, only ND individuais showed increases in PKA and BK in response to exercise and only T2D group showed increased desArg9-BK production. Study 2) Compared with CON, only MAX elicited post-exercise BP reduction that lasted for 8 h after exercise and during sleep. Study 3) The SBP, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP were significantly lower at the post-exercise period compared to pre-exercise rest (p<.05), with the largest reductions being observed at the 60th min of recovery and at the sarne periods of post-exercise recovery of the control session. Study 4) After eight weeks of RT (three times per week), the T2D and ND experimental groups decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 7.0 and 3.4 mmHg, respectively. However, the control groups showed maintenance (0.24 mmHg for T2D) or elevation (2.2 mmHg for ND) of systolic blood pressure. Although none of these changes were significant (p > .05). As regards the absolute values of BP, T2D subjects who did not undergo the training (T2DCON) tended (p = .057) to have increase SBP and significantly (p = .05) increased MAP. Conclusions: studyl) it was concluded that T2D individuals presented lower PKA, BK and NOx release as well as higher desArg9-BK production and reduced PEH in relation to ND participants after a single exercise session. Study 2) A single session of aerobic exercise resulted in 24 h BP reductions in individuals with T2D, especially while sleeping, and this reduction seems to be dependent on the intensity of the exercise performed. Study 3) a single CK session can promote a decrease in BP for at least 60 min after performing this type of exercise in young adults. Study 4) eight weeks of RT does not increase NO concentrations and, in tum, does not reduce BP in T2D patients-though it prevented its increase. / Introdu????o: o diabetes est?? associado com disfun????o endotelial, bem como com diversas desordens cardiovasculares, como hipertens??o arterial sist??mica (HAS). A HAS e o diabetes coexistem muito frequentemente. Aproximadamente, 60-65% dos diab??ticos s??o hipertensos. A coexist??ncia do diabetes e HAS pode reduzir a vasodilata????o endot??lio-dependente, que pode ser parcialmente explicada por uma reduzida produ????o ou resposta ao ??xido n??trico (ON) na nusculatura vascular lisa. Por outro lado, estudos t??m demonstrado que uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio pode promover redu????es significativas na press??o arterial (PA). Esta ocorr??ncia ?? conhecida como hipotens??o p??s-exerc??cio (HPE) e parece estar associada com a atividade do sistema calicre??na-cinina e libera????o do ON. Embora estudos tenham observado HPE em indiv??duos com diabetes tipo 2 (DT2), os mecanismos moleculares relacionados ?? sua ocorr??ncia n??o foram completamente elucidados. Adicionalmente, a prescri????o de intensidades de exerc??cio baseada em cargas relativas ao limiar de lactato (LL) t??m sido sugerida para indiv??duos com DT2. No entanto, apesar de estudos anteriores demonstrarem que os indiv??duos com DT2 apresentam HPE quando submetidos a exerc??cios em intensidades em torno LL . Existe evid??ncia que indiv??duos com DT2 apresentam menor atividade da calicre??na plasm??tica (ACP) em compara????o aos indiv??duos n??o diab??ticos, sugerindo uma menor libera????o de ON e redu????o da vasodilata????o endot??lio-dependente em resposta ao exerc??cio para essa popula????o. Contudo, para o nosso melhor conhecimento, ainda n??o foram realizadas investiga????es sobre as respostas integradas de ACP, bradicinina (BK), des-Arg9-bradicinina, ON e sua associa????o com a ocorr??ncia de HPE em indiv??duos com ou sem DT2. Ademais, salvo melhor ju??zo, existe apenas um estudo que tenha investigado os efeitos do exerc??cio f??sico (aer??bio e/ou resistido) sobre a resposta da PA de 24 horas em indiv??duos com DT2. Sem mencionar que tamb??m n??o ?? do nosso conhecimento, estudos que tenham investigado os efeitos de diferentes intensidades de exerc??cio aer??bio sobre a PA de 24 horas em indiv??duos com DT2. Somando a isso, diversos estudos t??m investigado os efeitos de diferentes modos de exerc??cio (aer??bio vs. resistido), intensidades, e dura????es, sobre as respostas da P A p??s-exerc??cio. Estudos sobre os efeitos de diferentes modalidades esportivas, especialmente artes marciais, tamb??m foram realizados, tais como: Tai Chi Chuan, Jiu Jitsu e Jud??. Contudo, at?? o presente momento, nenhum estudo investigou a resposta da P A ap??s uma ??nica sess??o de Carat?? de contato (CC). Vale ressaltar que a literatura cient??fica relacionada a esportes de combate t??m sido pouco explorada, especialmente em rela????o ??s vari??veis relacionadas com a sa??de ( ou seja, a redu????o da PA p??s-exerc??cio). A maioria dos estudos investigaram os par??metros relacionados com o desempenho em atletas, tornando a avalia????o de vari??veis relacionadas com a sa??de, uma evidente lacuna cient??fica. Portanto, investiga????es relacionadas a este assunto t??m sido fortemente encorajada. Cabe salientar que, dado as conhecidas complica????es do DT2 e as caracter??sticas da modalidade em quest??o ( elevado contato f??sico de alto impacto), torna-se prudente inicialmente investigar os efeitos de uma sess??o de CC sobre a resposta da P A p??s-exerc??cio em indiv??duos aparentemente saud??veis e posteriormente, se poss??vel, em popula????es especiais como diab??ticos e hipertensos. No que se refere ao exerc??cio cr??nico, em particular sobre o exerc??cio de for??a, a literatura dispon??vel a respeito dos seus efeitos sobre a resposta do ON e, por sua vez, sobre a PA em indiv??duos com DT2, ainda ?? muito incipiente. Para o melhor do nosso conhecimento, existem apenas dois ensaios cl??nicos randomizados sobre os efeitos do treinamento resistido (TR) sobre a resposta do ON e P A em pacientes com DT2, dos quais apenas um, verificou a resposta do ON juntamente com a P A frente ao TR. Portanto, h?? uma aparente falta de evid??ncias a respeito dos efeitos do TR sobre as respostas do NO e PA em pacientes com DT2. Objetivos: estudo 1) investigar e comparas as respostas de ACP, BK, desArg9-bradicinina, ON e PA ap??s uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio aer??bio realizada em intensidade moderada (90% da carga de LL) em indiv??duos com e sem DT2; estudo 2) verificar e comparar os efeitos de uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio aer??bio sobre a resposta da PA de 24 horas e verificar os efeitos da intensidade do exerc??cio aer??bio sobre a resposta da PA 24 h em indiv??duos com DT2 e pr??-hipertensos; estudo 3) avaliar os efeitos de uma ??nica sess??o de CC sobre a resposta da PA p??s-exerc??cio em adultos jovens; estudo 4) investigar os efeitos de oito semanas de TR sobre as respostas de ON e P A em pacientes com DT2 e seus pares controles. M??todos: estudo 1) Dez indiv??duos com e DT2 e 10 n??o diab??ticos (ND) foram submetidos a tr??s sess??es: 1) teste incremental m??ximo em bicicleta ergom??trica para determinar o limiar de lactato (LL); 2) 20 min de exerc??cio de carga constante em cicloerg??metro, em 90% L T e; 3) sess??o controle. PA e consumo de oxig??nio foram mensurados em repouso e aos 15, 30 e 45 min p??s-exerc??cio. Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas em 15 e 45 minutos do per??odo de recupera????o para posterior an??lise de ACP, BK e desArg9- bradicinina. ON foi analisado aos 15 minutos ap??s o exerc??cio. Estudo 2) Dez indiv??duos com diabetes tipo 2 e pr??-hipertens??o foram submetidos a tr??s sess??es aplicadas em ordem rand??mica: 1) controle ( CON), sem exerc??cio e exerc??cio em intensidades moderadas (MOD) e m??xima (MAX). A frequ??ncia card??aca (FC), P A, as concentra????es de lactato sangu??neo ([Lac ]), consumo de oxig??nio (V02) e taxa de percep????o de esfor??o (TPE) foram coletados em repouso, durante as sess??es experimentais e durante o per??odo de recupera????o de 60 min. Ap??s esse per??odo, a P A de 24 h foi monitorada. Estudo 3) Trinta e dois atletas CC foram submetidos a uma sess??o de CC (50 min) e uma sess??o CON. A PA foi medida durante o repouso, bem como aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 min da recupera????o p??s-exerc??cio. Estudo 4) Foi realizada oito semanas de estudo randomizado controlado em pacientes DT2 e ND). Ap??s a triagem inicial, foram distribu??dos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: (1) treinados com DT2 (TREINADODT2; n = 9), (2) treinados ND (TREINADOND; = n 1 O), ( 3) controle DT2 (CON DT2; n = 8) e (4) controle ND (CONND; n = 7). NO e BP foram determinadas antes e ap??s a interven????o. Resultados: estudo 1) somente o grupo n??o diab??tico (ND) apresentou HPE para press??o arterial sist??lica e press??o arterial m??dia na sess??o LT 90%. O ON plasm??tico aumentou ~ 24,4% no grupo ND e ~ 13,8% para o DT2 15 min ap??s a sess??o de exerc??cios. Al??m disso, apenas os indiv??duos ND mostraram aumentos de ACP e BK em resposta ao exerc??cio e somente os DT2 mostraram um aumento da produ????o desArg9-bradicinina. estudo 2) Ademais, comparado com a sess??o CON, somente a sess??o de exerc??cio MAX apresentou HPE, que durou at?? 8 h ap??s o exerc??cio e durante o sono. estudo 3) Em rela????o ao CC, a press??o arterial sist??lica (PAS), diast??lica (PAD) e press??o arterial m??dia (MAP) foi significativamente menor no per??odo p??s-exerc??cio em rela????o ao pr??-exerc??cio repouso, bem como em rela????o a sess??o CON, com as maiores redu????es sendo observadas aos 60 min de recupera????o. estudo 4) Ap??s oito semanas de RT, ambos os grupos experimentais (DT2 e ND), apresentaram diminui????o da PAS em 7,0 e 3,4 mmHg, respectivamente. No entanto, os grupos controle (DT2 e ND) demonstrou manuten????o (0,24 mmHg para DT2) ou eleva????o (2,2 mmHg para ND) da PAS. Embora nenhuma das mudan??as foram significativas (p> 0,05). Conclus??es: estudol) concluiu-se que os indiv??duos comDT2 apresentaram menor libera????o ACP, bradicinina e ON, bem como maior produ????o desArg9-bradicinina e reduzida HPE em rela????o aos participantes do grupo ND ap??s uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio. Estudo 2) uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio aer??bio resultou em redu????o da PA de 24 h em indiv??duos com DT2, especialmente durante o sono, e esta redu????o parece ser dependente da intensidade do exerc??cio realizado. Estudo 3) uma ??nica sess??o CC pode promover uma diminui????o da PA durante pelo menos 60 minutos depois de realizar este tipo de exerc??cio em adultos jovens. Estudo 4) oito semanas de TR n??o aumenta as concentra????es de ON e, por sua vez, n??o reduz a P A em indiv??duos com DT2, por??m parece impedir o seu aumento.