Die FIFA-Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft wurde 2002 erstmals von zwei Gastgebern gemeinsam ausgerichtet. Diese Kooperation entsprang jedoch nicht dem Wunsch der beiden Bewerber Südkorea und Japan, sondern es war eine Entscheidung der FIFA. Wie würden die beiden unfreiwilligen Partner mit dieser Situation umgehen? Würde die gemeinsame Gastgeberrolle vielleicht zu einer Chance werden, das gegenseitige Verhältnis zu verbessern? Betrachtet man die Fußballweltmeisterschaft aus der Perspektive der Mega-Event-Theorie, kann das Aufschluss in diesen Fragen geben. Die Ausrichtung eines Mega-Events ist eine einzigartige Gelegenheit sich der Welt darzustellen und gleichzeitig eine positive Selbstwahrnehmung zu erzeugen. Beides sind wichtige Faktoren bei dem Versuch, eine Nation auf der internationalen Bühne platzieren. Genau darum ging es auch den beiden Gastgebern Japan und Südkorea. Eine Analyse südkoreanischer und japanischer Monatszeitschriften zeigt, wie unterschiedlich dennoch die Erwartungen an und das Erleben der WM in den beiden Ländern waren. Während Japan sich durch die WM 2002 internationalisieren und das Lokale mit dem Globalen verbinden wollte, stand für Südkorea die Präsentation als dem Nachbarn Japan ebenbürtige Nation im Vordergrund. Der unterwartete Erfolg der südkoreanischen Mannschaft vermittelte den koreanischen Fans ein überwältigendes Gefühl der Einheit, das Stolz und ein neues Selbstbewusstsein hervorbrachte. Das frühe Ausscheiden der japanischen Mannschaft bewirkte unter ihren Fans ein sich Hinwenden zum koreanischen Team, wodurch eine unerwartet positive Koreaerfahrung und ein Gefühl der Gemeinschaft mit dem Nachbarland entstand. Auf diese Weise trug die unfreiwillige gemeinsame Gastgeberschaft dazu bei, dass beide Länder ihre ursprünglich mit der WM-Ausrichtung verbundenen Ziele besser umsetzen konnten, als es ihnen als alleiniger Ausrichter möglich gewesen wäre. / The 2002 FIFA Football World Cup was co-hosted by Japan and South Korea but this co-operation was not a voluntary one. What would the two unequal partners make out of FIFA’s decision? Could the co-hosting become a chance to improve their relation? To interpret the World Cup in terms of Mega-Event theory helps to answer these questions. A Mega-Event is not only a unique chance to promote one’s image to the world but also to create a positive self-image and self-awareness. Both are important processes for the relocation of a nation in the international society and both are what the hosting of a Mega-Event is about. It is here where one finds the Korean and Japanese motivation to host the World Cup 2002. An analyses of the discours in both countries monthly magazines shows how different the expectations were and how Korean and Japanese fans experienced the Event. While South Korea’s first aim was to show to the world its equal standing next to its neighbor Japan, the topics discussed in the Japanese World Cup discours suggest that internationalization was what Japan expected from hosting the Mega-Event. But when the competition started and the Korean team rushed from victory to victory the only thing that mattered were the overwelming emotions of unity millions of Koreans shared. This experience provided an unexpected sence of national pride and self-confidence that changed the Korean self-awareness. This changed attitude might be the most important outcome of Korea’s World Cup hosting. The Japanese team was kicked out of the competition more quickly but this paved the way for many Japanese fans to get more and more interested in the Korean team and to discover an unknown and fascinating Korea. The Japanese who had cheered for the Korean team experienced an unity with Korea no other event could possibly have caused. In these ways the unplaned co-hosting and its unexpected outcomes served both countries’ initial aimes better than a single-hosted Mega-Event would have done.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-04-24T17:29:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila3.pdf: 5588142 bytes, checksum: c419d53eb54e33c398cdfd5bf3d5faa3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T17:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila3.pdf: 5588142 bytes, checksum: c419d53eb54e33c398cdfd5bf3d5faa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research sought to understand the symbolic production of media discourses relating to World Cup 2014, identifying a possible amalgamation between the arguments of advertisements and news stories related to the event, mainly directed to the construction of a idealized fan. This theme was designed after identifying a more positive tone in advertising and journalistic materials directed to competition, during and after the riots of 2013 in Brazil, in which, among several guidelines, critical to the achievement of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil questioned the excessive governmental spending and local rights violations communities located in the host cities. As objects of study, was selected advertisements of sponsoring brands of the Brazilian Team and journalistic content of the Jornal Nacional and ESPNS’s SportsCenter, which were submitted to Discourse Analysis. In order to understand the communication processes and cultural practices involving this sport, we base the theoretical assumptions on Cultural Studies, seeking to understand the interface between football, the media discourse and cultural production of the media. We identify the reproduction of stereotypes consolidated about the Brazilian people, Brazil and, beyond that, trying to shape a committed supporter but docile. Among journalistic objects analyzed, the information contained in SportsCenter was the least approached this profile, but with the approach of the mega event, reports unveiled the ethos of the perfect Brazil and chimeric fan. / Esta pesquisa buscou entender a produção simbólica dos discursos midiáticos referentes à Copa do Mundo 2014, identificando um possível amálgama entre as argumentações de peças publicitárias e matérias jornalísticas referentes ao evento, sobretudo direcionadas à construção de um torcedor idealizado. Esse tema foi pensado após identificarmos um tom mais positivo nos materiais publicitários e jornalísticos dirigidos à competição, durante e após as manifestações de 2013, nas quais, entre diversas pautas, críticos à realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 no Brasil questionavam os gastos públicos excessivos e as violações dos direitos locais de comunidades localizadas em cidades-sede. Como objetos de estudo, selecionamos peças publicitárias de marcas patrocinadoras da Seleção Brasileira e conteúdos jornalísticos do Jornal Nacional e SportsCenter, que foram submetidos a uma reflexão subsidiada na Análise do Discurso e nos Estudo Culturais. A fim de compreendermos os processos comunicacionais e as práticas culturais que envolvem este esporte, nos pautamos nos pressupostos teóricos dos Estudos Culturais, buscando entender a interface entre o futebol, o discurso midiático e a produção cultural da mídia. Identificamos a reprodução dos estereótipos consolidados acerca do brasileiro, do Brasil e, para além disso, tentativa em moldar um torcedor engajado, mas docilizado. Entre os objetos jornalísticos analisados, os conteúdos divulgados pelo SportsCenter foi o que menos se aproximou deste perfil, embora com a aproximação do megaevento, reportagens desvelaram o ethos do Brasil perfeito e do torcedor quimérico.

Submitted by Maria Alice Nogueira (ma.nogueira@terra.com.br) on 2015-04-24T12:08:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARIA ALICE NOGUEIRA VERSÃO FINAL BIBLIOTECA 17042015.pdf: 9860732 bytes, checksum: 32f1821bc9f612cab49b6ab8aa794aa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-05-12T20:45:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARIA ALICE NOGUEIRA VERSÃO FINAL BIBLIOTECA 17042015.pdf: 9860732 bytes, checksum: 32f1821bc9f612cab49b6ab8aa794aa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-05-14T13:05:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARIA ALICE NOGUEIRA VERSÃO FINAL BIBLIOTECA 17042015.pdf: 9860732 bytes, checksum: 32f1821bc9f612cab49b6ab8aa794aa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:08:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARIA ALICE NOGUEIRA VERSÃO FINAL BIBLIOTECA 17042015.pdf: 9860732 bytes, checksum: 32f1821bc9f612cab49b6ab8aa794aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / In the world, today, everything is in motion. People, objects, values, information and images circulate each day more intensively and widely in a social environment which is fluid, connected and risky. When mobility becomes an important element of everyday experience and physical, geographic, virtual or imaginary displacements take front row in the relationships and radically alter the ways of life in all spheres – social, cultural, political and economic – then mobility culture imposes itself and involves everybody in new possibilities and experiences, as well as, in new constraints, risks and discourses that have to be studied. The ever going intense imbrication between mobility culture and advertising discourse constitutes the basis that sustains the thesis and stablishes the two fundamental premises in the study: first, that things in the world reaches the subject regardless of its immobility, by means of objects, information and images that circulate globally; second, that regardless of its commercial, persuasive and selling character, advertising can also be seen as a cultural good that expresses the culture to which it belongs. The articulation of these two premises constitutes the main interest and the object of this research: considering the act of advertising as representation of society, we intend to investigate, within the perspective of the New Mobility Paradigm, how movement is expressed in the advertisement discourse of global brands. The interpretation of global advertisement discourse aims at validating the hypothesis that there is consumption of (im)mobility when the person looks for objects that, depending on their availability (ready-to-hand) and on their potential of use in relation to the environment (affordance), support his everyday (im)mobility, with a certain amount of stability and less risk. The locus of the investigation was Brazil and the study focused its analysis on the 32 years encompassed in the period from 1982 to 2014. Advertisements of brands published in the magazine VEJA during the period of the three FIFA World Cups – 1982 in Spain; 1998 in France, and 2014 in Brazil were analysed. / No mundo, hoje, tudo está em movimento. Pessoas, objetos, valores, informação e imagens circulam cada dia mais intensa e extensamente em um ambiente social fluido, em rede e de riscos. Quando a mobilidade torna-se parte importante da experiência cotidiana e os deslocamentos físicos, geográficos, virtuais ou imaginativos tomam a frente nas relações e alteram radicalmente os modos de vida em todas as esferas - social, cultural, política e econômica -, nesse momento uma cultura da mobilidade se impõe e envolve a todos em novas possibilidades e experiências, assim como, em novos constrangimentos, riscos e discursos que devem ser estudados. O cada dia mais intenso imbricamento entre a cultura da mobilidade e o discurso publicitário constitui a base que sustenta a tese e que delineia as duas premissas fundamentais do estudo: a primeira, de que as coisas do mundo chegam até o sujeito apesar de sua imobilidade, por meio dos objetos, das informações e das imagens que circulam globalmente; e, a segunda premissa, de que a despeito de seu caráter comercial, persuasivo e de vendas, a publicidade também pode ser encarada como um bem cultural que expressa a cultura da qual faz parte. É na articulação destas duas premissas que reside o interesse primordial e o objeto de estudo da pesquisa: ao considerar o fazer publicitário como representação da sociedade, investigar, a partir da perspectiva do Paradigma das Novas Mobilidades, como o movimento é expresso discursivamente na publicidade das marcas globais. A interpretação do discurso publicitário global teve como objetivo validar a hipótese de que há um consumo de (i)mobilidade sendo feito quando o indivíduo sai em busca de objetos que, a partir de sua disponibilidade (ready-to-handness) e potencial de uso em relação ao ambiente (affordance), suportem sua (i)mobilidade cotidiana com certa estabilidade e menor risco. O locus da investigação é o Brasil e o estudo focou sua análise nos 32 anos relativos ao período de 1982 a 2014. Foram selecionados anúncios de marcas veiculados na revista Veja durante o período de três Copas do Mundo FIFA: de 1982, na Espanha; de 1998, na França; e de 2014, no Brasil, que cobrem o período proposto pela pesquisa.

Title: Large sporting events' brand identification Objectives: The main objective of this work is to identify the brand personality of Summer Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup by means of marketing research. Methods: In connection with the primary data collection a method of written and electronic questioning was used. The brand personality identification of the above mentioned brands was performed based on the brand personality measurement method according to Geuens, Weijters and De Wulf (2009). For the obtained data interpretation their statistical analysis was performed. Results: Based on the research results, the brand personality of Summer Olympic Games can be described by the dimensions Responsibility, Activity and Simplicity and by characteristics stable, responsible, active, dynamic and simple. The brand personality of FIFA World Cup can be described only by the dimension Activity and by characteristics active, dynamic and innovative. Keywords: Sports brand, brand personality, brand personality measurement, brand image, brand identity, Summer Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup.

Denna uppsats har sin utgångspunkt i genus- och gestaltningsteori och målet var att redogöra för de eventuella skillnader som existerar i Aftonbladets rapportering om svenska herrlandslaget i fotboll och svenska damlandslaget i fotboll. Detta genomfördes med en kvalitativ textanalys av totalt 8 artiklar som skrevs och publicerades om de respektive landslagen inför herrarnas VM 2018 och damernas VM 2019. Resultatet från studien kom att bekräfta vår tes om att skillnader faktiskt förekommer. Resultatet från studien som genomfördes påvisar tydliga skillnader vad gäller såväl artiklarnas huvudsubjekt, samt från vems eller vilkas perspektiv som artiklarna är skrivna utifrån. En tydlig indikator på den (icke)rådande balansen i rapporteringen var rollen som Svenska Fotbollförbundet (SvFF) iklädde sig i samband med de båda mästerskapen. SvFF och dess representanter figurerade ofta i samband med rapporteringen om herrlandslaget men betydligt mer sällan i samband med rapporteringen om damlandslaget ett år senare. Strukturen i rapporteringen om herrlandslaget framstår mer omfattande och gedigen jämfört med den om damlandslaget, något som inger känslan av att det är förstnämnda är skrivet på grund av att det existerar ett läsintresse och det sistnämnda på grund av att det behöver skrivas. Flera identifierade faktorer i studien understryker och förstärker det faktum att manligt fotbollsspelande betraktas som norm och kvinnligt fotbollsspelande som något avvikande. / The aim of this study was to find and reveal the differences in the reports about the Swedish men’s national football team and the Swedish women’s national football team in one of Sweden’s biggest newspaper - Aftonbladet. The theories applied in the study were gender theory and Gestalt theory. A qualitative text analysis was used while we examined 8 articles written and published during the days before each national team played their first game in the FIFA World Cup 2018 and the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2019. The result based upon the study points towards differences in how (and who) Aftonbladet use as the main subject of the articles, and also obvious differences in regards of the perspective presented in the articles. A clear indicator of the non-existing balance in the World Cup-coverage was the role of Swedish Football Federation (SvFF). SvFF and its representatives figured mainly in the coverage about the Swedish men’s national team while barely nothing at all in the coverage about the Swedish women’s national team during their World Cup one year later. The overall structure of the coverage about the men’s national team appears more solid and extensive compared to the coverage on the women’s national team. Several identified factors in the study emphasizes and strengthens the fact that men’s football is seen as normative while women’s football is seen as something deviant.

Title: Large sporting events' brand identification Objectives: The main objective of this work is to identify the brand personality of Summer Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup by means of marketing research. Methods: In connection with the primary data collection a method of written and electronic questioning was used. The brand personality identification of the above mentioned brands was performed based on the brand personality measurement method according to Geuens, Weijters and De Wulf (2009). For the obtained data interpretation their statistical analysis was performed. Results: Based on the research results, the brand personality of Summer Olympic Games can be described by the dimensions Responsibility, Activity and Simplicity and by characteristics stable, responsible, active, dynamic and simple. The brand personality of FIFA World Cup can be described only by the dimension Activity and by characteristics active, dynamic and innovative. Keywords: Sports brand, brand personality, brand personality measurement, brand image, brand identity, Summer Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Includes bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The onset of democracy in South Africa in 1994 was accompanied by the rise in bids for, and the hosting of sports mega-events so as to accomplish national interests and goals. This was done with the purpose of rebranding the South African image to the international community through national and international campaigns that sought to highlight the country’s aspirant status as a rainbow nation and its pan-Africanist ideals. This study investigates how, as host for the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, South Africa was reported on by two international online media newspapers, The New York Times (United States of America (USA)) and the Guardian (United Kingdom (UK)). The aim is to address an understudied aspect of South Africa’s hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ by reflecting systematically on the tone and content of international media portrayals of the event, both before and during the tournament. The study has two focuses. Firstly, it considers the motives for South Africa’s bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. Secondly, it appraises the content and nature of reporting in the two overseas newspapers. The study uses a mix of secondary and primary sources, which include academic journals, books, websites, newspaper articles and government and the FIFA websites. The findings of this study suggest that the bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ was based on the country’s positive experience from hosting previous sports mega-events. Additionally, South Africa wanted to showcase its commercial maturity, its development of physical infrastructure, and the presence of human skills. The motives underpinning the bid aimed at dispelling and challenging international misconceptions of the African continent. The novelty of an African country bidding to stage and hosting a sport mega-event such as the FIFA World Cup™ resulted in the country gaining extensive international media coverage from The New York Times and the Guardian. The qualitative and quantitative content analysis from these two newspapers yielded some commonality and recurrence of words such as: “stadium”, “tickets”, ‘vuvuzela”, “crime”, and “security”. The differences between the two newspapers were minimal, supporting the liberal-pluralist theoretical claim that the media acts as an agenda setter, and in line with the Marxist theory of the ideological role of the media. Media coverage of sports mega-events is important and influential in determining the way in which the host country is branded, and future studies are necessary to address the / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koms van demokrasie in Suid-Afrika in 1994 het gepaard gegaan met die toename in tenders en die gasheerskap van megasportgebeure om nasionale belange en doelwitte te bereik. Die doel was die herposisionering van die Suid-Afrikaanse beeld in die internasionale gemeenskap deur middel van nasionale en internasionale veldtogte wat daarna gestreef het om die land se reënboognasiebeeld en sy pan-Afrikanistiese ideale te beklemtoon. Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe Suid-Afrika, as gasheer vir die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker, deur twee internasionale aanlynmediakoerante, The New York Times (Verenigde State van Amerika) en die Guardian (Verenigde Koninkryk) uitgebeeld is. Die doel is om die meer onverkende aspekte van Suid-Afrika se gasheerskap onder oë te neem, en voorts om sistematiese peiling te doen van die toon en inhoud van internasionale media-uitbeeldings van die sport gebeurtenis. Die studie het twee fokuspunte. Eerstens word ondersoek ingestel na die motiewe van Suid-Afrika se bod om die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker aan te bied. Tweedens beoordeel dit die inhoud en aard van verslaggewing in die twee oorsese koerante. Die studie gebruik ’n mengsel van sekondêre en primêre bronne, insluitend akademiese tydskrifte, boeke, webwerwe, koerantberigte en die regering en FIFA se webwerwe. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie beklemtoon dat die motiewe van Suid-Afrika se bod om die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker aan te bied, gegrond was op die bewese positiewe prestasierekord wat die land as gasheer in vorige megasportgebeure opgebou het. Voorts wou Suid-Afrika sy kommersiële volwassenheid, die ontwikkeling van fisiese infrastruktuur, en die teenwoordigheid van mensvaardighede ten toon te stel. Die motiewe vir die bod was ook daarop gemik om internasionale wanopvattings oor die Afrika-vasteland uit te daag en uit die weg te ruim. Die ongekendheid van die aanbied van ’n megasportgebeurtenis soos die FIFA Wêreldbeker deur ’n Afrikaland, het daartoe gelei dat die land uitgebreide internasionale mediadekking in The New York Times en die Guardian geniet het. Die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe inhoudontleding het getoon dat daar ’n mate van gemeenskaplikheid en herhaling van woorde was, soos: “stadium”, “tickets”, “vuvuzela”, “crime” en “security”. Die verskille tussen die twee koerante was minimaal en ondersteun liberaal-pluralistiese teorie wat die media as ’n agenda steller uitwys. Dit ondersteun ook Marxistiese teorie oor die ideologiese rol van die media. Mediadekking van megasportgebeure is belangrik en invloedryk in die bepaling van die manier waarop die gasheerland as handelsmerk voorgestel word, en toekomstige studies is nodig om die onderbestudeerde aspekte van die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker ™ te ontleed. Dit sluit onder andere in, ontleding van die langtermyn ekonomiese, politieke en maatskaplike nalatenskappe van so ’n gebeurtenis.