Access to education is a central part of federal higher education policy, and federal grant and loan programs are in place to make college degrees more attainable for students. However, there is still controversy about whether there are unintended consequences of implementing and maintaining these programs, and whether they are effectively achieving the goal of increased accessibility. In order to answer questions about whether three specific types of federal aid cause higher tuition rates and whether these programs increase graduation rates, four ordinary least squares regression models were estimated. They include changes in both in-state and out-of-state tuition sticker prices, graduation rates, as well as changes in three types of federal aid, and other variables indicative of the value of a degree for four-year public universities in Arizona, California, Georgia, and Florida for years 2001-2011. The regressions indicate a positive effect of Pell Grants on in-state and out-of-state tuition and fees, a positive effect of disbursed subsidized federal loans on the change in number of degrees awarded, and a positive effect of Pell Grants on graduation rates.

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This thesis aims to study both French and Swedish return migration policies with a practical perspective. The paper constitutes an attempt to understand how governmental institutions (such as migration authorities) deal with return migration and to clarify significant issues related to migrants’ needs for determining a successful return. Through analyzing competent literature and secondary material as starting point,the conducted study gives an interesting approach on the problematic gap between voluntary return policies in theory and in practice.

Diese Dissertation untersucht die Beziehung zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Hintergrund einer Person und deren politischen sowie Bildungsentscheidungen. Im ersten Aufsatz zeige ich, dass Migranten durch ihr politisches Verhalten die politische Landschaft ihrer neuen Heimat verändern können. Nach der Unabhängigkeit Algeriens am 3. Juli 1962 flohen massenhaft französische Algerier nach Frankreich. Ich zeige, dass der Zustrom von Rückkehrern in einen Wahlkreis den Anteil der Stimmen für die rechtsextreme Partei kurz- und langfristig erhöhte. Zudem neigen die Kinder der Rückkehrer weniger zu linksgerichteten Ideologien und haben weniger tolerante Ansichten zur Einwanderung als Kinder ohne Migrationshintergrund. Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht, wie spezifische staatliche Hilfsprogramme die mittelfristigen Ergebnisse von Flüchtlingen beeinflussen, die als Kinder und junge Erwachsene migrierten. Unter den Flüchtlingen der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, die zwischen 1946 und 1961 nach Westdeutschland flohen, waren nur als "politische Flüchtlinge" anerkannte Personen ab 1953 für zielgerichtete Hilfsleistungen berechtigt. Wir finden positive Effekte der Hilfsberechtigung auf Bildungsabschluss und Einkommen bei Flüchtlingen, die im Alter von 15 bis 24 Jahren migrierten. Bei männlichen Flüchtlingen, die im Alter von 1 bis 14 Jahren migrierten, erhöhte die Hilfsberechtigung die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Einschreibung in den akademischen Zweig der Sekundarschule. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht, wie die bedingte Berechtigung zur finanziellen Unterstützung das Bewerbungsverhalten der Studierenden beeinflusst, anhand von Daten der französischen nationalen Bewerbungsplattform. Männliche Studierende passten ihre Bewerbungen an, sobald sie förderberechtigt waren, und bevorzugten Elite-Studiengänge gegenüber öffentlichen Universitäten. Bedingt förderberechtigte Frauen hingegen behielten ihre Studiengangswahl bei. / This thesis delves into the relationship between an individual's socioeconomic background and political and educational decisions. In the first essay, I show that migrants can transform the political landscape of the areas they settle in through their political behavior. Algeria became independent on July 3, 1962. Fearing for their safety, the French Algerians of European descent fled the country massively and suddenly that same year. I find that the inflow of repatriates into an electoral district increased the district’s voting share for the far-right in the short and longer term. In addition, I find that the children of repatriates are less likely to lean towards left-wing political ideologies than the children of natives. This is linked with them holding less tolerant views on immigration than their counterparts without migration background. The second essay in this thesis exploits a unique historical setting to investigate how refugee-specific government aid affects the medium-term outcomes of refugees who migrate as children and young adults. Among German Democratic Republic (GDR) refugees who escaped to West Germany between 1946 and 1961, only the subgroup acknowledged as being 'political refugees' were eligible for refugee-targeted aid, and only after 1953. We find positive effects of aid eligibility on educational attainment and income among male and female refugees who migrated as young adults (aged 15 to 24). Among male refugees who migrated as children (aged 1 to 14), we find that aid eligibility at arrival leads to an increased likelihood of enrollment in the academic track of secondary school. The last chapter of this thesis explores how conditional aid eligibility impacts students' application behaviors using data from the French platform Admission Post Bac. Male students adjusted their applications upon aid eligibility, favoring elite programs over public universities. Conditionally aid-eligible females maintained their program choices.

Tertiary education campuses are no more the heart of peacefulness and scholastic study. They are turned into battlefields, administration and lecture hall buildings become the objects of siege, invasion and occupation. This is caused by the demands by students for adequate financial aid, the declining financial resources from government and the government's call for more access to tertiary education especially for the historically disadvantaged students. The problems in tertiary education pertain not only to financial problems, they also include cultural diversity, social and political issues. The financial aid to tertiary institutions is the main theme in this research. The research is based on a study of international and South African tertiary education systems in order to find ways to manage student affairs in tertiary education effectively and efficiently and to establish management strategies that will be acceptable to students, management, parents, all stakeholders and interest groups. In the end the management in tertiary education institutions should be able to effect the transformation based on the profound deficiencies of the present system which inhibit Higher Education's ability to meet the moral, social and economic demands of the new South Africa in the context of national and global opportunities and challenges. / Educational Leadership and Management / M.Ed. (Educational Management)

The number of students enrolling in post-secondary institutions in the U.S. has slowly been rising over the last 10 years, yet gaps continue to exist in terms of who attends college and persists through graduation. Minority and low income students often lack the guidance needed to navigate the college enrollment process and as a result, remain underrepresented at U.S. colleges and universities. The prospect of attending college is frequently ruled-out based on fears surrounding college costs and lack of awareness and exposure to financial aid programs. This dissertation study looked at the impact of increased school counselor outreach on FAFSA completion and college enrollment in a large urban school district in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Researchers found robust treatment effects on both FAFSA completion .103 (sd=.01) and college enrollment .117 (sd=.01) suggesting a strong correlation between student contact with a school counselor and these two essential tasks for successful college matriculation. The opportunity gap was narrowed for all groups measured with the greatest improvement noted for African American, Asian, and Native American students. / Graduation date: 2013

Tertiary education campuses are no more the heart of peacefulness and scholastic study. They are turned into battlefields, administration and lecture hall buildings become the objects of siege, invasion and occupation. This is caused by the demands by students for adequate financial aid, the declining financial resources from government and the government's call for more access to tertiary education especially for the historically disadvantaged students. The problems in tertiary education pertain not only to financial problems, they also include cultural diversity, social and political issues. The financial aid to tertiary institutions is the main theme in this research. The research is based on a study of international and South African tertiary education systems in order to find ways to manage student affairs in tertiary education effectively and efficiently and to establish management strategies that will be acceptable to students, management, parents, all stakeholders and interest groups. In the end the management in tertiary education institutions should be able to effect the transformation based on the profound deficiencies of the present system which inhibit Higher Education's ability to meet the moral, social and economic demands of the new South Africa in the context of national and global opportunities and challenges. / Educational Leadership and Management / M.Ed. (Educational Management)

This study was interested in investigating the factors contributing to low completion rates at a TVET college in the North-West Province. There is not much research conducted on the low completion rates at TVET Colleges in South Africa. The study sought to explore the understanding of completion rates at TVET Colleges, the current completion rates and the causes and the strategies that might be employed to increase the completion rates. Qualitative methodology was used to collect data, using semi-structured interviews for all the focus group interviews. Collected data were transcribed, interpreted, analysed and the findings were presented. The study revealed that factors contributing to the low completion rates are finance and management issues, staff problems, policy factors, socio-economic factors and students’ personal factors that require attention in order to increase the completion rates. These include lecturer qualifications, student funding, inadequate infrastructure, drug and substance abuse, involvement of stakeholders and lack of adherence to policies. The study recommends proper administration of students’ bursaries, effective Quality Management System (QMS), lecturer development, adequate infrastructure and efficient policies to be implemented. The study might draw the attention of the DHET, the college management and other stakeholders in order to come up with interventions to remedy the low completion rates at TVET Colleges. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

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Economic abuse does not always appear in the context of domestic abuse,there are other forms of abuse that are more mentioned in politics and inmedia, for example physical and psychological abuse. Previous researchshows that economic violence is often linked to psychological and physicalviolence and that it is mainly women who are overrepresented in terms ofvulnerability to violence. The consequences of economic violence have provento be many and big, in some terms even life-long for the women who havebeen exposed to the violence.The purpose of the study is to gain an increased understanding of socialworkers' experiences in working with women who have been exposed toeconomic violence by men they have a relationship with, as well as the socialand economic consequences the exposed women are left with. The theoriesused in the study are Yvonne Hirdman's theory of gender, as well as Goffman'stheory of stigmatization and social exclusion.Eight interviews of social workers have been conducted to get a picture ofwhat consequences women who are exposed to economic violence have andwhat obstacles and opportunities the social workers see in their work withwomen exposed to violence. The results show that men's economic violenceagainst women has major consequences for women's lives. The results alsoshow that social workers see both obstacles and opportunities in their work tohelp women exposed to economic violence.