The Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 reaffirmed the school as the centre of change and as critical for promoting sustainable education. The purpose of this research was to assess, firstly, how the Eco-Schools Programme can achieve whole school development by implementing sustainability education, and secondly, the feasibility of its incorporation into the formal school system. It examined what impact the South African Eco-Schools Programme, since 2003, has had on the implementation of sustainable education through whole school development. The qualitative evaluation research design was used and data was collected through interviews, questionnaires and narratives that included all role players. It noted the strengths of the programmes already in place and identified the challenges that still need to be addressed. The outcome of the study proves that the Eco-Schools Programme does achieve whole school development by implementing sustainability education and should be incorporated into the formal education system. / Further Teacher Education / M.A. (Education)

Idén till denna studie kom när ett barn talade om att vår planet skulle må bättre om vi återanvände saker. Däri väcktes vår idé om en låne-/bytesplattform mellan förskolor av material som tillfälligt inte används på förskolan. Vår studie har förankrats teoretiskt i läroplansteori samt forskning om utbildning inom hållbar utveckling i barns tidiga levnadsår. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur verksamma inom förskolan förhåller sig till en låne-/bytesplattform, där material som inte används på en förskola återanvänds på en annan förskola, i arbetet för hållbar utveckling. Studien har genomförts i två delar, delstudie I och delstudie II utifrån kvantitativ metodik. Delstudie I omfattade 13 förskolor inom ett förskoleområde och bestod av ett projekt med en epostplattform för utbyte som skulle följas upp i form av en enkät. Delstudie I upphörde efter utebliven aktivitet bland verksamma inom förskoleområdet. Delstudie II genomfördes därefter i form av webbenkät publicerad på Facebook, för att nå ut till olika delar i landet med flera verksamma personer inom förskolan. Resultatet från delstudie II visade att en större del av de 60 respondenterna ansåg att en låne/bytesplattform kunde ha en positiv effekt på den hållbara utvecklingens tre dimensioner dvs. ekonomisk, social och ekologisk hållbarhet. Dels uppfattade respondenterna att låne-/bytesplattformen var miljövänligt och ekonomiskt fördelaktigt men också ett sätt för barnen att skapa förståelse för andra människors livssituationer. Dock visade resultatet från båda delstudierna att olika faktorer kan påverka låne-/bytesplattormens tillämpning på förskolorna. Studien i sin helhet visar att det finns en potential för en låne-/bytesplattform och att den har inverkan på arbetet med hållbar utveckling inom förskolan.

Soit G un groupe algébrique semi-simple sur un corps de caractéristique 0. Ce mémoire discute d'un théorème d'annulation de la cohomologie supérieure du faisceau D des opérateurs différentiels sur une variété de drapeaux de G. On démontre que si P est un sous-groupe parabolique de G, alors H^i(G/P,D)=0 pour tout i>0. On donne en fait trois preuves indépendantes de ce théorème. La première preuve est de Hesselink et n'est valide que dans le cas où le sous-groupe parabolique est un sous-groupe de Borel. Elle utilise un argument de suites spectrales et le théorème de Borel-Weil-Bott. La seconde preuve est de Kempf et n'est valide que dans le cas où le radical unipotent de P agit trivialement sur son algèbre de Lie. Elle n'utilise que le théorème de Borel-Weil-Bott. Enfin, la troisième preuve est attribuée à Elkik. Elle est valide pour tout sous-groupe parabolique mais utilise le théorème de Grauert-Riemenschneider. On présente aussi une construction détaillée du faisceau des opérateurs différentiels sur une variété. / Let G be a semisimple algebraic group on a field of characteristic 0. This thesis discusses a vanishing theorem for the higher cohomology of the sheaf D of differential operators on a flag variety of G. We show that if P is a parabolic subgroup of G, then H^i(G/P,D)=0 for all i>0. In fact, we give three independent proofs of this theorem. The first proof, due to Hesselink, only works if the parabolic subgroup P is a Borel subgroup. It uses a spectral sequence argument as well as the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem. The second proof, due to Kempf, only works if the unipotent radical of P acts trivially on its Lie algebra. It only uses the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem. Finally, the third proof, due to Elkik, is valid for any parabolic subgroup. However, it uses the Grauert-Riemenschneider theorem. We also present a detailled construction of the sheaf of differential operators on a variety.

Soit G un groupe algébrique linéaire complexe, simple, connexe et simplement connexe. Étant donné un sous-groupe parabolique P G et un idéal nilpotent n p, il existe un morphisme propre d’effondrement G x P n = Gn. Il se factorise en une variété affine et normale N := SpecC [G P n] que nous appelons variété nilpotente. Sous l’hypothèse que l’effondrement soit génériquement fini, nous décrivons le groupe des classes de diviseurs équivariants de N à l’aide de C[N]-modules réflexifs équivariants de rang 1. Un représentant de chaque classe peut être choisi comme les sections globales d’un fibré en droite sur G x P' n' où G x P' n' = Gn' est un effondrement possiblement distinct qui se factorise à travers la même variété nilpotente. Dans le cas où le groupe G est de type A ou dans le cas d’un effondrement provenant de certains diagrammes de Dynkin pondérés spécifiques, nous démontrons que les représentants proviennent de poids qui peuvent être choisis comme dominants. Dans ce cas, nous démontrons que si le module représente un élément torsion du groupe des classes, alors il est Cohen–Macaulay. Nous en déduisons un théorème d’annulation en cohomologie. / Let G be a simple, connected, simply connected complex linear algebraic group with parabolic subgroup P G and nilpotent ideal n p. The proper collapsing map G x P n = Gn factors through the normal affine variety N := SpecC [G x P n] which is called a nilpotent variety. Assuming the collapsing is generically finite, we describe the equivariant divisor class group of N using rank 1 reflexive equivariant C[N]-modules. A representative of each class may be chosen as global sections of a line bundle over G x P' n' where G x P' n' = Gn' is a possibly distinct collapsing that factors through the same nilpotent variety. Assuming either G is of type A or the collapsing comes from specific weighted Dynkin diagrams,we showthat each representative arise from a weight that may be chosen dominant. Moreover, if the module represents a torsion element within the class group, then it is Cohen– Macaulay and we deduce a cohomological vanishing theorem.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Zoology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The unprecedented expansion in human population and industry, since the industrial revolution in the late 1700s, has led to increased anthropogenic activities which have indisputably impacted freshwater ecosystems and biological communities therein, including fish. Although this has understandably been the focus, under natural aquatic conditions, no organism is only affected by pollution. Parasites have also been shown in a number of interdisciplinary studies to affect the health of aquatic hosts (amphibians, crustaceans, fish, and mammals). This is illustrated in a number of comprehensive studies the detrimental effects parasites exacerbate when their hosts (fish) are stressed. Therefore, the ability of parasites to interact with anthropogenic stressors, as well as effects they have on the genetic, cellular or tissue level of their host is crucial in conservation and sustaining aquatic biodiversity. As such, the present study examined the combined effects of pollution and metazoan parasites on the health and oxidative stress biomarkers, evaluated for the first time for silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) and rednose mudfish, Labeo rosae Steindachner, 1894, in one of South Africa’s impacted freshwater ecosystems, Flag Boshielo Dam, Olifants River System, Limpopo Province. Seasonal surveys were conducted from February 2012–January 2013. A total of 111 H. molitrix and 116 L. rosae fish specimens were collected using conventional angling gear, scoop and gill nets with stretched mesh sizes of 30–110 mm. The two selected cyprinid fish species were assessed for oxidative stress biomarkers [Glutathione S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)] and parasitism of metazoan parasites. Concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in the gill and liver tissue were measured to assess how these major organs of the immune system responded to oxidative stress associated with parasitic infections. In addition, water quality analyses were carried out by testing an assay of physico-chemical parameters to establish the level of contamination. Fish health was assessed using the Health Assessment Index (HAI), refined Parasite Index (PI), Inverted Parasite Index (IPI) and Condition Factor (K) protocols. Relative to previous studies at Flag Boshielo Dam, water quality results showed an increase of nutrients, major ions and several metals which may have adverse effects that may comprise fish health; however, this dam remains moderately polluted in a mesotrophic state. The fish health assessment results indicated that H. molitrix was more affected in terms of the necropsy and parasite based assessments (HAI, IPI and K) with mean±SD of 65.68±35.51; 68.29±25; 0.82±0.20, respectively, as compared to 39.14±22.44; 28.79±18.33; 1.17±0.21 for L. rosae during the study. In addition, significantly higher parasitic infections (mean prevalence of infection with any species of parasite = 45.3±0.13) were observed for H. molitrix than L. rosae (12.0±0.05). Furthermore, there was considerable variation in biomarker concentration between highly infected and non-infected fish, for and between each species and tissues with regard to parasite infection, suggesting that the specific functions of each tissue are associated with their susceptibility to oxidative stress, as well as their ability to defend against oxidative damage. These results illustrate that although fish are affected by aquatic contaminants they are to an extent affected by parasites, which may act synergistically on the health of the two fish species. Most importantly, it was suggested that knowledge on the parasites of alien H. molitrix when compared to indigenous L. rosae may give an indication of how adaptive this fish are to new localities as well as expands the information on the rarely studied biology, epizootiology and ecological interactions of these two cyprinid species. Keywords: Health Assessment Index, refined Parasite Index, Inverted Parasite Index, Condition Factor, water quality, lipid peroxidation, Glutathione S-transferase, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Labeo rosae, Flag Boshielo Dam.

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This diploma thesis is focused on teoretical and practial aspects in the creation of trading strategie on FOREX market. The thesis include indicator and strategy that are build for tradning with EUR/USD currency. The designed strategy is developed in MetaTrader enviroment in MetaQuotes programming language. Indicator is optimalized on historical dates and choose settings for indicator to profit.

The thesis is concerned with a prominent phenomenon of the mountain areas - the anemo- orographic systems which occur as a consequence of the collaboration of prevailing winds and of the large windward valleys, the summit flattened surfaces and the leeward slopes. Their presence has a vast influence of numerous physical-geographical realms, mainly due to the highly uneven spatial snow cover distribution within these systems. The focus of the thesis lies on the highest elevations of the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. which reach or exceed the alpine treeline. In this area, the anemo-orographic systems were already defined earlier but a thorough description and of their presence and activity has not been carried out so far, which is the main aim of the thesis. A detailed and spatially compact mapping and measurement of the flag or banner trees has been performed, as these, thanks to their deformed asymmetric shape, attest to the prevailing or mean wind direction as well as its velocity with a high accuracy. As a secondary and comparative data source the meteorological measurements from the summits of Praděd and Šerák Mounts and a modern and detailed wind model has been used. A verification measurement of snow cover depth at selected locations under presumed strong wind action was executed as well. The acquired...

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Débutée par l’étude des règles communautaires engendrées par le naufrage de l’Erika, la présente recherche s’est affinée autour de la relation entre sécurité maritime et protection du milieu marin tout en s’enrichissant de l’observation des règles internationales. Dès lors, l’idée retenue fut d’étudier la collision entre deux éléments ni équivalents, ni complètement différents et de voir ce que ce « big-bang » juridique avait pu provoquer.La première partie envisagera le renouvellement de la fonction de sécurité maritime autour de la finalité de protection du milieu marin. En effet, vers le milieu du XXème siècle, l’apparition des préoccupations environnementales vient déséquilibrer la répartition classique des compétences entre l’Etat du pavillon et l’Etat côtier. La liberté, principe fondateur de l’ordre des mers, se transforme pour s’adapter aux réalités de la protection du milieu marin. Elle devient alors le principe d’utilisation durable de la mer, nouvelle clé de la répartition des souverainetés en mer. Une forme de gouvernance environnementale de la sécurité maritime paraît se constituer autour de l’Organisation maritime internationale et de l’Union européenneLa seconde partie permettra de mettre en lumière la redéfinition de l’espace normatif de sécurité maritime au prisme de l’objectif de prévention des pollutions. A l’origine, les règles de sécurité maritime avaient pour but de protéger l’entreprise maritime contre les dangers de la mer. Désormais, il s’agit de protéger la biosphère pour sauvegarder l’humanité et ses générations futures. C’est pourquoi la sécurité maritime classique, devenue insuffisante, évolue vers une notion plus moderne, « environnementale ». / Begun with the study of the European Union rules engendered by the wreck of Erika, the present research was refined around the relation between marine safety and marine environment protection while growing rich of the observation of the international rules. From then on, the idea was to study the collision between two elements neither equivalents, nor completely different and to see what this legal "big-bang" had provoke.The first part will envisage the renewal of the function of marine safety around the purpose of marine environment protection. Indeed, by the middle of the XXth century, the appearance of the environmental concerns comes to destabilize the classic distribution of the skills between the flag State and the coastal State. The freedom, founding principle of the order of seas, has been transformed to adapt itself to the realities of the marine environment protection. It becomes then the principle of sustainable use of the sea, the new key of the distribution of sovereignties on the sea. A shape of environmental governance of the maritime safety appears to establish around the International Maritime Organization and the European Union.The second part will allow to bring to light the redefining of the normative space of maritime safety in the prism of the objective of prevention of the pollutions. Originally, the regulations of marine safety aimed at protecting the sailormen against the dangers of the sea. Henceforth, it is today a question of protecting the biosphere, the humanity and its future generations. That is why the classic marine safety, become insufficient, evolves towards a more modern, " environmental " notion.