Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3915_1.pdf: 658132 bytes, checksum: 9452ccb61df56ff002147b56645e531a (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de ampliar o debate acerca do FPE e de novos indicadores e critérios que poderiam participar do cálculo de rateio, com vistas a uma maior equalização fiscal. Partimos inicialmente com algumas questões de caráter introdutório sobre o federalismo e passamos, na seqüência, para a discussão mais especifica a respeito do FPE. Portanto, o enfrentamento recente dos problemas sociais brasileiros esbarrou nas formas de financiamento definidas em nosso pacto federativo e o Fundo de Participação dos Estados - FPE é criticado, embora a descentralização seja desejável. Mecanismos como FPE são fundamentais como moduladores das disponibilidades financeiras entre estados marcados pela desigualdade. O FPE tem o papel de "promover o equilíbrio socioeconômico entre os Estados". É um mecanismo de equalização, contudo o rateio dos recursos do FPE baseado na população e na renda per capita deve já não estar refletindo as necessidades oriundas de fenômenos urbanos recentes ou de desigualdades de crescimento. O FPE modifica a divisão regional de receita e é a maior transferência brasileira para os estados, no entanto ofuscam-se as desigualdades intra-regionais. Estados com problemas sociais semelhantes recebem valores de FPE per capita bastantes distintos. A análise do ICMS mostra a necessidade do FPE como redistribuidor de valores e nivelador da disponibilidade estadual por habitante. Os efeitos moduladores do FPE também se revelam através da análise da receita corrente dos estados. Contudo o FPE não leva em conta indicadores importantes tais como a arrecadação própria e outras transferências. Essa é uma das críticas mais recorrentes ao FPE, a da não-inclusão do esforço fiscal dos Estados como um dos critérios para o rateio. O estudo em foco analisa esta e outras possibilidades. Por fim o estudo traz algumas considerações finais sobre possíveis diretrizes para orientar a formulação de novos modelos de rateio

The feature positive effect (FPE) is a phenomenon in discrimination learning by which learning occurs more quickly when the presence (Feature positive; FP), rather than absence (Feature negative; FN) of a stimulus indicates a response should be made. Although the FPE has been extensively corroborated, a reversal, or feature negative effect (FNE), has been found when a target stimulus comes from a smaller set of stimuli (Fiedler, Eckert, & Poysiak, 1988). Age differences in FP and FN learning indicate that older adults perform more poorly than young adults on both FP and FN tasks, and are likely related to decline in working memory (WM) throughout adulthood (Mutter, Haggbloom, Plumlee, & Schrimer, 2006). This study used a successive discrimination task to compare young and older adults’ performance across FP and FN conditions under low (three of a set of four stimuli were presented) and high (three of a set of six stimuli were presented) information load (IL). Results from rule articulation, final incorrect and 12 consecutive trials correct did not support the hypotheses, but trend analyses provided partial support. Under low IL, YA demonstrated a FN response bias whereas OA showed no bias. Under high IL, YA and OA demonstrated equivalent performance whether the target stimulus was present or absent in the FP condition. In the FN condition OA performed better when the target stimulus was absent while YA showed no bias. These findings indicate FN task performance varies by age and this variation changes based on IL condition.

O presente trabalho se localiza no diálogo entre a atuação da Frente Parlamentar Evangélica e Apoio à vida (FPE) e a Teologia Pública em temas relacionados à participação social, dentro do escopo maior da relação entre religião e sociedade, como um jeito próprio de aproximação das igrejas de viés conversionistas aos temas da política nacional. O trabalho é organizado em três capítulos, sendo o primeiro relativo a considerações sobre a FPE e sua história e atuação, enquanto o segundo traz características e impressões a respeito das novas configurações do mundo evangélico e do debate político pela internet. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo encontram-se algumas considerações sobre a atuação da FPE a partir da Teologia Pública como uma ferramenta reflexiva e crítica dos pressupostos erigidos como princípios defendidos pelos parlamentares evangélicos reunidos na FPE. / This paper focuses on the dialog between the work of the Frente Parlamentar Evangélica [Evangelical Parlamentary Front], Apoio à vida (FPE) [Support of Life] and Public Theology on themes related to social participation, within the broader scope of the relation between religion and society, as a specific way of approximating the churches of conversion leanings to the national political themes. The work is organized in three chapters, being the first about considerations of the FPE and it history and work, while the second brings characteristics and impressions with regard to the new configurations of the Evangelical world and the political debate on internet. Finally, in the third chapter, there are some considerations about the work of the FPE using Public Theology as a tool for reflective and critical considerations of the presuppositions lifted up as principles defended by the Evangelical parliamentarians gathered in the FPE.

The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation and sustainability of Free Primary Education (FPE) in Swaziland in terms of the interplay between policy and practice. The study was undertaken in four schools in the Manzini region of Swaziland. The schools were purposively sampled on the basis of their location. The participants consisted of the head teacher, a teacher and a parent, and six learners from each of the schools. Two Ministry of Education and Training (MoET) officials were also included; a regional inspector for primary schools stationed at the Manzini Regional Education Offices (REOs) and a senior official stationed at MoET headquarters. A qualitative approach and a case study design were used. The participants were interviewed using semi-structured interview schedules, while the learners were engaged in focus group interviews at each school which were conducted according to a focus group interview schedule. Documents were also used as data sources. Data was analysed using a thematic and document analysis approach. The findings revealed a disconnection between policy and practice. FPE implementers are not well versed on the policies they are supposed to implement as they were not included in the policy-making process. Moreover, no consideration had been given to the legal framework underpinning FPE. It was found that the sustainability of FPE is threatened by certain indirect costs of schooling as well as the top-up fees that are being charged illegally by some schools, resulting in some learners dropping out of school – defeating the purpose of FPE and violating their right to access education. It would appear that the most contentious issue for FPE in Swaziland is the top-fee, although the head teachers were of the view that the FPE grant paid by government is inadequate for running schools and therefore top-up fees are necessary. Problems were also identified with the embezzling of school funds by head teachers. These issues have led to tension between schools and the MoET / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation and sustainability of Free Primary Education (FPE) in Swaziland in terms of the interplay between policy and practice. The study was undertaken in four schools in the Manzini region of Swaziland. The schools were purposively sampled on the basis of their location. The participants consisted of the head teacher, a teacher and a parent, and six learners from each of the schools. Two Ministry of Education and Training (MoET) officials were also included; a regional inspector for primary schools stationed at the Manzini Regional Education Offices (REOs) and a senior official stationed at MoET headquarters. A qualitative approach and a case study design were used. The participants were interviewed using semi-structured interview schedules, while the learners were engaged in focus group interviews at each school which were conducted according to a focus group interview schedule. Documents were also used as data sources. Data was analysed using a thematic and document analysis approach. The findings revealed a disconnection between policy and practice. FPE implementers are not well versed on the policies they are supposed to implement as they were not included in the policy-making process. Moreover, no consideration had been given to the legal framework underpinning FPE. It was found that the sustainability of FPE is threatened by certain indirect costs of schooling as well as the top-up fees that are being charged illegally by some schools, resulting in some learners dropping out of school – defeating the purpose of FPE and violating their right to access education. It would appear that the most contentious issue for FPE in Swaziland is the top-fee, although the head teachers were of the view that the FPE grant paid by government is inadequate for running schools and therefore top-up fees are necessary. Problems were also identified with the embezzling of school funds by head teachers. These issues have led to tension between schools and the MoET. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Ce mémoire a pour objectif de clarifier la position de Timothy Williamson dans la problématique de la norme de l’assertion. Le premier chapitre permet de circonscrire la perspective strictement épistémologique adoptée par Williamson. Le second chapitre met en relief trois thèses de Williamson qui portent sur la connaissance et permet de dégager les grandes lignes de l’explication épistémique qu’il propose pour l’assertion. La première de ces thèses fait de la connaissance la norme de l’assertion dans le sens où la connaissance est la seule règle constitutive de l’assertion. La seconde thèse examinée fait de la connaissance un état mental factif. Il s’agit d’un état mental particulier qui met en relation causale le monde et l’esprit. La dernière thèse mise en relief défend l’idée selon laquelle la connaissance est équivalente aux éléments probants de l’agent. Le mémoire a pour objectif de démontrer que ces thèses comprises ensembles impliquent que la position de Williamson est radicalement réaliste, invariantiste et externaliste. Le troisième et dernier chapitre cherche à contraster la position de Williamson avec celle de Keith DeRose dans le but de clarifier les conséquences conceptuelles de l’analyse de Williamson. Les principales conclusions à tirer du mémoire sont les suivantes : l’explication épistémique de l’assertion apportée par Williamson est à la fois robuste, informative et ne peut être importée que dans un cadre radicalement réaliste.

Telemetry data has great value, as setting up a framework to collect and gather it involve significant costs. Further, the data itself has product diagnostic significance and may also have strategic national security importance if the product is defense or intelligence related. This potentially makes telemetry data a target for acquisition by hostile third parties. To mitigate this threat, data security principles should be employed by the organization to protect telemetry data. Data security is in an important element of a layered security strategy for the enterprise. The value proposition centers on the argument that if organization perimeter/internal defenses (e.g. firewall, IDS, etc.) fail enabling hostile entities to be able to access data found on internal company networks; they will be unable to read the data because it will be encrypted. After reviewing important encryption background including accepted practices, standards, and architectural considerations regarding disk, file, database and application data protection encryption strategies; specific data security options applicable to telemetry post processing environments will be discussed providing tangible approaches to better protect organization telemetry data.

The world is facing a global waste crisis due to half of the waste produced not being collected, treated or safely disposed of. Waste not managed in a proper way causes air and water pollution and has negative health and social impacts on people living or working close to the waste. Alt- hough evidence shows that implementing gender approaches improves environmental issues, and the majority of waste pickers are women, few organisations focused on waste management are implementing gender mainstreaming into their work. This case study examines gender main- streaming within the organisation Women in Informal Employment: Globalising and Organising (WIEGO) in relation to environmental issues. WIEGO is an international organisation working to increase the voice, visibility and validity of the working poor, with a special emphasis on women, with a core project that supports cooperative waste picker women in Brazil. The study was conducted through two interviews on local and international level and the analysis of 20 documents describing WIEGO and its work. The theories and concepts of gender mainstreaming, intersectionality, Feminist Political Ecology and Environmental Justice were used to analyse the results. The study showed that WIEGO was implementing gender mainstreaming in their opera- tive work, in the policy framework and in the waste picker projects in Brazil which has resulted in physical and emotional improvements for WIEGO employees internationally and waste pick- ers in Brazil. <<< / Världen står inför en global avfallshanteringskris där hälften av allt avfall som produceras inte insamlas, hanteras eller kasseras på ett säkert sätt. Avfall som inte hanteras säkert skapar luft- och vattenföroreningar och har negativa hälsosamma och sociala effekter för människor som lever eller arbetar nära avfallet. Trots att forskning visar att genusperspektiv förbättrar miljö- problem, och att majoriteten av avfallshanterare är kvinnor, fokuserar få organisationer som hanterar avfall på ”gender mainstreaming” i sitt arbete. Denna fallstudie undersöker ”gender mainstreaming” i organisationen Women in Informal Employment: Globalising and Organising (WIEGO) i relation till miljöproblem. WIEGO är en internationell organisation som arbetar med att öka inflytandet, synligheten och validiteten hos fattiga arbetande, med ett särskilt fokus på kvinnor, med ett kärnprogram som stöttar kooperativ av avfallshanterande kvinnor i Brasi- lien. Studien genomfördes med två intervjuer på lokal och internationell nivå och analys av 20 dokument som beskriver WIEGO och dess arbete. Teorierna och koncepten ”gender mainstrea- ming”, intersektionalitet, Feministisk Politisk Ekologi och miljörättvisa användes för att analy- sera resultaten. Studien visar att WIEGO använder sig av ”gender mainstreaming” i sitt opera- tiva arbete, i sitt policyramverk och i avfallshanteringsprojekten i Brasilien, vilket resulterat it fysiska och emotionella förbättringar för WIEGOs internationellt anställda och för de avfalls- hanterande kvinnorna i Brasilien.

Submitted by Felipe Scudeler Salto (felipessalto@gmail.com) on 2013-03-22T02:43:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe_Salto_Dissertação_Mestrado_Final.pdf: 1016459 bytes, checksum: d03421e075022dabc8f79a43f1d1fe0b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-03-22T13:10:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe_Salto_Dissertação_Mestrado_Final.pdf: 1016459 bytes, checksum: d03421e075022dabc8f79a43f1d1fe0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-22T13:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe_Salto_Dissertação_Mestrado_Final.pdf: 1016459 bytes, checksum: d03421e075022dabc8f79a43f1d1fe0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / O compromisso político com a redução da desigualdade regional é antigo e reaparece, na história do Brasil, em todos os momentos de rediscussão do pacto federativo. Um dos instrumentos centrais de sustentação do federalismo fiscal é a partilha de receitas arrecadadas, de maneira centralizada, pela União. No Brasil, o Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE), criado em 1967, responde pela função de partilha, entre os estados, das receitas arrecadadas com impostos federais. O presente trabalho propõe um modelo de análise do FPE, tendo como objetivo avaliar seus impactos sobre a dinâmica de redução da desigualdade interestadual observada no período recente. Em verdade, busca-se avaliar se as expectativas dos atores políticos que engendraram a criação do fundo se confirmaram, isto é, se a partilha de receitas entre os estados foi eficaz para promover a redução das disparidades regionais no processo de desenvolvimento econômico ocorrido no Brasil. / The political commitment to reducing regional inequality is old and reappears in the history of Brazil, at all times of discussion of the federative pact. One of the central instruments of support of fiscal federalism is the sharing of revenues collected by the central government. In Brazil, the State Participation Fund (FPE), created in 1967, is responsible for the function of sharing the revenues collected centrally. This paper proposes an analytical model of FPE, aiming to evaluate their impact on the dynamics of inequality reduction interstate observed in the recent period. In fact, we seek to assess whether the expectations of political actors who engineered the creation of the fund is confirmed, that is, if the revenue sharing between states was effective to promote the reduction of regional disparities in economic development process occurred in Brazil.