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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Fallförebyggande teamarbete för den äldre personen inom kommunal vård : En kvalitativ intervjustudie / Fall prevention teamwork for the elderly person in municipal care

Carlsson, Ida, Harnisch, Madelene January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: Äldre personer över 65 år är överrepresenterade i fallolyckor i Sverige. Som sjuksköterska i kommunal vård ställs det stora krav på ett fungerande fallförebyggande teamarbete, detta för att minska lidande för patienten och för kostnaderna för hälso- och sjukvården och samhället  Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplever det fallförebyggande teamarbetet för den äldre personen i ordinärt boende i kommunal vård.  Metod: Empirisk kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats. Fokusgruppsintervjuer med nio sjuksköterskor som arbetade med vård av äldre inom kommunal vård, i en kommun i mellersta Sverige. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Det behövs struktur i sjuksköterskans fallförebyggande arbete, behov av samarbete med rehab, baspersonal och områdeschefer inom hemtjänsten i kommunen. Organisationen och brist på otydligt ledarskap samt arbete under två olika lagar, SOL och HSL är ett hinder för ett fallförebyggande teamarbete. Det finns brister i kommunikationen och informationsöverföringen. Beslut om arbetssätt inför ett fallförebyggande teamarbete önskas samt ett projekt för detta och någon som skulle leda detta projekt behövs. Patientens självbestämmanderätt och autonomi är ett hinder i ett fallförebyggande teamarbete.  Slutsats: Ett fallförebyggande teamarbete kräver tydligt ledarskap med tydliga roller, förbättrad kommunikation och informationsöverföring. Översikt av hur baspersonalen och sjuksköterskorna planerar sin arbetstid behövs. / Background: Older people over the age of 65 are over-represented in fall accidents in Sweden. As a nurse in municipal care, great demands are placed on a functioning fall prevention teamwork, in order to reduce suffering for the patient and for the costs of the health and medical care.  Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how nurses experiences the fall prevention teamwork for the older person in ordinary living in municipal care. Method: Empirical qualitative study with inductive approach. Focus group interviews with nine nurses who worked with the care of the elderly in municipal care in a municipality in central Sweden. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.  Results: A fall prevention teamwork requires leadership with clear roles.  The organization and lack of clear leadership, communication and working under two different laws, SOL and HSL turned out to be an obstacle to fall prevention teamwork. Decisions on working methods, a project for this and someone who would lead this project were needed. Improvements in the structure experienced nurse were needed. Patient's self-determination and autonomy is an obstacle in case-prevention teamwork.  Conclusion: The organization needs to give the nurses the opportunity to develop teamwork with clear roles in fall prevention teamwork. Improved communication and information transfer is needed. Overview of how basic staff and nurses plan their working hours is needed.
52

Intervenção psicoeducativa e tecnológica para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas / Psychoeducational and technological intervention for prevention of falls in the elderly

Silva, Lais dos Santos Vinholi e 02 May 2018 (has links)
As novas tecnologias têm sido aliadas a uma série de programas que visam melhorar a vida dos idosos. Embora o número de trabalhos que aliem novas tecnologias às intervenções psicoeducacionais seja crescente, a produção ainda é timida e não há registros de estudos que aliem dispositivos móveis com intervenções psicoeducativas visando promover a prevenção de quedas em idosos. Objetivos: Apresentar evidências científicas de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o efeito de intervenções educativas associadas ou não ao treinamento físico no medo de quedas em pessoas idosas. Apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma intervenção educativa e tecnológica para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas. Apresentar os resultados do piloto de uma intervenção educativa e tecnológica para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas quanto a caracterização da amostra e teste piloto da intervenção psicoeducativa isolada e associada ao treinamento físico. Métodos: Foram convidados a participar do estudo 47 indivíduos participantes da Universidade Aberta a Terceira Idade (UnATI| EACH-USP) matriculados no programa Equilibre-se, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, randomizados e divididos em quatro grupos distintos: 1) grupo psicoeducativo; 2) grupo de psicoeducação e exercício físico; 3) grupo exercício e 4) grupo controle. Os participantes do grupo de intervenção psicoeducacional participaram de um encontro semanal de 60 minutos cada, durante 16 semanas e após o término desta intervenção, foram convidados a testar um jogo educativo. Esse procedimento foi realizado após os três últimos encontros com o grupo psicoeducativo. Os participantes do grupo psicoeducacional combinado com exercício realizaram adicionalmente ao grupo psicoeducativo mais 60 minutos de exercício físico, duas vezes na semana, durante 16 semanas. O desenho do presente estudo é multifatorial. A testagem ocorreu de maneira duplo-cega. O grupo controle foi convidado a participar da intervenção ao término da pesquisa. Todos os participantes preencheram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Instrumentos: Dados de caracterização e identificação (nome, sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil); Questionário sobre doenças autorrelatadas; Questões autorrelatadas sobre quedas; Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R); v Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG); Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I); Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire (FRAQ); subtestes de Dígitos Diretos e Indiretos da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Adultos (WAIS-III); subteste Códigos da WAS-III; Tteste Trilhas, versão A e versão B. Resultados: A revisão de literauta mostrou que embora não exista um consenso sobre o melhor tipo de intervenção para prevenir quedas em idosos, a literatura tem apresentado que intervenções multifatoriais podem gerar bons resultados. O Equilibre-se também apresentou bons resultados e aponta que a psicoeducação combinada a tecnologia pode ser utilizada em programas de prevenção de quedas em idosos. O piloto de usabilidade do jogo apresentou bons resultados, sugerindo que o jogo pode ser uma boa ferramenta tecnológica a ser empregada em programas de prevenção de quedas / The new technologies have been combined with a series of programs aimed at improving the lives of the elderly. Although the number of works that combine new technologies with psychoeducational interventions is increasing, production is still timid and there are no records of studies that include mobile devices with psychoeducational interventions aimed at promoting the prevention of falls in the elderly. Objectives: To present scientific evidence of a systematic review of the literature on the effect of educational interventions associated or not with physical training on fear of falls in the elderly. To present the development of an educational and technological intervention to prevent falls in the elderly. To present the results of the pilot of an educational and technological intervention to prevent falls in the elderly regarding the characterization of the sample and pilot test of the psychoeducational intervention isolated and associated to the physical training. Methods: Participants were enrolled in Equilibre-se program, aged 60 years or older, randomly divided into four groups: (1) psychoeducational group; 2) psychoeducation and physical exercise group; 3) group exercise and 4) control group. Participants in the psychoeducational intervention group participated in a weekly meeting of 60 minutes each, during 16 weeks and after the end of this intervention, were invited to test an educational game. This procedure was performed after the last three meetings with the psychoeducational group. Participants of the psychoeducational group combined with exercise performed the psychoeducational group plus 60 minutes of physical exercise, twice a week, for 16 weeks. The design of the present study is multifactorial. Testing occurred in a double-blind fashion. The control group was invited to participate in the intervention at the end of the research. All participants completed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Instruments: Characterization and identification data (name, sex, age, schooling, marital status); Questionnaire on self-reported diseases; Self-reported fall issues; Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R); Geriatric Depression Scale (EDG); Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I); Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire (FRAQ); Direct and Indirect Digits subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (WAIS-III); subtest WAS-III codes; The literature review has shown that although there is no consensus on the best type of intervention to prevent falls in the vii elderly, the literature has shown that multifactorial interventions can generate good results. Equilibre-se has also presented good results and points out that psychoeducation combined technology can be used in programs to prevent falls in the elderly. The game\'s usability pilot has yielded good results, suggesting that the game may be a good technological tool to be employed in fall prevention programs
53

Fall Prevention: Steps to Better Balance and Greater Independence

Hall, Courtney D. 01 November 2013 (has links)
No description available.
54

Fall Safety Bundle

Campbell, Baili Denise 01 January 2016 (has links)
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) report thousands of falls in hospitals each year. The CMS does not reimburse hospitals for fall related injuries, costing the hospital system organization for which this DNP project was designed millions of dollars each year. Framed within the Iowa model of evidence-based practice and using a team approach, the purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based (EB) fall safety bundle for use by nursing staff and a curriculum to educate staff on prevention strategies. The components of the EB fall bundle kit were approved by the stakeholder committee. Evaluation of the curriculum and the pretest/posttest items was completed by three content experts. The curriculum was evaluated related to the objectives using a 'met' (2) and a 'not met' (1) response. All responses were 'met' for an average score of 2 showing the content met the objectives. Validation of the pretest/post items was conducted using a 10-item, Likert scale, ranging from 1- 'is not relevant' to 4- 'is highly relevant'. The content validation index was 1.0, showing that the test items met the objectives and content of the course. Recommendations included providing a consistent methodology to disseminate the fall safety bundle and educational curriculum across the entire healthcare system as well as adding the fall safety bundle tool kit to the hospital's intranet page for ease of access for all staff. Social change will be achieved by facilitating prevention of fall related injuries and avoiding the financial impact on the facility.
55

Effekter av funktionell träning på balans, benstyrka och self-efficacy hos äldre

Flood, Johanna, Rolfsson, Sara January 2009 (has links)
<p>Fysisk aktivitet kan förebygga och minska åldersrelaterade fysiologiska och psykologiska förändringar. Effekterna av funktionell träning för äldre är dåligt studerat. I Sörmland pågår ett fallpreventionsprojekt som syftar till att halvera antalet höftfrakturer till år 2012. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om äldres balans, benstyrka och self-efficacy, en persons grad av självtillit att utföra en specifik aktivitet framgångsrikt, påverkades av att göra fem uppresningar från sittande till stående två gånger om dagen under fyra veckor. En intervention genomfördes med 23 deltagare på ett servicehus/äldreboende. Test genomfördes innan och efter interventionen. Mätinstrumenten var Timed Up and Go (TUG) för balans, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) för self-efficacy och 30- seconds chair stand för benstyrka. Komparativ statistik med parametriskt test användes för att analysera skillnader inom gruppen. Resultatet av interventionen visade en signifikant ökad balans och benstyrka, men oförändrad self-efficacy. Författarna rekommenderar att servicehuset/äldreboendet bibehåller rutinen med fem uppresningar två gånger om dagen, men ytterligare studier med större deltagarantal, längre interventionstid, en kontrollgrupp och uppföljning behövs för att styrka och generalisera resultatet till fler verksamheter.</p> / <p>Physical activity can prevent and reduce age-related physiological and psychological changes. The effects of functional training on older people are poorly studied. A prevention programme in the county of Sörmland is underway, which aims to halve the number of hip fractures by 2012. The aim of this study was to examine whether the balance, leg strength and self-efficacy, a person's degree of self-confidence to perform a specific task successfully, of elderly persons was affected by performing five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day during a four weeks period. An intervention was received by 23 participants in a service/residential home. Testing was conducted before and after the intervention. The measuring tools used were Timed Up and Go (TUG) for balance, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) for self-efficacy and 30- seconds chair stand for leg strength. Comparative statistics with parametric test were used to analyze differences within the group. The results showed significant increased balance and leg strength, however self-efficacy was unchanged. The authors recommend that the service/residential home maintain the routine of five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day, although further studies with a more participants, longer intervention time, a control group and follow up are needed to verify and generalize the results to other areas.</p>
56

Effekter av funktionell träning på balans, benstyrka och self-efficacy hos äldre

Flood, Johanna, Rolfsson, Sara January 2009 (has links)
Fysisk aktivitet kan förebygga och minska åldersrelaterade fysiologiska och psykologiska förändringar. Effekterna av funktionell träning för äldre är dåligt studerat. I Sörmland pågår ett fallpreventionsprojekt som syftar till att halvera antalet höftfrakturer till år 2012. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om äldres balans, benstyrka och self-efficacy, en persons grad av självtillit att utföra en specifik aktivitet framgångsrikt, påverkades av att göra fem uppresningar från sittande till stående två gånger om dagen under fyra veckor. En intervention genomfördes med 23 deltagare på ett servicehus/äldreboende. Test genomfördes innan och efter interventionen. Mätinstrumenten var Timed Up and Go (TUG) för balans, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) för self-efficacy och 30- seconds chair stand för benstyrka. Komparativ statistik med parametriskt test användes för att analysera skillnader inom gruppen. Resultatet av interventionen visade en signifikant ökad balans och benstyrka, men oförändrad self-efficacy. Författarna rekommenderar att servicehuset/äldreboendet bibehåller rutinen med fem uppresningar två gånger om dagen, men ytterligare studier med större deltagarantal, längre interventionstid, en kontrollgrupp och uppföljning behövs för att styrka och generalisera resultatet till fler verksamheter. / Physical activity can prevent and reduce age-related physiological and psychological changes. The effects of functional training on older people are poorly studied. A prevention programme in the county of Sörmland is underway, which aims to halve the number of hip fractures by 2012. The aim of this study was to examine whether the balance, leg strength and self-efficacy, a person's degree of self-confidence to perform a specific task successfully, of elderly persons was affected by performing five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day during a four weeks period. An intervention was received by 23 participants in a service/residential home. Testing was conducted before and after the intervention. The measuring tools used were Timed Up and Go (TUG) for balance, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) for self-efficacy and 30- seconds chair stand for leg strength. Comparative statistics with parametric test were used to analyze differences within the group. The results showed significant increased balance and leg strength, however self-efficacy was unchanged. The authors recommend that the service/residential home maintain the routine of five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day, although further studies with a more participants, longer intervention time, a control group and follow up are needed to verify and generalize the results to other areas.
57

Functional performance in physically frail community dwelling older adults

Giné Garriga, Maria 12 July 2010 (has links)
En països desenvolupats, la característica demogràfica actual més rellevant és l'envelliment de la població. Tenint en compte el percentatge de gent gran i la tendència de la població en el futur, es considera essencial que els professionals de la salut i entitats responsables del sistema sanitari, estableixin estratègies que ens permetin avaluar objectivament els individus amb un major dèficit funcional per oferir intervencions adequades, i per tant, ens permetin assegurar un envelliment més saludable i una millor qualitat de vida de la població. La reducció de les capacitats físiques és una part important de l'atenció mèdica en les persones grans perquè té conseqüències importants quant a mobilitat, mortalitat, i pèrdua d'independència funcional.El primer estudi va avaluar la fiabilitat i sensibilitat d'una versió modificada del test 'Timed Get Up and Go' (TGUG) en predir el risc de caigudes en gent major de 65 anys, emprant una aproximació quantitativa i qualitativa. El test TGUG modificat es va dissenyar com una eina per avaluar la funció física, per identificar la gent gran amb limitacions en una o més de les barreres físiques que tenen un efecte important en la independència de les persones: pèrdua de força muscular, dificultats en la marxa i alteració de l'equilibri. El segon estudi va avaluar la validesa del test TGUG modificat, determinant el grau en el que resultats del test s'associaven a altres mesures prèviament validades i utilitzades en la literatura mèdica per documentar modificacions causades per l'edat en la funcionalitat física i limitacions funcionals. En el tercer estudi, varem conduir un assaig clínic aleatori controlat d'un entrenament funcional en circuit (FCT) amb l'objectiu de determinar l'efecte d'un programa d'intervenció de 12 setmanes en reduir les mesures funcionals de fragilitat en un grup de gent gran fràgil resident a la comunitat. El segon objectiu d'aquest últim estudi va ser avaluar si aquestes millores funcionals es mantenien 6 mesos després de finalitzar la intervenció.La implicació dels resultats del primer estudi suggereix que el temps total (segons) requerit per dur a terme el test TGUG modificat pot ser adequat per discriminar gent gran amb uns nivells alts o baixos de funcionalitat física. A més, basant-nos amb les altes correlacions obtingudes entre els components del test TGUG modificat i els tests amb els quals es va comparar, s'ha establert la validació de la nostra eina. El test és fàcil de dur a terme, requereix un temps baix d'administració, i es pot utilitzar a la pràctica clínica diària. Els resultats del tercer estudi indiquen que el programa FCT de 12 setmanes de durada basat en un treball funcional d'equilibri i força de les extremitats inferiors, dut a terme a l'atenció primària, és efectiu i els beneficis es mantenen 6 mesos després de finalitzar la intervenció en un grup de gent gran fràgil resident a la comunitat.Per concloure, la població gran requereix una eina d'avaluació de la funció física adequada, i s'han d'aplicar intervencions que hagin demostrat ser efectives per disminuir la pèrdua funcional en aquest grup de població. Un bon cribatge lligat a intervencions de salut pública poden oferir una bona eina per reduir el deteriorament físic en gent gran en situació de risc. / En los países desarrollados, la característica demográfica actual más relevante es el envejecimiento de la población. Teniendo en cuenta el porcentaje de gente mayor y la tendencia de la población en el futuro, se considera esencial que los profesionales sanitarios y entidades responsables del sistema sanitario, establezcan estrategias que nos permitan evaluar objetivamente los individuos con un mayor déficit funcional para ofrecerles intervenciones adecuadas, y por lo tanto, nos permitan asegurar un envejecimiento más saludable y una mayor calidad de vida de la población. La reducción de las capacidades físicas es una parte importante de la atención médica de las personas mayores porqué tiene consecuencias importantes en su movilidad, mortalidad, y pérdida de independencia funcional.En el primer estudio se evaluó la fiabilidad y sensibilidad de una versión modificada de la prueba 'Timed Get Up and Go' (TGUG) para predecir el riesgo de caídas en gente mayor de 65 años, utilizando una aproximación cuantitativa y cualitativa. La prueba TGUG modificada se diseñó como una herramienta para evaluar la función física, para identificar la gente mayor con limitaciones en una o más de las barreras físicas que tienen un efecto importante en la independencia de las personas: pérdida de fuerza muscular, dificultades en la marcha y alteraciones del equilibrio. El segundo estudio evaluó la validez de la prueba TGUG modificada, determinando el grado en que los resultados de la prueba se asociaban a otras medidas previamente validadas y utilizadas en la literatura médica para documentar modificaciones causadas por la edad en la funcionalidad física y limitaciones funcionales. En el tercer estudio, condujimos un ensayo clínico aleatorio controlado de un entrenamiento funcional en circuito (FCT) con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de un programa de intervención de 12 semanas en reducir las medidas funcionales de fragilidad en un grupo de gente mayor frágil residente en la comunidad. El segundo objetivo de éste último estudio fue evaluar si la mejoras producidas por la intervención se mantenían pasados 6 meses de su finalización.La implicación de los resultados del primer estudio sugiere que el tiempo total (segundos) requerido para finalizar la prueba TGUG modificada puede ser adecuado para discriminar la gente mayor con niveles altos o bajos de funcionalidad física. Además, si nos basamos en las altas correlaciones obtenidas entre los componentes de la prueba TGUG modificada y las pruebas con las que se comparó, se ha establecido la validación de nuestra herramienta. La prueba es fácil de llevar a cabo, requiere un tiempo de administración bajo, y se puede utilizar en la práctica clínica diaria. Los resultados del tercer estudio indican que el programa FCT de 12 semanas de duración basado en el trabajo funcional del equilibrio y la fuerza de extremidades inferiores, llevado a cabo en la atención primaria, es efectivo y los beneficios se mantienen 6 meses después de finalizar la intervención, en un grupo de gente mayor frágil residente en la comunidad.Para concluir, la población mayor requiere una herramienta de evaluación adecuada de la función física, y se deben aplicar intervenciones que hayan demostrado su efectividad para disminuir la pérdida funcional en este grupo de población. Un buen cribaje con intervenciones de salud pública pueden ofrecer una buena herramienta para reducir el deterioro físico en gente mayor en situación de riesgo. / In developed countries, the most relevant demographical characteristic of current times is the ageing of the population. Given the current number of old people and future expectations about elderly population's incidence, it is considered to be essential that health care professionals and responsible entities and organizations, establish strategies that allow us to objectively assess those areas with the highest functional deficits, to offer the appropriate intervention, and thus to ensure healthy ageing and higher quality of life to the greatest number of citizens possible. Functional decline is an important part of health care of the elderly because it has significant consequences for older adults in terms of morbidity, mortality, and loss of independence.The first study assessed the reliability and sensitivity of a modified version of the 'Timed Get Up and Go' (TGUG) test in predicting fall risk, using both a quantitative and qualitative approach in individuals older than 65 years. The modified TGUG test had been developed as a physical function assessment to identify older people with impairments in one or more of the major physiological domains that have a substantial effect on the ability of older persons to remain independent: muscular weakness, and deficits in gait and balance. The second study assessed the construct validity of the modified TGUG test, determining the degree to which scores of a modified TGUG test were associated with other measures used in the literature to document age-related change in both functional performance and physiological impairment. In the third study, we conducted a randomized clinical trial of a functional circuit training program aiming to determine the effect of a 12-week structured, intervention program on reducing physical frailty measures in a group of community-dwelling physically frail elderly individuals. The secondary aim of the third study was to evaluate whether these improvements were sustained 6 months after the end of the training program.The implications of the findings from the first study suggest that the modified TGUG test for total time (sec) may be suitable to discriminate older individuals of high and low functional levels. Furthermore, based on the strength of the correlations obtained between components of the modified TGUG and the comparison tests, concurrent, criterion validity of the modified TGUG has been indicated. The test is simple to administer, needs a short administration time, and is feasible for older people to undertake in community settings and for rehabilitation assessment in primary care. Findings from the third study indicate that a 12-week FCT program which focused on functional balance, and lower body strength-based exercises, conducted in a primary care setting is a safe, effective and sustainable intervention in older physically frail community-dwelling adults.In conclusion, the elderly population require an appropriate physical function screening assessment, and specific proven interventions need to be put in place to maximize physical functioning once the deficit areas are known. A simple screening procedure linked with effective public health interventions may offer great scope for reducing functional decline in at-risk older people.
58

Requirements, specifications and deployment models for autonomous jobsite safety proximity monitoring

Luo, Xiaowei 24 July 2013 (has links)
Construction has a higher injury and fatality rate than most of the other industries. Given this situation, existing research has studied various issues and factors affecting construction safety management and has attempted to use all available methods to improve the construction safety performance. However, the construction accident rate remains among the highest in the United States and the world. The primary objective of this research is to advance autonomous proximity monitoring and hence provide a safer environment for construction workers. In particular, I seek to advance current evaluations of proximity warning technologies to a more robust engineering approach to the design and deployment of autonomous safety monitoring systems. The contributions of the research are demonstrated through specifications, deployments, and testing of proximity monitoring systems for crane loads and falling from height. My research advances current knowledge in three areas. First, I develop specifications for proximity safety monitoring in a sensed environment, built from existing guidelines and expert interviews. Second, I translate the specifications to computer interpretable rules and deploy them in a distributed computing environment. This demonstrates the feasibility of a systems approach and reusability of components to speed deployment. Third, I evaluate the accuracy of the specifications and systems under imperfect data. I further evaluate some approaches to dealing with imperfect data. Collectively, these advances move existing proximity warning research from evaluation of specific systems to an engineering approach to development and deployment of distributed systems with reusable components that explicitly treats imperfect data. / text
59

Dynamic stability of human walking during perturbations and voluntary gait changes

Young, Patricia Mary 01 June 2011 (has links)
Falling during walking leads to millions of emergency room visits every year for all age groups and is a significant medical concern. While gait training has shown some promise for fall prevention, we know relatively little about how humans maintain stability, how we can quantify it and how we can use this knowledge to increase the success of fall prevention training. In this dissertation, I studied how human stability responds to continuous, small magnitude perturbations and to voluntary changes in gait characteristics by examining movement variability and long-term and instantaneous dynamic stability. In the first set of experiments, participants were exposed to continuous, pseudo-random external perturbations of the visual field and support surface in a Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment (CAREN). Participants exhibited increased step widths, shorter step lengths and increased step variability, orbital and short-term local instability. Despite this, mean instantaneous lateral stability remained approximately constant. In the second set of experiments, participants voluntarily adopted changes in their step widths and step lengths. Wider steps were associated with increased step width variability, decreased nonlinear stability, decreased anterior-posterior margins of stability and increased instantaneous lateral stability. Shorter steps were associated with decreased short-term and orbital stability but did not affect mean instantaneous stability. When instantaneous stability was examined between steps, as opposed to as an average over many steps, results from both studies indicated a relationship between each step’s stability and the stability of the immediately preceding step. From these studies, we now know that unpredictable, continuous perturbations during human walking applied in a given direction can be used to elicit predictable responses in motion variability and stability in that same direction. We know that the type of stability examined can influence the conclusions drawn about an individual’s stability during perturbed walking. For example, an individual’s variability may indicate increased risk of falling while he or she simultaneously demonstrates increased orbital stability and instantaneous lateral stability. A challenge faced in this area of research will be to understand how quantitative measures of stability relate to how we perceive our stability. / text
60

Intervenção psicoeducativa e tecnológica para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas / Psychoeducational and technological intervention for prevention of falls in the elderly

Lais dos Santos Vinholi e Silva 02 May 2018 (has links)
As novas tecnologias têm sido aliadas a uma série de programas que visam melhorar a vida dos idosos. Embora o número de trabalhos que aliem novas tecnologias às intervenções psicoeducacionais seja crescente, a produção ainda é timida e não há registros de estudos que aliem dispositivos móveis com intervenções psicoeducativas visando promover a prevenção de quedas em idosos. Objetivos: Apresentar evidências científicas de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o efeito de intervenções educativas associadas ou não ao treinamento físico no medo de quedas em pessoas idosas. Apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma intervenção educativa e tecnológica para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas. Apresentar os resultados do piloto de uma intervenção educativa e tecnológica para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas quanto a caracterização da amostra e teste piloto da intervenção psicoeducativa isolada e associada ao treinamento físico. Métodos: Foram convidados a participar do estudo 47 indivíduos participantes da Universidade Aberta a Terceira Idade (UnATI| EACH-USP) matriculados no programa Equilibre-se, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, randomizados e divididos em quatro grupos distintos: 1) grupo psicoeducativo; 2) grupo de psicoeducação e exercício físico; 3) grupo exercício e 4) grupo controle. Os participantes do grupo de intervenção psicoeducacional participaram de um encontro semanal de 60 minutos cada, durante 16 semanas e após o término desta intervenção, foram convidados a testar um jogo educativo. Esse procedimento foi realizado após os três últimos encontros com o grupo psicoeducativo. Os participantes do grupo psicoeducacional combinado com exercício realizaram adicionalmente ao grupo psicoeducativo mais 60 minutos de exercício físico, duas vezes na semana, durante 16 semanas. O desenho do presente estudo é multifatorial. A testagem ocorreu de maneira duplo-cega. O grupo controle foi convidado a participar da intervenção ao término da pesquisa. Todos os participantes preencheram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Instrumentos: Dados de caracterização e identificação (nome, sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil); Questionário sobre doenças autorrelatadas; Questões autorrelatadas sobre quedas; Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R); v Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG); Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I); Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire (FRAQ); subtestes de Dígitos Diretos e Indiretos da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Adultos (WAIS-III); subteste Códigos da WAS-III; Tteste Trilhas, versão A e versão B. Resultados: A revisão de literauta mostrou que embora não exista um consenso sobre o melhor tipo de intervenção para prevenir quedas em idosos, a literatura tem apresentado que intervenções multifatoriais podem gerar bons resultados. O Equilibre-se também apresentou bons resultados e aponta que a psicoeducação combinada a tecnologia pode ser utilizada em programas de prevenção de quedas em idosos. O piloto de usabilidade do jogo apresentou bons resultados, sugerindo que o jogo pode ser uma boa ferramenta tecnológica a ser empregada em programas de prevenção de quedas / The new technologies have been combined with a series of programs aimed at improving the lives of the elderly. Although the number of works that combine new technologies with psychoeducational interventions is increasing, production is still timid and there are no records of studies that include mobile devices with psychoeducational interventions aimed at promoting the prevention of falls in the elderly. Objectives: To present scientific evidence of a systematic review of the literature on the effect of educational interventions associated or not with physical training on fear of falls in the elderly. To present the development of an educational and technological intervention to prevent falls in the elderly. To present the results of the pilot of an educational and technological intervention to prevent falls in the elderly regarding the characterization of the sample and pilot test of the psychoeducational intervention isolated and associated to the physical training. Methods: Participants were enrolled in Equilibre-se program, aged 60 years or older, randomly divided into four groups: (1) psychoeducational group; 2) psychoeducation and physical exercise group; 3) group exercise and 4) control group. Participants in the psychoeducational intervention group participated in a weekly meeting of 60 minutes each, during 16 weeks and after the end of this intervention, were invited to test an educational game. This procedure was performed after the last three meetings with the psychoeducational group. Participants of the psychoeducational group combined with exercise performed the psychoeducational group plus 60 minutes of physical exercise, twice a week, for 16 weeks. The design of the present study is multifactorial. Testing occurred in a double-blind fashion. The control group was invited to participate in the intervention at the end of the research. All participants completed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Instruments: Characterization and identification data (name, sex, age, schooling, marital status); Questionnaire on self-reported diseases; Self-reported fall issues; Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R); Geriatric Depression Scale (EDG); Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I); Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire (FRAQ); Direct and Indirect Digits subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (WAIS-III); subtest WAS-III codes; The literature review has shown that although there is no consensus on the best type of intervention to prevent falls in the vii elderly, the literature has shown that multifactorial interventions can generate good results. Equilibre-se has also presented good results and points out that psychoeducation combined technology can be used in programs to prevent falls in the elderly. The game\'s usability pilot has yielded good results, suggesting that the game may be a good technological tool to be employed in fall prevention programs

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