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Une des préoccupations de la société est de trouver un compromis entre le développement des territoires et la protection de la faune sauvage. La prise en compte des déplacements des animaux lors de projets d’aménagement nécessite de connaître les comportements des différentes espèces et de définir ce qui a une influence sur leur localisation et sur la sélection de leur lieu de vie. Notre objectif est de pouvoir représenter les déplacements d’animaux sur un espace géographique précisément décrit afin ensuite de simuler et d’évaluer les conséquences des aménagements.Nous avons commencé par analyser l’influence des éléments du paysage sur les déplacements à partir de localisations connues d’animaux comme des traces GPS (suivis menés par l’ELIZ, l’ANSES, l’ONCFS, l’INRA)et de données de description de l’espace notamment la BD TOPO®. Les cas d’étude correspondent à des milieux différents et à trois espèces : renard, chevreuil et cerf. Nous avons pu confirmer le rôle de certains caractères de l’espace selon les cas d’étude. Par exemple les préférences spatiales lors des déplacements des renards en milieu périurbain semblent se porter sur la végétation arborée et des lieux peu occupés par les hommes pendant certaines parties de la journée (parcs, zones d’activités, le long des voies ferrées). Concernant les cervidés en milieu forestier, la pente et le type de peuplement paraissent avoir le plus d’influence sur les déplacements.À l’aide des connaissances extraites par les analyses et de la littérature, nous avons défini et implémenté dans la plateforme GeOxygene un modèle de simulation de déplacements d’animaux. Les trajectoires sont construites par une approche agent reprenant le comportement spatial selon l’espèce et l’influence des éléments du paysage favorables ou faisant obstacle. Nous effectuons une analyse critique de notre modèle puis nous proposons des pistes d’enrichissement à l’aide de la comparaison avec les observations et le retour des écologues. Enfin des scénarios d’aménagement sont testés dans le but de mettre en évidence leur impact et leur efficacité. / Finding compromises between human development and wildlife protection is one concern of society.Taking into account animal movements in planning projects requires some knowledge on species behaviours and on what determines their localizations and their habitat places. Our goal is to be able to represent animal movements on an accurate geographical space in order to simulate and to evaluate the consequences of planning decisions. We first analysed how the features of the landscape influence movements from collected localizations on animals, for example GPS tracks (studies of ELIZ, ANSES, ONCFS, INRA) and from data describing spacesuch as BD TOPO®. The studied cases are about several types of environment and three species: red fox,roe deer and red deer. We found some results that confirm the role played by the spatial features,depending on the studied cases. For instance in a periurban environment, foxes seem to be more inwooded patches and in places with few human activities during some parts of the day (squares, areas with industrial or commercial activities, sides of railways). In a forested environment, deers are more likely to be influenced by slope and forest stands. Thanks to knowledge from data analyses and to literature, we defined a simulation model for animalmovements. We implemented it in the GeOxygene platform. The trajectories are built with an agent approach by taking into account the spatial behaviour of the species and the influence of elements that favour or hinder movements. We proposed a critical view of the modelling choices and some improvements from the comparison with observations and experts advices. Then, scenarios within frastructures are defined so that to identify their impact and their efficiency.

[pt] A determinação do Alinhamento das Lagoas Urbanas é hoje no contexto das grandes cidades, uma questão complexa e polêmica, iniciada pela necessidade de Manutenção Ambiental daqueles espelhos d água, suas margens e características paisagísticas, considerando todo o manancial hidráulico e biológico envolvido (ecossistema), mas ao mesmo tempo atendendo a premente necessidade e determinação do Uso do Solo Urbano, com as diversas necessidades de ocupação e expansão, que encontram nas margens e adjacências dessas lagoas, uma válvula de escape oportuna e atraente, principalmente por suas características naturais, que acabam por oferecer paisagens belas e prazerosas, remetendo inclusive e principalmente a Valorização Imobiliária. Observa-se em diversas cidades, o quanto é atraente e interessante sobre o Aspecto Urbanístico e Paisagístico, os bairros, regiões e ocupações adjacentes a esses espelhos d água. Considerando a complexidade e motivação do assunto, inserido no Contexto Social, Ambiental, Urbano e Tecnológico atual, o Estudo das Condicionantes que venham a definir e implantar o Alinhamento das Lagoas Urbanas, de modo a preservar as melhores condições ambientais da região, utilizando tecnologias digitais de Sistemas de Desenho em CAD e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica – SIG, para a montagem, estruturação, comparação e análises dos dados envolvidos e pesquisados na Web, motivou a escolha e objetivos desta dissertação. / [en] In various cities is observed how much is attractive and interesting about the urban and landscape aspect, neighborhoods, regions and occupations adjacent the Urban Lagoons. Considering the complexity of the subject, the objective of this work is to propose methodology for the study of conditioning factors that can influence the determination of the limits of the alignment of urban lagoons in order to preserve the best conditions and environmental characteristics of the region, using CAD technology and GIS for the analysis and selection of such conditions.

Law / LL.D.

Submitted by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-12-19T15:46:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Monica Lemos Ammon Fernandez.pdf: 8355019 bytes, checksum: dfee6b67fb0314370a761d01a0ee90d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-19T15:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Monica Lemos Ammon Fernandez.pdf: 8355019 bytes, checksum: dfee6b67fb0314370a761d01a0ee90d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A energia gerada por usinas hidrelétricas constitui a matriz energética brasileira. O grande número de usinas hidrelétricas que vem sendo construídas nos principais rios tem causado grandes transformações ambientais, que afetam tanto o homem quanto as comunidades faunísticas locais. O principal objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar a malacofauna límnica do trecho do rio Tocantins entre as Usinas Hidrelétricas de Peixe Angical e de Cana Brava, entre os Estados de Tocantins e Goiás, respectivamente, nos períodos de pré-enchimento e pós-enchimento dos reservatórios. Foram georreferenciadas 94 estações de amostragem, com coletas periódicas entre junho de 2004 e outubro de 2010. Toda a área foi dividida em sete trechos (I, II, III, IV, V, VI e VII, no sentido jusante a montante) e os moluscos foram obtidos por coleta direta, resultando no número de exemplares/minuto/coletor. Todos os moluscos foram examinados quanto à presença de larvas de trematódeos digenéticos e identificados com base na morfologia e conquiliologia. Representantes de cada estação de amostragem estão sendo depositados na Coleção Malacológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Diante da ocorrência de Biomphalaria straminea, espécie hospedeira intermediária da esquistossomose, populações dessa espécie foram mantidas no Laboratório de Malacologia e os descendentes submetidos à infecção experimental com três cepas de Schistosoma mansoni (CM, CMO e BH). Das 12 famílias encontradas (Ampullariidae, Ancylidae, Corbiculidae, Hydrobiidae, Hyriidae, Mycetopodidae, Pisidiidae, Physidae, Pomatiopsidae, Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae e Thiaridae), oito foram avaliadas quanto aos índices de constância e abundância. A mesma análise foi realizada em relação às espécies de Planorbidae e Thiaridae. Os índices de diversidade de Shannon, Margalef e a Equitabilidade foram calculados com base nas unidades taxonômicas operacionais. Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizados o teste t e análise de variância. Houve diferença significativa no índice de constância das famílias de gastrópodes em cinco dos seis trechos analisados, em relação aos dois períodos; o mesmo ocorrendo no índice de constância das espécies de Planorbidae e Thiaridae. Após a formação dos reservatórios B. straminea, Lymnaea columella, Melanoides tuberculatus e Pomacea lineata mostraram-se mais constantes; enquanto Potamolithus sp. tornou-se menos ocorrente. Em relação à abundância, a formação dos reservatórios favoreceu o estabelecimento das populações de Ampullariidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae e Thiaridae. O índice de diversidade de Shannon mostrou diferença significativa entre os períodos de pré e pós-enchimento, o que não ocorreu com o índice de Margalef e Equitabilidade. A análise da helmintofauna nas amostras coletadas não revelou ocorrência de S. mansoni ou Fasciola hepatica, embora tipos larvais de 21 famílias de digenéticos, alguns com importância médica, tenham sido obtidos na área de estudo. Quando submetida à infecção experimental, B. straminea mostrou-se suscetível à cepa BH (índice de infecção de 0,6%). Diante do exposto, a área de estudo pode ser considerada indene com potencial de transmissão de parasitoses e vulnerável à ocorrência da esquistossomose, sendo indicada a implementação de medidas preventivas contra a instalação de focos desta endemia na região. / Energy obtained from hydroelectric power plants is the energetic matrix of Brazil .The great number of dams that have been built on major rivers in Brazil causes major environmental changes that affect humans as well as the local faunistic communities. The main objective of this project was to evaluate the freshwater mollusc fauna of the stretch of the Tocantins River between the hydroelectric power plants Peixe Angical and Cana Brava, between the states of Tocantins and Goiás, respectively, in pre-inundation and post-inundation of the reservoirs. There were georeferenced 94 sampling stations, which were sampled periodically from June 2004 to October 2010. The studied area was divided into seven sections (I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII, downstream towards the upstream), and molluscs were obtained by direct collection, resulting the number of specimens per minute/collector. All samples were examined for the presence of digenetic trematodes larvae and identified based on morphology and conchology. Specimens from each sampling station are being deposited in the mollusc collectin of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Upon the occurrence of Biomphalaria straminea, intermediate host of schistosomiasis, populations of this species were kept in the Laboratório de Malacologia and the offspring were submitted to experimental infection with three strains of Schistosoma mansoni (CM, BH and CMO). Of the 12 families found (Ampullariidae, Ancylidae, Corbiculidae, Hydrobiidae, Hyriidae, Mycetopodidae, Pisidiidae, Physidae, Pomatiopsidae, Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae and Thiaridae), eight were evaluated as indices of abundance and constancy. The same analysis was performed for Planorbidae and Thiaridae species. The diversity index of Shannon, Margalef and Equitability were calculated on the basis of operational taxonomic units. For the statistical analysis we used the t test and analysis of variance. There were significant differences in the index of constancy of the families of gastropods in five of the six sections analyzed in the two periods; the same occurring in the index of constancy of species of Planorbidae and Thiaridae. After the formation of reservoirs B. straminea, Lymnaea columella, Melanoides tuberculatus and Pomacea lineata were the most constant, while Potamolithus sp. became less occurring. Regarding abundance, the dam formation favored the establishment of populations Ampullariidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae and Thiaridae. The Shannon diversity index showed significant difference between pre-and post-inundation, which did not occur with the Margalef index and Equitability. Analysis of helminth parasites in the samples did not reveal S. mansoni or Fasciola hepatica, although larval types of 21 digenean families have been obtained in the study area, some of them of medical importance. When submitted to experimental infection, B. straminea was susceptible to BH strain (infection rate 0.6%). Taking all data in account, the studied area can be considered with potential transmission of parasites and vulnerable to the occurrence of schistosomiasis, which indicate preventive actions and epidemiological surveillance measures.

The theme of this thesis was the influence of the construction of ring road Klatovy and adjacent communities on the landscape and biodiversity (fauna and flora). Road bypass Klatovy best solution would be to reduce noise and emission limits for residents of the city center and surrounding villages. The work was described and compared to the previous (1997) and the current status of the territories. The bypass was assessed in terms of impact on landscape and biodiversity based on the evaluation of environmental impact, not only in my own observation, but also according to the results that emerged from the EIA process. Structure was evaluated invertebrate communities epigeických to pass the planned route in all its variants. In the section I and II. bypass was in the process of EIA (1997) and my own observations assessed and evaluated only one option which was selected in the previous period as the most suitable. In section III. bypass has been assessed and evaluated five options V1 - V5. The EIA process has been selected as the most suitable variant V4, both in terms of impact on landscape, biodiversity, and on the population. The suitability of the V4 variant was also confirmed by my own observations. After their evaluation, I concluded that the bypass, although this variant cross turfy stream, but the forest reaches a minimum. The route passes through predominantly agricultural landscape management, which is already burdened in this area the existence of bike paths and rail corridors.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zuanaze_rcc_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 2365698 bytes, checksum: 5ed70ccdd25955ad8f5b2e015a21dec7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / O monofluoroacetato de sodio (MFAS) ou composto 1080 e um rodenticida que foi amplamente utilizado para o controle de roedores e predadores domesticos, apos sua descoberta em 1945. Este potente rodenticida age bloqueando o ciclo de Krebs por acao do seu metabolito toxico, o fluorocitrato, e como consequencia, inibe a resposta celular e a producao de ATP. O MFAS foi proibido por lei no Brasil e em diversos paises, mas seu uso indiscriminado continua causando diversos casos de intoxicacoes potencialmente fatais no homem e animais domesticos, principalmente em caes e gatos, representadas por alteracoes neurologicas e cardiacas. Pretendeu-se com este estudo caracterizar o perfil hematologico e bioquimico, as alteracoes histopatologicas e toxicologicas de gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com MFAS, com o objetivo de determinar metodos diagnosticos eficazes. Para tanto, foram utilizadas amostras de sangue de 16 gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com 0,45mg/kg de MFAS, por via oral. Estas amostras foram colhidas por puncao jugular e analisadas quanto ao perfil hematologico, bioquimica serica e analises toxicologicas em cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia (CLAE), para deteccao e quantificacao do MFAS no soro dos animais. Avaliaram-se tambem as lesoes macro e microscopicas dos animais intoxicados que vieram a obito. Observaram-se leucopenia e trombocitopenia transitorias; hiperglicemia, aumento das enzimas musculares creatinoquinase (CK) e creatinoquinase fracao cardiaca (CK-MB); observaram-se tambem hipocalemia, hipofosfatemia e hipomagnesemia. Os achados macroscopicos e histopatologicos demonstraram lesoes caracteristicas de processos isquemicos e as analises toxicologicas demonstraram um metodo diagnostico simples e eficiente... / Sodium monofluoroacetate (SMFAC) or 1080 compound is a potent rodenticide, largely used since 1945 for rodent and domestic pest control. The toxic effects of SMFAC are caused by fluorocitrato, a toxic metabolite, which has a competitive action with aconitase enzyme, leading to citrate accumulation and interferes in energy production by Krebs cycle blockade. In Brazil, although prohibited by law, there is illegal use, keep causing intoxication in children and domestic animals, specially dogs and cats. The most common intoxication clinical signs are from the cardiac and neurological alterations. In the present study, 16 domestic cats were intoxicated with oral doses of monofluoroacetate (0.45mg/kg). The hematologic and biochemical profiles, and histophatological and blood serum toxicological analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were made to looking for a efficient diagnosis methods. The hematologic profile showed transitory leucopenia and trombocitopenia; the biochemical profile presented hiperglycemia, increase of creatinoquinase enzyme (CK) and creatinoquinase cardiac fraction (CK-MB), hypokalemia and hypophosfatemia were observed. The macrocospic and histopathological findings showed lesions characteristic of degenerative and ischemic processes. The toxicological analysis was shown to be a simple and efficient diagnostic method. SMFAC was detected in 75% of the serum samples analysed, and it was verified an average concentration of 0.32 ìg/mL in them; 4.81% of the serum samples did not show metabolized SMFAC six hours after the induced intoxication of the animals used in this study.

Orientador: Michiko Sakate / Banca: Noeme Sousa Rocha / Banca: Manoel Lima de Menezes / Banca: Mara Regina Stipp Balarin / Banca: Silvana Lima Gorniak / Resumo: O monofluoroacetato de sodio (MFAS) ou composto 1080 e um rodenticida que foi amplamente utilizado para o controle de roedores e predadores domesticos, apos sua descoberta em 1945. Este potente rodenticida age bloqueando o ciclo de Krebs por acao do seu metabolito toxico, o fluorocitrato, e como consequencia, inibe a resposta celular e a producao de ATP. O MFAS foi proibido por lei no Brasil e em diversos paises, mas seu uso indiscriminado continua causando diversos casos de intoxicacoes potencialmente fatais no homem e animais domesticos, principalmente em caes e gatos, representadas por alteracoes neurologicas e cardiacas. Pretendeu-se com este estudo caracterizar o perfil hematologico e bioquimico, as alteracoes histopatologicas e toxicologicas de gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com MFAS, com o objetivo de determinar metodos diagnosticos eficazes. Para tanto, foram utilizadas amostras de sangue de 16 gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com 0,45mg/kg de MFAS, por via oral. Estas amostras foram colhidas por puncao jugular e analisadas quanto ao perfil hematologico, bioquimica serica e analises toxicologicas em cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia (CLAE), para deteccao e quantificacao do MFAS no soro dos animais. Avaliaram-se tambem as lesoes macro e microscopicas dos animais intoxicados que vieram a obito. Observaram-se leucopenia e trombocitopenia transitorias; hiperglicemia, aumento das enzimas musculares creatinoquinase (CK) e creatinoquinase fracao cardiaca (CK-MB); observaram-se tambem hipocalemia, hipofosfatemia e hipomagnesemia. Os achados macroscopicos e histopatologicos demonstraram lesoes caracteristicas de processos isquemicos e as analises toxicologicas demonstraram um metodo diagnostico simples e eficiente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrõnico abaixo) / Abstract: Sodium monofluoroacetate (SMFAC) or 1080 compound is a potent rodenticide, largely used since 1945 for rodent and domestic pest control. The toxic effects of SMFAC are caused by fluorocitrato, a toxic metabolite, which has a competitive action with aconitase enzyme, leading to citrate accumulation and interferes in energy production by Krebs cycle blockade. In Brazil, although prohibited by law, there is illegal use, keep causing intoxication in children and domestic animals, specially dogs and cats. The most common intoxication clinical signs are from the cardiac and neurological alterations. In the present study, 16 domestic cats were intoxicated with oral doses of monofluoroacetate (0.45mg/kg). The hematologic and biochemical profiles, and histophatological and blood serum toxicological analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were made to looking for a efficient diagnosis methods. The hematologic profile showed transitory leucopenia and trombocitopenia; the biochemical profile presented hiperglycemia, increase of creatinoquinase enzyme (CK) and creatinoquinase cardiac fraction (CK-MB), hypokalemia and hypophosfatemia were observed. The macrocospic and histopathological findings showed lesions characteristic of degenerative and ischemic processes. The toxicological analysis was shown to be a simple and efficient diagnostic method. SMFAC was detected in 75% of the serum samples analysed, and it was verified an average concentration of 0.32 ìg/mL in them; 4.81% of the serum samples did not show metabolized SMFAC six hours after the induced intoxication of the animals used in this study. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EudrianoFSC_DISSERT.pdf: 4107766 bytes, checksum: 4869c74d441a0dacea2217f661f2635e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-29 / Knowledge of the environmental factors influence on the spatial-temporal variation of fishes is important to fisheries management and conservation. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the abiotical factors on the spatial-temporal distribution of Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Pisces, Sciaenidae) caught by-catch with the shrimp fishing of Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba regions, north coast of S?o Paulo State. The fishes were captured every month from January to December 2002. Samples were collected by otter trawl at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35m depths. The temperatures (surface and bottom), salinities (surface and bottom), sediment features and organic matters were verified for each depth. During all period of the study 12.642 specimens of P. brasiliensis were captured at Ubatuba and 17.166 at Caraguatatuba, which totalized the biomass of 267 for the first and 339kg for the other region. The females outnumbered males in fish population. The greatest values of biomass and number of individuals were registered at the summer and autumn seasons, while the lowest values were observed at the winter and spring seasons. The greatest abundances were found from 15 to 25m depth. In this study, it was verified that P. brasiliensis is a coastal waters associate species. The spatialtemporal distribution of P. brasiliensis is affected by intrusion of SACW and depth for the coastal region and by depth and sediment in sheltered areas such as Caraguatatuba / A compreens?o dos processos ambientais que controlam a distribui??o espa?o-temporal dos peixes ? de fundamental import?ncia para o manejo e conserva??o dos estoques pesqueiros. Desse modo, o presente trabalho analisou a influ?ncia dos fatores ambientais sobre a varia??o espa?o-temporal de Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Pisces, Sciaenidae) componente da fauna acompanhante da pesca de camar?es nas regi?es de Ubatuba e Caraguatatuba, litoral norte do estado de S?o Paulo. As capturas foram realizadas mensalmente, durante o per?odo de janeiro a dezembro de 2002, nas is?batas de 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35m com o aux?lio de um barco de pesca camaroneiro equipado com redes do tipo mexicanas. A temperatura (superf?cie e fundo), salinidade (superf?cie e fundo), granulometria e a quantidade de mat?ria org?nica do sedimento foram determinados em cada transecto. Foram capturados 12.642 esp?cimes de P. brasiliensis na regi?o de Ubatuba e 17.166 em Caraguatatuba, correspondendo a uma biomassa total de 267 e 339kg, respectivamente. As f?meas predominaram na popula??o. Os maiores valores de biomassa e n?mero total de indiv?duos capturados ocorreram durante o ver?o e outono, e os menores no inverno e primavera. As maiores abund?ncias ocorreram em profundidades entre 15 e 25m. Constatouse que P. brasiliensis ? uma esp?cie associada a ?guas costeiras. A intrus?o da ACAS e a profundidade s?o fatores ambientais preponderantes que influenciam na distribui??o espa?o-temporal de P. brasiliensis na regi?o de Ubatuba, enquanto a profundidade e o tipo de sedimento exercem maior influ?ncia em ?reas abrigadas como Caraguatatuba

The aim of this diploma thesis is The teaching of region-general science on the Klatovsko example. In the first part of the work is the theoretical introduction composed from special literature which describes Klatovsko in many views. The region is characterized, defined and divided to the sub regions; either physical-geographical and socio-economical data as well as environment-conservation are reviewed in the theoretical part of this thesis. The work is not focused only on range of general science but also logical attaches it with information from regional geography. This data together gives allover review on the resolved region. The necessary part of this diploma these is own resolving which is based on seeking for knowledge about the region in 4th and 5th classes of elementary schools. The little spread method of mental mapping was used for research and the method was extended with questionary investigation. The results of own resolving are discussed and interpreted by suitable graphs. The teaching-utilities for either region-general science and geography were created on base of obtained results. The learning texts are prepared for direct-teaching of pupils and connected working sheets for reviewing their knowledge and quality-control of teaching were attached. As an alternative learning-method the funny projects are provided with this work. These projects are useful for teaching of Klatovy region.