Darbe pateiktas populiacijos dinamikos modelis, kuriame atsižvelgiama į amžių, patelių nėštumą, vaikų priežiūrą, ekologinius veiksnius. Skirtingų lyčių poros sudaromos naudojant harmoninio vidurkio funkciją, ir laikoma, kad poros egzistuoja tik dauginimosi periodu. Daugumoje populiacijų jauniklius prižiūri tik motinos, todėl laikoma, kad jaunikliai miršta, jei žūva juos prižiūrinti patelė. Kiekvienas individas turi priešreproduktyvųjį, reproduktyvųjį ir poreproduktyvųjį amžiaus intervalus. Individai, esantys priešreproduktyviajame amžiaus intervale, skirstomi į jauniklius, kuriems reikalinga motinos priežiūra, bei paauglius, kurie jau yra savarankiški individai, tik dar nepasiruošę daugintis. Reproduktyvaus amžiaus individai skirstomi į patinus, neapvaisintas pateles, apvaisintas pateles ir jauniklius prižiūrinčias pateles. Modelį sudaro integrodiferencialinės lygtys dalinėmis išvestinėmis su integralinio tipo sąlygomis. Lygčių skaičius priklauso nuo biologiškai galimo maksimalaus skaičiaus palikuonių, ir jis yra baigtinis. Limituotos populiacijos atveju surandami separabilūs sprendiniai, nelimituotos populiacijos atveju įrodoma egzistavimo ir vienaties teorema. / A deterministic model for a sexual age-structured population with females pregnancy, maternal care of offspring, and an environmental pressure is presented. The model involves pairs that exist for period of mating only and uses mating function of simplified harmonic mean type. All adult males are treated as singles. Each sex has pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive age intervals. All adult individuals (of reproductive age) are divided into males, single females, pregnant females, and females taking child care. All individuals of pre-reproductive age are divided into young and juvenile groups. All young individuals are under maternal care while juveniles can live without maternal care. The model consists of integro-differential equations. Separable solutions are studied for the limited nondispersing population. The existence and uniqueness theorem is proved in the case of unlimited population.

本研究探討小資女的微整型風潮，主要由兩大部分構成全文。第一部分是藉由台灣美容歷史的梳理，凸顯1990年代後由醫學主導的美容場域所塑造出的自然美神話。這神話使得選擇微整型實作的個人從自我認同到人際互動，多少都承載著自然美的價值去展演、觀看。透過訪談，本文進而揭示以微整型為日常保養的小資女，當她們在職場中從面試到工作與團體相處時，是如何發揮那隱而不見的「針」功夫，又如何以各種互動和對話技巧規避他人對自我外貌變化的猜疑。此外，本文也指出小資女身處在美容資訊隨處可見、選擇看似無窮的環境中，其個人決定如何在社會凝視下擺盪。應用Goffman的戲劇互動論，本文指出她們在職場上的儀式行為，尤其探問到在不同職場文化中的自我如何已經成為可以彈性形塑並要求改變的符號-物，甚至連同服裝及儀容也必須轉換為應當的儀式表達。 　　第二部分則是從自然美神話裡的矛盾元素去探究醫療細微化的科技視野下所呈現的當代生活。透過訪談，本文初步揭示女性在神話結構當中對於自然美的渴求，並且藉由微整型實作完成神話的矛盾要素。應用Baudrillard的消費社會觀，本文指出當女性在尋求差異以強調自我獨特性時，卻正相反地在迎合社會的共同性價值。此處除了小資女的自我敘述之外，本文也結合理論文獻及二手資料進階探究自然美形塑過程的三大面向，亦即物質技術、廣告消費和數位微整型。首先，我們基於物質、技術與醫師經驗等三個判準，將當前四大微整型技術劃出一條自然光譜。其次，我們從醫美診所的廣告文宣，梳理其中針對微整形技術的自然主張，了解業者的自然宣稱及消費者的自然認知。第三，我們還探討了電腦技術下的數位修圖以便凸顯出微整形的自然美意涵。從數位攝影的普及到網路平台的展演，我們在數位自拍與修圖等虛擬真實的媒介實作中探索自然美神話的疆界。 / This research comprised of two parts studies the emerging trend of cosmetic surgery practiced by young working females in Taiwan. In the first part, a short history of cosmetic practices is outlined to mark the formation of a myth of natural beauty since medical science and technology dominated the traditional field of cosmetic practices in the late 1990s. The myth makes the individual who has gone through cosmetic surgery carry the value of natural beauty while regarding one’s self-identity and performing in social interactions. Through in-depth interviews, the study shows that these young working females who have made cosmetic surgery an integral part of their daily beauty maintenance tend to exercise subtle strategies (art or kung-fu) of simulation, acting and interacting as if their beauty were all natural and real beyond suspicion at work-related situations. In addition, our study finds that personal decisions struggle constantly with the injunction of the social value (of natural beauty) as these young females are exposed to an excessive array of beauty information and surgery options. With resort to Goffman's theory of dramaturgical interaction, this study reveals some interaction rituals performed in different workplaces by these young working females. As a result, the individual self has itself become a sign-object malleable to change along with proper ways of clothing and grooming. The second part proceeds to explore contemporary living under the miniaturized purview of medical technology through the contradictory elements embodied in the myth of natural beauty. Once again drawing on in-depth interviews, the study reveals the female desire of natural beauty derived from the mythical structure, as well as their practices of cosmetic surgery which further realizes those contradictory elements in reproducing the myth. By applying Baudrillard’s theory of the consumer society, this study indicates that the more women intend to stress on their unique selves by marking out individual differences, the more they unintentionally cater to the common value of our society. In this regard, our study, apart from the self reports of interviewees, also combines theoretical discourses and secondary data to further explore the natural beauty process in its three main aspects, which might be termed as the cosmetic surgery of the material (technique), the representational (advertising) and the digital (social media). First, we delineate a spectrum of naturalism for the four major techniques of cosmetic surgery based on substance, technology and experience of the physician. Second, we examine the clinical claims and the consumer perceptions of nature shaped by advertising images and slogans circulated in the beauty industry. Third, we observe the trend of digital retouching with computer technology to sharpen the meaning of natural beauty in the practice of cosmetic surgery. From the relay of digital photography to the display of internet platform, we explore the mythical frontier of natural beauty by witnessing the digital retouching of selfies as a mediatory practice of virtual reality.

Resumo: O experimento foi conduzido no intuito de avaliar ovelhas de descarte abatidas em diferentes estágios fisiológicos e terminadas em confinamento, quanto aos rendimentos de carcaça e seus cortes, assim como dos percentuais de cada não componente da carcaça e o resultado econômico da preparação destes animais para abate. Utilizou-se 21 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, com idade média de seis anos, que foram distribuídas nos respectivos tratamentos: OL = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em lactação com seus respectivos cordeiros e abatidas um dia após o desmame dos mesmos; OSC = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em lactação com seus respectivos cordeiros e mais um período aproximado de 30 dias sem os cordeiros, no intuito de recuperar o peso corporal perdido durante o período de amamentação e posteriormente abatidas; e ONP = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em confinamento e que não pariram durante o ano. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa evidenciaram que as ovelhas do ONP apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça quente (45,00%) e fria (44,73%) em comparação às fêmeas do OL (40,80% e 40,66%). O rendimento verdadeiro foi próximo entre as fêmeas dos diferentes tratamentos, com valor médio de 50,10%. Os rendimentos dos cortes da carcaça (paleta, pescoço, costelas, lombo e perna) foram similares entre todas as ovelhas abatidas nas distintas condições fisiológicas, com valores médios de 18,78%, 9,34%, 27,36%, 7,77%, e 34,70%, respectivamente. Os rendimentos dos não componentes da carcaça foram similares entre as ovelhas abatidas em diferentes estágios fisiológicos, com exceção dos valores do fígado, do sangue, do úbere e da gordura interna. O resultado econômico foi positivo para todos os tratamentos experimentais, no entanto o melhor retorno financeiro foi obtido para os animais do tratamento OSC e o pior para os do tratamento ONP. / Abstract: The experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate discard ewes slaughtered in different physiological stages and terminated in confinement, as for carcass yields and its cuts, as well as the percentages of each non-component of the carcass and the economical result of the preparation of these animals for slaughtering. 21 Santa Inês ewes were used, with average age of six years old, distributed into the following treatments: EL = ewes which remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and slaughtered one day after weaning of the lambs; EWL = ewes that remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and other 30 days approximately without lambs, aiming to recover lost body weight during breastfeeding, and, subsequently, slaughtered; and ENC = ewes that remained in confinement for 60 days and did not deliver during the year. The results obtained in this research showed that ewes from ENC presented higher hot (45.00%) and cold (44.73%) carcass yields, compared to females from EL (40.80% and 40.66%). True yield was proximate between females from the different treatments, with average value of 50.10%. Carcass cuts (shoulderblade, neck, ribs, loin and leg) yields were similar among all ewes slaughtered in the distinct physiological conditions, with average values of 18.78%, 9.34%, 27.36%, 7.77% and 34,70%, respectively. Carcass non-components yields were similar among ewes slaughtered in different physiological stages, except for liver, blood, udder values and internal fat. The economical result was positive for all experimental treatments; however, the best financial return was obtained for animals from treatment EWL and the worst for animals from treatment ENC. / Orientador: André Mendes Jorge / Coorientador: Hirasilva Borba Alves de Souza / Banca: Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo / Banca: Nivea Maria Bracacci Lopes Zeola / Banca: Cledson Augusto Garcia / Banca: Ciniro Costa / Doutor

Desde sua eclosão na década de 1980 na forma de epidemia, a AIDS tem sido principalmente associada a homossexuais masculinos: inicialmente partindo da literatura médica, essa visão espalhou-se também para o público leigo e mantém-se viva no imaginário popular, ainda que, a partir da década de 1990, tenha havido um movimento para reconhecer a parcela cada vez mais vitimada pela síndrome: mulheres heterossexuais. A essa progressão, deu-se o nome de feminização do HIV/AIDS, uma narrativa sobre uma suposta mudança no perfil da epidemia. No entanto, é possível encontrar informações sobre ocorrências da doença em mulheres desde muito antes, e é por meio de uma análise discursiva acerca do tema que este trabalho nasce: embora a epidemia da AIDS nunca tenha deixado de ter mulheres como parte expressiva de seus portadores, os discursos e narrativas desde 1980 vêm sistematicamente falhando em incluí-las e direcionar políticas de prevenção e combate que levem em consideração as particularidades das vivências femininas ou a complexidade de sua vulnerabilidades – parte de um sistema intricado de influência bidirecional entre cultura e materialidade. Utilizando metodologias, conceitos e textos de diversas áreas de produção de conhecimento, me proponho a analisar a inserção do corpo feminino na narrativa da epidemia HIV/AIDS privilegiando a historicidade e as diferentes versões desse objeto. / Since its occurrence in the 1980s in epidemic form, AIDS has been mainly associated to homosexual males: initially put forth by medical literature, this view spread to the non-expert audience as well and is kept alive in people’s imaginations, even though by the 1990s there has been a movement towards recognizing the group increasingly victimized by the syndrome: heterosexual women. This progression has been dubbed feminization of HIV/AIDS, a narrative about a supposed change in the profile of the epidemic. However, it is possible to find information about occurrence of the disease in women since much earlier, and it is through a discoursive analysis around the subject that this work came to be: even though the AIDS epidemic has never been without women as an expressive part of its carriers, mainstream discourse and narratives have since the 1980s systematically failed to include them and direct prevention and treatment politics that take into account particularities of femalehood or the complexity of its vulnerabilities – part of an intricate system of bidirectional influence between culture and materiality. By using methodologies, concepts, and texts from several fields of generation of knowledge, I propose to analyze the insertion of the female body in the HIV/AIDS epidemic focusing on the historicity and the different versions of this object.

There are various factors effecting females' wage level such as marital status, occupation, education, and experience. This paper also includes firm size and answers the questions: What effect does firm size have on female earnings? Is that effect different for black than white females?

Desde sua eclosão na década de 1980 na forma de epidemia, a AIDS tem sido principalmente associada a homossexuais masculinos: inicialmente partindo da literatura médica, essa visão espalhou-se também para o público leigo e mantém-se viva no imaginário popular, ainda que, a partir da década de 1990, tenha havido um movimento para reconhecer a parcela cada vez mais vitimada pela síndrome: mulheres heterossexuais. A essa progressão, deu-se o nome de feminização do HIV/AIDS, uma narrativa sobre uma suposta mudança no perfil da epidemia. No entanto, é possível encontrar informações sobre ocorrências da doença em mulheres desde muito antes, e é por meio de uma análise discursiva acerca do tema que este trabalho nasce: embora a epidemia da AIDS nunca tenha deixado de ter mulheres como parte expressiva de seus portadores, os discursos e narrativas desde 1980 vêm sistematicamente falhando em incluí-las e direcionar políticas de prevenção e combate que levem em consideração as particularidades das vivências femininas ou a complexidade de sua vulnerabilidades – parte de um sistema intricado de influência bidirecional entre cultura e materialidade. Utilizando metodologias, conceitos e textos de diversas áreas de produção de conhecimento, me proponho a analisar a inserção do corpo feminino na narrativa da epidemia HIV/AIDS privilegiando a historicidade e as diferentes versões desse objeto. / Since its occurrence in the 1980s in epidemic form, AIDS has been mainly associated to homosexual males: initially put forth by medical literature, this view spread to the non-expert audience as well and is kept alive in people’s imaginations, even though by the 1990s there has been a movement towards recognizing the group increasingly victimized by the syndrome: heterosexual women. This progression has been dubbed feminization of HIV/AIDS, a narrative about a supposed change in the profile of the epidemic. However, it is possible to find information about occurrence of the disease in women since much earlier, and it is through a discoursive analysis around the subject that this work came to be: even though the AIDS epidemic has never been without women as an expressive part of its carriers, mainstream discourse and narratives have since the 1980s systematically failed to include them and direct prevention and treatment politics that take into account particularities of femalehood or the complexity of its vulnerabilities – part of an intricate system of bidirectional influence between culture and materiality. By using methodologies, concepts, and texts from several fields of generation of knowledge, I propose to analyze the insertion of the female body in the HIV/AIDS epidemic focusing on the historicity and the different versions of this object.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente estudo consiste na utilização de ferramentas nucleares com o intuito de fornecer um procedimento alternativo para realização de análises bioquímicas em sangue que possam auxiliar no diagnóstico de patologias diversas. O objetivo é medir a ocorrência de metais e íons em sangue total de humanos, via ativação neutrônica, disponibilizando os limites de normalidade bem como as correlações entre eles. Para realização deste estudo 283 amostras de sangue total foram analisadas (doadas de indivíduos selecionados em bancos de sangue) obtendo-se os limites de normalidade para: Br (0,0067 - 0,0263 gl-1), Cl (2,54 - 3,50 gl-1), K (1,33 - 1,89 gl-1) e Na (1,48 - 2,06 gl-1). Esses dados constituem as primeiras estimativas realistas para valor de referência em sangue total da população brasileira. Esses limites foram avaliados em função do sexo e idade permitindo salientar as diferenças biológicas. Os limites obtidos para Br, Cl, K e Na foram avaliados também entre diferentes populações, isto é, para duas regiões distintas: Sudeste (coleta realizada na cidade de São Paulo) e Nordeste (coleta realizada na cidade de Recife), locais escolhidos em função das similaridades (cidades de grande porte e industrializadas). Adicionalmente, foi realizado um estudo sistemático desses limites, no período de 4 (quatro) anos, na cidade de São Paulo; para esta finalidade a coleta foi realizada em função do tempo, dada a necessidade de atualização desses dados, pois esses elementos atuam como monitores ambientais. Estimativas para Ca e Fe foram também propostas para um conjunto de 22 amostras de sangue total. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-05-25T11:25:19Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T11:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dada a complexidade epidemiológica do câncer de mama e a escassez de estudos sistemáticos sobre este assunto na região norte do Brasil, este trabalho consiste no primeiro levantamento epidemiológico e assistencial em saúde tomando como base a assistência ao câncer de mama no norte do Tocantins, entre 2010 e 2015, tendo como referência o Hospital Regional de Araguaína. Os objetivos foram: verificar a qualidade das informações cadastradas no SIS-RHC quanto à completude do preenchimento dos dados referentes às mulheres com câncer de mama; avaliar a variação temporal dos percentuais de casos em estádios precoce e tardio da doença no momento do diagnóstico; analisar o tempo decorrido para se conseguir a primeira consulta, o diagnóstico e o tratamento e, analisar a associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas com o estadiamento do tumor no momento do diagnóstico (precoce e tardio). Foram excluídas as variáveis com grau de incompletude acima de 20%. Verificou-se que: a variável ocupação teve 35,1% de preenchimento incompleto e foi excluída da análise; escolaridade apresentou 10,6% de incompletude, alcoolismo 13,5% e tabagismo 12,8%; as demais variáveis apresentaram menos de 10% de incompletude; a maioria das pacientes se apresentou com doença avançada (51,1%); não houve diferença dos percentuais de pacientes com estádios precoces e tardios ao longo dos anos avaliados (p=0,757); a mediana do tempo para consulta foi de 158 dias e para tratamento foi de 182 dias; as mulheres com estadiamento precoce levaram mais tempo para iniciarem o tratamento comparativamente àquelas com estadiamento tardio (p=0,011); as mulheres de raça/cor preta (p=0,012), analfabeta (p=0,003) e de procedência do Pará (p=0,009) apresentaram maior porcentagem de estadiamento tardio no momento do diagnóstico. Assim, concluiu-se que as variáveis da base de dados são fontes de informação consideráveis; a maioria das mulheres foi diagnosticada com doença avançada e a evolução temporal da proporção de casos avançado e precoce não demonstrou mudanças variacionais ao longo dos anos; a qualidade do serviço ambulatorial do HRA para consultas em mastologia mostrou-se precária com tendência a priorizar o atendimento aos pacientes com doença avançada. Por fim, foi identificado associação de câncer de mama em estádio avançado nas mulheres de raça/cor preta, analfabetas e provenientes do estado do Pará. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The purpose was to determine the relationship between high or low cultural mistrust and vocal characteristics in African-American adolescent females. The vocal characteristics were vocal self-identification, singing style, and singing range.

Magister Commercii - MCom / In recent years, there has been a proliferation in research on work-family conflict which has become more prevalent in recent years due to the economic climate in which increasingly large numbers of women are entering or returning to the labour market. Finding equilibrium in work and family arenas has also become more important to South African employees. Traditional gender roles have evolved and the role of females as homemakers is no longer the norm. However, an alternative set of social standards have not yet been established as a substitute to new patterns of work and family life. As a result, it is important to focus on concerns relating to female experiences in the workplace to try and overcome the effects of work-family conflict on females.Job stress and role stress have increased dramatically in work and family life, as more women attempt to balance responsibilities at home whilst simultaneously trying to overcome challenges faced with at the office. Typically role ambiguity, role overload and role interference arises and ultimately produces two forms of conflict: time-based conflict and strain-based conflict. Self-efficacy and implementing coping strategies are means to overcome this.The objective of this study was to explore and add to existing research done on work-family conflict amongst females in the workplace. More specifically the study is to determine whether relationships exist between the variables: job stress, role stress, role overload, inter-role conflict, spousal support, coping behaviours; job, family and life satisfaction, emotional exhaustion; the nature of the relationships and the causal impacts between these variables.Two hundred questionnaires were administered and 150 were returned to women employed in a service oriented organisation in the Western Cape.The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was utilized to analyze and present data in this research with frequency tables and graphical illustrations to provide information on key demographic variables in this study. The results reveal that there are statistically significant relationships amongst work overload and work-family conflict (WFC). There was also a significant relationship between parental overload and WFC. Moreover, the strongest relationship emerged between WFC and family-to-work conflict (FWC). Females experiencing WFC showed a tendency to rely on problem-focused coping strategies. In addition, there was an inverse relationship between job satisfaction and WFC. There was a significant difference in WFC based on age, tenure, number of children, income and tenure. There was no significant difference in WFC on the basis of marital status. There were statistically significant differences in FWC based on some of the biographical characteristics of the respondents. There was a significant difference in FWC based on age, tenure, income and occupation.Approximately 35% of the variance in WFC can be explained by age, education, income, work overload, parental overload and spousal support. These variables account for 33.53% of the variance in WFC, and suggest that other unexplored variables could explain the variance in WFC levels experienced by respondents. Approximately 38% of the variance in role stressors can be attributed to age, education, income, work overload, parental overload and spousal support in relation to FWC. The results which emanated from the current study assist in furthering an understanding of WFC and FWC. Individual and organisational implications are discussed and recommendations are made to further enhance this study with additional research into this area being warranted.