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Depuis les dernières années, les études démographiques montrent un vieillissement manifeste de la population nord-américaine, alors que les personnes âgées font les frais de nombreux stéréotypes et préjugés qui participent à leur marginalisation de la société. Nous postulons qu’une « culture gérontophobique » se développe et que les comportements âgistes sont intériorisés par les individus. Au sein de cette culture gérontophobique valorisant la jeunesse, la rapidité, l’efficacité, le refus et le rejet de la vieillesse et des « vieux », plusieurs options s’offrent aux personnes âgées; se conformer aux idéaux de jeunesse et de paraitre de la société actuelle ou les contester en assumant pleinement leur âge et leur corps. Ce mémoire est une étude des séries Society Portraits de Cindy Sherman et Pretty Ribbons de Donigan Cumming qui explorent différemment la représentation de l’âge et l’enjeu de la gérontophobie dans leur série photographique respective. Les études gérontologiques culturelles de Julia Twigg et Wendy Martin, les études féministes de Kathleen Woodward, Michelle Meagher et Judith Butler, ainsi que les théories photographiques d’Anca Cristofovici et Olivier Lugon, vont nous servir à l’analyse de ces deux attitudes opposées face à la vieillesse féminine, victime d’un double standard. Ce double standard dénoncé par Susan Sontag et les études gérontologiques féministes positionne les femmes âgées dans une impasse puisqu’elles sont aux prises avec les préjugés sexistes en plus d’être constamment sous la pression des apparences et de l’âgisme. Dans l’histoire de l’art et le régime des images artistiques, nous constatons un récent mouvement de revalorisation de la vieillesse et de l’expérience des personnes âgées et vieillissantes. De nombreux artistes cherchent à changer les perceptions négatives à l’égard de la vieillesse et remettent en question les préjugés gérontophobes qu’on leur porte. Ce mémoire vise à analyser en détail les images de Sherman et Cumming avant de se clore par une étude comparative de leur série et démontrer comment ce mouvement de revalorisation et de déconstruction des stéréotypes prend forme dans les images photographiques contemporaines. / In recent years, demographic studies have shown a clear aging of the North American population, while seniors face many stereotypes and prejudices that contribute to their marginalization from society. We postulate that a "gerontophobic culture" is developing and that ageist behaviors are internalized by individuals. Within this gerontophobic culture, which values youth, rapidity, efficiency, and the refusal and rejection of old age and "old people", several options are available to older people: conform to the ideals of youth and appearance of today's society or challenge them by fully assuming their age and their body. This dissertation is a study of Cindy Sherman's Society Portraits and Donigan Cumming's Pretty Ribbons series that differently explore the representation of age and the issue of gerontophobia in their respective photographic series. The cultural gerontological studies of Julia Twigg and Wendy Martin, the feminist studies of Kathleen Woodward, Michelle Meagher and Judith Butler, as well as the photographic theories of Anca Cristofovici and Olivier Lugon, will be used to analyze these two opposing attitudes towards old age for women who are victims of a double standard. This double standard, denounced by Susan Sontag and feminist gerontological studies, places older women in an impasse, as they are confronted with sexist prejudices, in addition to being constantly under the pressure of appearances and the cult of youth. In the history of art and the regime of artistic images, we see a recent movement to revalue old age and the experience of older and aging people. Many artists are seeking to change negative perceptions of old age and challenge gerontophobic assumptions about it. This thesis aims to analyze Sherman’s and Cumming's images in detail, ending with a comparative study of their series seeking to demonstrate how this movement to revalue and deconstruct stereotypes is taking shape in contemporary photographic images.

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No description available.

Ce mémoire de maitrise se penche précisément sur une des caractéristiques de la culture du viol, soit l’érotisation des violences sexuelles. Il cherche à démontrer la présence de stratégies formelles et narratives érotisantes dans les scènes d’agressions sexuelles de longs métrages de fiction québécois des années 1960 à aujourd’hui et par le fait même, il étudie le fonctionnement du processus cinématographique d’érotisation. Afin de bien mener cette recherche, les agressions sexuelles, la culture du viol et l’érotisme font l’objet d’un exercice de définition. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à la conceptualisation de l’érotisme, ce qui permet de circonscrire des stratégies formelles et narratives pertinentes à l’analyse de nos objets d’étude. Nous y détaillons les caractéristiques du cinéma érotique et du cinéma pornographique puisqu’elles participent au processus d’érotisation. Également, nous nous attardons sur la théorie des regards, notamment sur le male gaze, le female gaze et notre proposition de regard déplacé, puisqu’elle occupe une place prépondérante dans la définition de l’érotisme à l’écran. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l’analyse formelle et narrative de Gina (Denys Arcand, 1975) tandis que le troisième chapitre se concentre sur les études de La Rivière sans repos (Marie-Hélène Cousineau et Madeline Ivalu, 2019) et du cas limitrophe d’Elles étaient cinq (Ghislaine Côté, 2004) qui précise et nuance l’opposition entre l’érotisation et la non-érotisation des représentations d’agressions sexuelles. Ces analyses filmiques détaillées sont supplémentées de tableaux analysant 30 longs métrages. / This master’s thesis examines one of the rape culture characteristics, namely the eroticization of sexual violence. It seeks to demonstrate the presence of eroticizing formal and narrative strategies in scenes of sexual assault in Quebec feature films from the 1960s to the present. In doing so, it explores the functioning of the cinematic process of eroticization. To properly conduct this research, we define the concepts of eroticism, rape culture and sexual assault. The first chapter focuses on the conceptualization of eroticism, which allows us to determine formal and narrative strategies relevant to our objects of study analysis. Notably, we detail the characteristics of erotic cinema and pornographic cinema since they are all part of the eroticization process. Also, we elaborate on the gaze theory since it occupies a dominating place in the definition of cinematic eroticism, particularly on the male gaze, the female gaze, and our proposal of regard déplacé. The second chapter is dedicated to the formal and narrative analysis of Gina (Denys Arcand, 1975) while the third chapter focuses on the studies of La Rivière sans repos (Marie-Hélène Cousineau and Madeline Ivalu, 2019) and of the bordering case of Elles étaient cinq (Ghislaine Côté, 2004) which clarifies and nuances the opposition between the eroticization and non-eroticization of sexual assault representations. These film analyses are enriched by analytical grids covering 30 movies.

The aim for this essay is, along with the four included case studies, is to examine the social media platform, Instagram's strict guidelines when it comes to showing nudity.  On the platform there is a certain double standard, artists as well as art institutions are censored, that is, they get pictures removed or their accounts blocked when they try to show works that have nudity depicted, but at the same time nudity exists on the platform, this essay wants to highlight the double standard by setting the example that images from accounts of celebrities, which show as much nudity as a work of art, if not more, are allowed to be available on the social platform. This essay then also wants to emphasize that why it is this way is because fundamentally it is a social problem, it is the structures and norms that exist around us that are the contributing factors. How we see the ideal body and beauty and how the male gaze is the gaze that is precisely the dominant gaze. Another factor that this essay will analyse is the difference between art and pornography, and how it affects censorship among a number of artists. With the support of interviews and the theoretical frameworks, this essay will examine Instagram as a modern place to display art, while the platform is mostly double standards and bias. In addition, this essay will highlight that in the game of nudity celebrities have different and easier rules of the game, compared to artists, they are instead dealt with the strict rules of the game. / Målet med denna uppsats är tillsammans med de fyra inkluderade fall studierna, undersöka den sociala media plattformen, Instagrams strikta riktlinjer när det kommer till att visa nakenhet. På plattformen förekommer det en viss dubbelmoral, konstnärer samt konstinstitutioner blir censurerade, det vill säga, de får bilder borttagna eller deras konton blockerade när de försöker visa verk som har nakenhet avbildat, men samtidigt existerar det nakenhet på plattformen, denna uppsats vill framhäva den dubbelmoral genom att ge exempel på att bilder från kända personers konton, som visar lika mycket nakenhet som ett konstverk, om inte mer, får vara tillgängligt på den sociala plattformen. Denna uppsats vill då även framhäva att varför det är på detta sätt är för i grunden är det ett samhällsproblem, det är strukturer och normer som existerar runt omkring oss som är de bidragande faktorerna. Hur vi ser den ideala kroppen samt skönhet och hur den manliga blicken är den blicken som är just den dominanta blicken. En annan faktor som denna uppsats kommer analysera är skillnaden på konst och pornografi, och hur det påverkar censuren bland ett antal konstnärer.  Med stöd av intervjuer och de teoretiska ramverken kommer denna uppsats undersöka Instagram som en modern plats för att visa konst, samtidigt som plattformen är till mesta del dubbelmoralisk och bias. Dessutom kommer denna uppsats att framhäva att i spelet om nakenhet har kända personer andra och enklare spelregler, jämfört med konstnärer, de blir i stället utdelade de stränga spelreglerna.

This thesis provides a complex understanding of the phenomenological experience of whiteness as a racial category. Based on theories of critical whiteness studies, intersectionality and (white) phenomenology, I conducted five semi-structured interviews with five white women about their understandings of their whiteness within a context of transnational travel. The interviews have been interpreted using thematic analysis, with the aim to show that whiteness is inherently relational and contextual, always in conjunction with Others and in interplay with the spatial context, while at the same time intrinsically related to other intersectional parts of the self. By making use of autoethnography as a methodology, my situated knowledge as a researcher was integrated within the entire thesis. The study has shown that whiteness never stands alone but is inherently relational, not only with racialized Others, but also with other intersections such as womanhood, which complexifies the experience and understanding of it. Moreover, whiteness is perceived as the most normalized standard from which everything different and other is measured by, while it serves as an invisible social category that can move through the world unnoticed. Consequently, the normality of whiteness creates a feeling of reassurance and comfort and thus keeps it in its place as the most normalized social category from which the world unfolds.

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"Quare Contestations: Bridging Queer, Lesbian, and Feminist Narratives of the Irish Diaspora" examines three sets of biographical and autobiographical narratives about Irish who migrated to the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries. Dwelling primarily in queer studies and diaspora studies, this thesis participates in the construction of a queer Irish diaspora archive by analyzing the spaces of overlap between Irish queer, feminist, and lesbian - together, quare - theory and lived experience in these narratives. In my analysis, I demonstrate the fluidity, movement, and interdisciplinary scope of a quare framework for approaching studies of gender and sexuality in the Irish diaspora context. This thesis intervenes into the work already being done to queer Irish diaspora by examining the contestations of "Irishness" appearing in the narratives that are analyzed, and by in turn contesting and complicating the action and meanings made by "queer" in the existing archive of queer Irish diaspora literature.