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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research discusses the exclusion of the nineteenth century female writing from the literary field. The object of study is A Rainha do Ignoto (1899), by Emília Freitas, a novel excluded by critics because of its female authorship. Although this neglect would be explained by the assumed lack of quality of this kind of literature, it is well known that this thought reflects patriarchal ideas against women. This work was made possible thanks to previous researchers who made an archeological work and (re)discovered many female literary works which had been forsaken. The discussion of this novel begins with the consideration of feminist literary criticism in order to understand the reasons for the exclusion of writing from the literary tradition. Other excluded female literary works produced in nineteenth-century Brazil will be considered once there are basically no female literary works before the 1800 s. In the sequence, A Rainha do Ignoto will be analyzed through a feminist theoretical perspective drawn on the studies of Heloísa Buarque Hollanda (1994) and Elaine Showalter (1994). Finally, the novel A Rainha do Ignoto will be analyzed considering the context of Emília Freitas life and production, already studied by Alcilene Cavalcante s (2008). Based on the works of Raymond Trousson (1979), Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel (2012), and Ana Cláudia Romano Ribeiro (2010), one may claim that Freitas novel can be considered as utopian literature of the kind produced in the western world. / Esta pesquisa pretende discutir a exclusão da autoria feminina do século XIX dos estudos literários, tendo como corpus a obra A Rainha do Ignoto (1899), de Emília Freitas. Essa escolha mostra-se relevante tendo em vista que, ao longo do século XIX e boa parte do século XX, os críticos e teóricos da literatura excluíram a autoria feminina do cânone literário. Embora essa exclusão seja falsamente justificada pela falta de qualidade estética e artística das obras, sabe-se que na realidade ela somente ocorreu porque a lógica patriarcal construiu- se sobre inúmeros paradigmas baseados na inferioridade cognitiva natural das mulheres . A discussão proposta aqui somente tornou-se possível graças ao resgate arqueológico realizado por pesquisadores que retiraram das margens literárias diversas obras escamoteadas ao longo desse período. Para analisar a obra que constitui o corpus dessa pesquisa, inicialmente, partir- se-á da crítica literária feminista para entender os desdobramentos da exclusão da autoria feminina da tradição literária. Em vista disso, verificar-se-ão algumas exclusões da autoria feminina no decorrer do século XIX, considerando que praticamente não há produção literária feminina no Brasil antes de 1800. Posteriormente, discutir-se-á a obra sob o viés teórico literário feminista, dando ênfase às concepções de Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda (1994) e Elaine Showalter (1994). Em seguida, tratar-se-á especificamente da obra A Rainha do Ignoto, contextualizando a vida e produção de sua autora, Emília Freitas, tendo como base as pesquisas de Alcilene Cavalcante (2008). No contexto de discussão sobre a obra, partir-se-á do paradigma de que ela se insere dentro da literatura utópica do romance ocidental, tendo como referência Raymond Trousson (1979), Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel (2012) e Ana Cláudia Romano Ribeiro (2010).

This study examines a chosen set of prominent actors within family planning initiatives aimed toward the global South to find out if there are traces of “smart economics” within the framings of the initiatives. The smart economic framework has received critique for instrumentalising women and using gender equality as a tool rather than a goal. Researchers have found similar arguments within the family planning discourse and emphasised the potential harm these arguments lead to. By looking at the websites of six family planning actors, a content analysis is the chosen method. By examining the texts from the websites through categories invented from key elements of the smart economic framework, certain themes or the lack of these themes can be used to find traces of smart economics within the framings of family planning initiatives. The material from the chosen organisations is argued to influence the family planning discourse and is relevant to review. The results show that there are traces of a smart economic narrative within the framings of family planning initiatives. As previous research has pointed out, there is a lack of focus on men’s role in family planning. By using a smart economic narrative, the organisations working with family planning contribute to the discourse as well as the overall development discourse. By addressing the problems of using the smart economic framework, hopefully, the discourse can transform into being rights-based and not instrumental.

Discussions of rape inevitability tum to the actions of the victim. This thesis documents some of the ways that American law tends to blame rape victims for the crimes against them, rather than blame the perpetrators of rape. This study contends that such an anti-victim reaction arises because patriarchal anthropology, the philosophy of living which grows out of patriarchal theology, proclaims that women are not only sinful but the very cause of sin. The central focus of this thesis is American case law pertaining to rape, critiqued through the lens of patriarchal anthropology. The cultural bias against the victim extends into the heart of the American legal system. This study seeks to demonstrate that patriarchal anthropology and the normalization of rape culture has created a justice system in which blaming the victim is acceptable, and in which the state of mind, previous actions, or appearance of the victim are inappropriately considered when deciding the innocence or guilt of an alleged rapist.

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La définition commune du concept d’autonomie prend son origine dans les travaux d’Emmanuel Kant. Au XXe siècle, une lecture féministe de ce concept dénonce, en la faisant ressortir, une conception atomiste et masculine de l’autonomie, non représentative de la nature vulnérable et sociale de l’être humain. Ce mémoire explore les concepts d’autonomie et de vulnérabilité dans une perspective féministe en cherchant à établir comment il serait possible de concevoir l’agent moral comme étant autonome tout en étant dépendant de son environnement social. Le concept d’autonomie relationnelle proposé par Catriona Mackenzie et Natalie Stoljar constitue une alternative à la conception kantienne qui est plus en accord avec la sociabilité humaine. / The common definition of autonomy takes its origins from the works of Emmanuel Kant. During the twentieth century, a feminist lecture of this nature denounces, while also highlighting an atomistic and masculine conception of autonomy, non-representative of the vulnerable and social nature of the human being. This memoir explores the themes and concepts surrounding autonomy and vulnerability within a feminist perspective, while actively establishing the possibility of the moral agent as a separate and autonomous member, dependent on its social environment. The concept of relational autonomy proposed by Catriona Mackenzie and Natalie Stoljar constitutes an alternative to this Kant notion, which is further adjusted with human sociability.

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The thesis Otherness and Identity deals with the discourse of Gilles Deleuze (Différence et répétition, 1968) and Deleuze in cooperation with Félix Guattari (Capitalisme et schizophrénie: L'Anti-Oedipe, 1972, Mille plateaux, 1980, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?, 1991). On the basis of their discourse the process of individuation is constructed, and is at first situated into deleuzean space-time. The process of individuation is based on the principle of inner difference that is understood as a generative principle which "makes the difference". In this sense, the concept of individuation represents a concept of otherness unlike the concept of identity. The first and the second part of the thesis present basic principles of thinking of Deleuze and Guattari. In the third part of the thesis the principle of identity is localized in the work of Deleuze and Guattari. This concept is understood as a consequence of illegitimate uses of the synthesis of unconsciousness. On this ground their critique of psychoanalytic reproduction of repressive Oedipal structures is presented. And the Oedipal structure in it's reproductive function is also presented as a construct of sexual identity. The fourth part of the thesis is devoted to confrontation of opinion motivations, views and strategies of Deleuze and Guattari...

Tendo como objeto de estudo obras poéticas de Hilda Hilst, brasileira; e Ana Paula Tavares, angolana, esta pesquisa visa a discutir caracteres da construção identitária culturalmente atribuídos à condição feminina, a partir das manifestações eróticas representadas poeticamente na obra dessas autoras. Embora sejam escritoras não diretamente vinculadas a um programa literário feminista, ao representarem poeticamente o erotismo, contribuem para promover a emancipação da mulher. Associam-se, assim, construção erótica e construção da cidadania, analisadas neste projeto de um ângulo simultaneamente literário e sócio-existencial. / Taking as an object of study poetic works from Hilda Hilst, Brazilian; and Ana Paula Tavares, Angolan, this inquiry aims to discuss characters from the identity construction culturally attributed to the feminine condition, derived from the erotic demonstrations poetically represented in the work of these authors. Though they are writers not straightly linked to a literary feminist program, while representing poetically the eroticism they contribute to promote the emancipation of women. Therefore, the erotic construction and the citizenship construction have been associated and analyzed in this project simultaneously from a literary and a social-existential angle.