Lärares genusmedvetenhet i relation till naturvetenskaplig verksamhet är fokus för denna avhandling, som belyses genom två studier: en longitudinell aktionsforskningsstudie som genomfördes tillsammans med en grupp förskollärare/lärare och en studie där verksamma förskollärare/lärare under en fortbildningskurs fick tillämpa en genusteori på en verklig klassrumshändelse. Studierna visar att genusarbete är komplicerat eftersom det inbegriper många aspekter av livet och en viktig del av genusmedvetenheten är att förhålla sig till dessa olika aspekter. Det är av avgörande betydelse att utmana föreställningar om genus, där utmaningarna resulterar i att föreställningarna blir verbaliserade och därmed synliggjorda. Vidare visar studierna att genom att ta avstamp i feministisk vetenskapskritik och pedagogik kan ett alternativt sätt att förhålla sig till lärande och undervisning i naturvetenskap bli möjligt. För lärare som inte har en naturvetenskaplig bakgrund, men som ska genomföra aktiviteter eller undervisa i ämnena, blir de didaktiska och pedagogiska kompetenser de redan besitter en startpunkt för att utveckla sina ämnesdidaktiska förmågor. Kompetensutveckling med ett feministiskt anslag kan ge lärarna ”empowerment” som medför att de känner större delaktighet i den naturvetenskapliga praktiken och därmed kan bidra till att utveckla såväl dess kultur som kunskapsstoffet. Avhandlingen ger också nya metodologiska kunskapsbidrag om aktionsforskning. Ett resultat är att tid är en viktig faktor som man måste ta hänsyn till beroende på vilken förändring man vill åstadkomma. Forskaren som deltar i aktionsforskningen som en ”outsider” har en viktig funktion genom att kunna överblicka processen samt uppmärksamma och använda sig av kritiska händelser för att driva förändringsarbetet framåt. / The main focus in this thesis is teachers’ gender awareness related to scientific practice. The thesis is based on two different empirical studies: a longitudinal action research study together with a group of teachers (K-6) and a study during an in-service development course where experienced teachers applied gender theory on a real classroom situation, a case. The studies show that working with gender is complicated and comprises of many aspects of human life. An important part of gender awareness is to be able to relate to these aspects. A question of vital importance is to challenge conceptions of gender in such a way that the conceptions will be verbalized and thereby visualized. Moreover, the studies show that feminist pedagogy and theory of science can lead to a new approach to teaching and learning in science. For teachers without any background in science, there are other competences than just subject matter knowledge that are vital for teaching. Feminist perspectives in professional development reinforce teachers’ pedagogical competences and their pedagogical content knowledge and thereby make these teachers feel they participate in the scientific practice and contribute in developing both the stuff of knowledge and its culture. The thesis also contributes to new methodological knowledge about action research. One of the results is that time is an important factor to take into consideration depending on what kind of change you want to receive. The researcher engaged in action research as an "outsider" has an important function in order to monitor the process and pay attention and use critical events to drive the change process forward.

Tendo como objeto de estudo obras poéticas de Hilda Hilst, brasileira; e Ana Paula Tavares, angolana, esta pesquisa visa a discutir caracteres da construção identitária culturalmente atribuídos à condição feminina, a partir das manifestações eróticas representadas poeticamente na obra dessas autoras. Embora sejam escritoras não diretamente vinculadas a um programa literário feminista, ao representarem poeticamente o erotismo, contribuem para promover a emancipação da mulher. Associam-se, assim, construção erótica e construção da cidadania, analisadas neste projeto de um ângulo simultaneamente literário e sócio-existencial. / Taking as an object of study poetic works from Hilda Hilst, Brazilian; and Ana Paula Tavares, Angolan, this inquiry aims to discuss characters from the identity construction culturally attributed to the feminine condition, derived from the erotic demonstrations poetically represented in the work of these authors. Though they are writers not straightly linked to a literary feminist program, while representing poetically the eroticism they contribute to promote the emancipation of women. Therefore, the erotic construction and the citizenship construction have been associated and analyzed in this project simultaneously from a literary and a social-existential angle.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-08T13:16:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2477689 bytes, checksum: a9d728b9ec29faf923c3ae254210d0a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T13:16:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2477689 bytes, checksum: a9d728b9ec29faf923c3ae254210d0a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research questions the canonical marginality of New Portuguese Letters (1972) and the inclusion of female authors in the Portuguese literary narrative, from the observation that the emergence of women authorship in Portugal was not the subject of critical readings that allowed grasping the literary procedures proposed by women's agency. The readings of the Portuguese literary canon that are guided by gynocritical methodologies of female works retrieval put New Portuguese letters as a literary milestone for the writers who start writing after 1972, paving the way for canon revisionist projects focused on gender category. Taking as its starting point the seventeenth-century letters of Mariana Alcoforado, the three Marias use a genre of autobiographical domain associated with the feminine expression to promote a dialogue with the society of the time. Sharing the credits for this collaborative work, they deliberately do not sign each text. Through these formal procedures, New Portuguese Letters implode categories of authorship and authority of the texts. / Esta pesquisa questiona a marginalidade canônica de Novas Cartas Portuguesas (1972) e a inserção da autoria feminina na narrativa literária portuguesa, a partir da observação de que a emergência da escrita de mulheres em Portugal não foi objeto de leituras críticas que permitissem apreender os procedimentos literários propostos pelo agenciamento feminino. As releituras do cânone literário português que se orientam por metodologias ginocríticas de resgate de obras de autoria feminina colocam Novas Cartas como um marco literário para as escritoras que começam a escrever depois de 1972, abrindo caminho para projetos revisionistas do cânone centradas na categoria de gênero. Tomando como ponto de partida as cartas seiscentistas de Mariana Alcoforado, as três Marias utilizam um gênero do domínio autobiográfico associado à expressão feminina para promoverem um diálogo com a sociedade da época. Repartindo a autoria da obra, abdicam de assinar individualmente os textos. Através desses procedimentos formais, Novas Cartas Portuguesas implode as categorias de autoria e de autoridade dos textos.

This diploma thesis deals with the degree of autonomy of women in the issue of breastfeeding in the Czech environment. It examines in particular the form of current breastfeeding and its normativity through narativ interviews with women who had breastfeeding experience. The aim of this work is to expose the form of the current brestfeeding standard, its limits, negativity and impacts through feminist optics and offer possible solutions in the discourse of breastfeeding. The basic theoretical starting point of the thesis is the development of infant feeding standards, its promotion and legislative anchoring in the Czech Republic as social approach of brestfeeding as well. In particular, the thesis deals with the feminist critique of the discourse of the fight, which provides the necessary arguments for looking at the phenomenon of breastfeeding standard in a different way and introducing the standard as social and cultural constructed. The analysis is the result of introducing current breastfeeding standards in the Czech republic as a directive reuqirement towards women to breastfeed which threatens women's integrity. Keywords breastfeeding standard, breastfeeding support strategy, breastfeeding promotion, feminist critique, breastfeeding experience

<p>Under 1995 togs ett riksdagsbeslut om att skapa en stödform som möjliggjorde för partier med mandat i riksdagen att med Sida-finansierade projektmedel verka för att bygga upp partisystem i Östeuropa och i utvecklingsländer genom så kallade partianknutna organisationer (PAO). Dessa organisationer skall enligt ett regeringsbeslut från 1998 också arbeta med att särskilt uppmärksamma kvinnor i sina projekt. Jämställdhet har sedan mitten av 1990-talet varit ett av huvudmålen för svenskt bistånd och på senare år har jämställdhet kommit att utgöra en betydelsefull markör för svensk nationell identitet.</p><p>I uppsatsen studeras hur svenska nationella identiteter konstrueras i PAO:s biståndsarbete för jämställdhet, och med att särskilt uppmärksamma kvinnor. Syftet fokuserar på hur dessa föreställningar, sammanlänkade med idéer om kön och ’ras’, etableras och upprätthålls inom PAO-biståndet. Ett kompletterande syfte är att lyfta fram ambivalenser i konstruktionen av dessa identiteter, för att visa att organisering kring andra identiteter är möjligt. På det här sättet vill uppsatsen ifrågasätta förgivet tagna identiteter och sätta in dem i ett sammanhang där olika aspekter av identitetskonstruktioner inom bistånd kan diskuteras.</p>

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The thesis deals with the picture of woman in the Croatian prose and its transformations from realism to present times. The main aim of the thesis is to map out characteristics of the female subject primarily within discourses of feminist critique in the context of social aspects of the Croatian milieu. Thesis focuses on analysis of female characters that firstly embodies the social hierarchy, secondly represents the mythological concept of femininity and thirdly works towards confrontation of feminine identity with the patriachal phallogocentric discourse. It also focuses on the analysis of femininity, sensibility and sexuality. The main part of the thesis comprises the analyses of nine selected texts written by Croatian authors, namely Goldsmith's gold by August Šenoa, In the Registrar's Office by Antun Kovačić, Diary by Dragojla Jarnević, Melita by J. E. Tomić, The Last of the Stipančićs by Vjenceslav Novak, The Return of Philip Latinowicz by Miroslav Krleža, Marina; or, About Biography by Irena Vrkljan, Divine Hunger by Slavenka Drakulić and Ministry of Pain by Dubravka Ugrešić. The thesis shows the transformation of female characters by the influence of intellectual concepts and specific cultural situation in patriarchal society. Texts are chosen for typological diversity, which aims to cover...

Under 1995 togs ett riksdagsbeslut om att skapa en stödform som möjliggjorde för partier med mandat i riksdagen att med Sida-finansierade projektmedel verka för att bygga upp partisystem i Östeuropa och i utvecklingsländer genom så kallade partianknutna organisationer (PAO). Dessa organisationer skall enligt ett regeringsbeslut från 1998 också arbeta med att särskilt uppmärksamma kvinnor i sina projekt. Jämställdhet har sedan mitten av 1990-talet varit ett av huvudmålen för svenskt bistånd och på senare år har jämställdhet kommit att utgöra en betydelsefull markör för svensk nationell identitet. I uppsatsen studeras hur svenska nationella identiteter konstrueras i PAO:s biståndsarbete för jämställdhet, och med att särskilt uppmärksamma kvinnor. Syftet fokuserar på hur dessa föreställningar, sammanlänkade med idéer om kön och ’ras’, etableras och upprätthålls inom PAO-biståndet. Ett kompletterande syfte är att lyfta fram ambivalenser i konstruktionen av dessa identiteter, för att visa att organisering kring andra identiteter är möjligt. På det här sättet vill uppsatsen ifrågasätta förgivet tagna identiteter och sätta in dem i ett sammanhang där olika aspekter av identitetskonstruktioner inom bistånd kan diskuteras.

Cette thèse porte sur l’évolution du personnage féminin, des points de vue physique, psychologique et social, dans vingt-deux romans publiés entre 1924 et 2012, par dix-neuf écrivaines issues des Caraïbes francophones, soit, de la Guadeloupe, d’Haïti et de la Martinique. Le corpus est divisé en trois tranches chronologiques, à savoir, les romans qui ont été publiés entre 1924 et 1959 (c’est-à-dire, la période qui correspond plus ou moins aux mouvements littéraires de l’Indigénisme et de la Négritude), puis les romans publiés entre 1960 et 1989 (ou la période qui coïncide avec la littérature de la dictature, la littérature de l’exil, et l’Antillanité) et, en dernier lieu, les romans qui ont été publiés entre 1990 et 2012 (durant la période qui équivaut à la littérature post-dictature, à la littérature migrante, et à la Créolité). Après avoir situé les œuvres de notre corpus dans leur contexte historique, nous avons analysé celles qui tombent dans la catégorie des récits de soi, puisque plus du tiers des textes à l’étude, neuf sur vingt-deux, ont recours à cette stratégie narrative. En nous appuyant sur les théories de l’autobiographie et de l’autofiction, nous constatons qu’à travers les récits et le « je » subjectif des protagonistes, les écrivaines réécrivent en quelque sorte l’histoire d’un point de vue endogène. Les récits se transforment en terreaux fertiles qui donnent aux écrivaines l’occasion de contourner à loisir les règles du pacte autobiographique et de franchir allègrement la frontière entre le fictif et le réel, en utilisant diverses ruses auctoriales par l’entremise desquelles elles représentent la femme noire, dans une perspective qui se veut valorisante, tout en lui redonnant, de manière symbolique, la voix qui lui a été usurpée pendant la période esclavagiste. L’analyse du personnage féminin démontre que la composante raciale demeure un facteur incontournable dans l’univers romanesque féminin des Caraïbes francophones. À l’appui des théories du personnage et d’études qui portent sur l’écriture des femmes, nous remarquons que, sur le plan physique, les écrivaines de la première génération ont surtout créé des héroïnes à la carnation pale, alors que les personnages féminins noirs sont secondaires, du point de vue actantiel. Cette tendance change progressivement dans les romans des écrivaines de la seconde génération qui incluent de plus en plus de protagonistes noires ou à la peau foncée qui sont au cœur de l’action. Au fil des ans, les écrivaines mettent davantage en scène des protagonistes qui illustrent avec acuité l’aspect multiethnique et multiracial des îles. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse psychologique du personnage féminin en nous basant sur les théories féministes. Si les héroïnes romanesques de la première génération d’écrivaines ont tendance à accepter leur sort avec résignation, celles de la seconde génération se battent avec acharnement pour s’émanciper des influences néfastes qui minent leur existence. Les héroïnes des romans contemporains vont encore plus loin dans leur lutte pour faire valoir leurs droits, en commettant souvent des actes qui sont jugés contraires à la norme. Sur le plan social, force est de constater que la race et la situation familiale des protagonistes durant leur enfance déterminent en grande partie la place qu’elles occuperont plus tard dans l’échelle sociale. Les éléments racial, physique, psychologique et social influent l’un sur l’autre et ont un grand impact sur l’issue de l’intrigue. Notre étude porte également sur la nature des rapports du personnage féminin avec les personnages masculins. Une fois de plus, à l’appui d’éléments se rapportant, entre autres, à la théorie du personnage et aux théories féministes, nous avons classé les personnages masculins selon les catégories : du bon, de la brute, de l’infâme et du criminel, en fonction de leurs interactions avec les héroïnes romanesques. Au facteur racial, s’ajoute le lieu de l’intrigue comme déterminant de l’issue de l’histoire. Pour ce qui est des relations entre les personnages féminins, nous constatons qu’au cours des cent dernières années, ces relations évoluent d’une dynamique individuelle (alors que les héroïnes romanesques comptent exclusivement sur la loyauté de leur confidente), à une dynamique collective, alors que l’on constate de plus en plus l’emploi du topos de l’espace clos comme stratégie pour assurer, a priori, la protection (physique, psychologique, sociale) des personnages féminins en question. Notre analyse des substituts maternels démontre, entre autres, l’évolution de la figure grand-maternelle qui passe progressivement du statut d’aïeule mythique à celui d’éducatrice subversive, et à celui de protagoniste qui occupe une place prépondérante dans l’intrigue et au sein de son entourage. / This thesis focuses on the physical, psychological and social evolution of female characters, in twenty-two novels that were published between 1924 and 2012, by nineteen women writers from the French Caribbean, namely from Guadeloupe, Haiti and Martinique. The corpus is divided into three chronological brackets. The first chronological bracket consists of the novels that were published between 1924 and 1959 (or the period that more or less corresponds to the Indigenism and Négritude literary movements). The second chronological bracket consists of novels that were published between 1960 and 1989 (that is, the period corresponding to Dictatorship Literature, Exile Literature and Antillanité). The third and last chronological bracket comprises novels that were published between 1990 and 2012 (namely, during the period that corresponds to Post-Dictatorship Literature, Migrant Literature and Créolité). After situating the novels in their historical context, we analyzed those that fall in the first-person narrative category, since over a third of the novels we are studying (nine out of twenty-two) use this narrative strategy. Drawing on autobiographical and autofiction theories, we find that through the subjective “I” of the protagonists’ stories, the women writers somehow rewrite history from an endogenous perspective. The narratives then become fertile grounds that allow the writers to subvert the rules of the autobiographical pact at their will, while merrily crossing the boundaries between truth and fiction. The women writers use various auctorial ruses through which they aim to represent the Black woman in a positive manner and symbolically give her back her voice, which was silenced during slavery. Analyzing female characters demonstrates that race remains an inescapable factor in the French Caribbean fiction world. Using theories pertaining to fiction characters and women’s writing, we notice that from a physical standpoint, the women writers from the first generation mainly created fair-skinned heroines, while Black female characters were mostly represented as secondary personages. This practice progressively changed as women writers from the second generation created more dark-skinned and Black female characters that are front and center in the plots. Throughout the years, women writers showcase more and more protagonists which keenly illustrate the multiethnic and multicultural aspects of the islands. We proceeded with the psychological analysis of female characters, by using feminist theories. If the heroines created by the first generation of women writers tend to accept their fate with resignation, those created by the second generation of women writers relentlessly fight to free themselves from the negative influences that undermine their lives. The protagonists of contemporary novels go even further when they fight for their rights, and often act in ways that are considered to be against the norm. On the social front, the race and the family situation of the protagonists during their childhood will play a great part in the position they will hold in the socioeconomic ladder, later on. The racial, physical, psychological and social components intersect and have a certain influence over one another, as they also play a significant role in the ending of the story. Our study also focuses on the nature of the interactions of female characters with male characters. Once again, using elements pertaining to the theories of fiction characters, we ranked the male characters in the following four categories: the good male characters, the bullies, the wicked and the criminals, with respect to the types of relations they sustain with the heroines. Along with the race factor, the location of the plot also has an impact on the ending of the story. When focusing on the types of relations that occur strictly among female characters, we note that these relations have evolved from an individual standpoint in the early-years novels (while the heroines exclusively relied on the loyalty of their confident), to a collective one, as women writers increasingly rely on the use of the topos of the closed space, as a strategy that a priori ensures the (physical, psychological, social) safety of female characters. Among other things, our analysis of mother substitutes shows the evolution of the grand-mother figure, which progressively transitions from mythical ancestor to subversive educator, then to a leading character who takes centre stage in the plot, and has a good standing among the members of her entourage

Ecofeminism perceives an interconnection between the domination of women and poor people, and the domination of nature. This domination is founded on modern, Western, patriarchal, dualised structures, which subordinate all considered as "the other" compared to the superior masculine archetype. Hence, all feminine is seen as inferior and may therefore be exploited. This is presently manifested in the neo-liberal economic development ideal. Its global penetration generates huge economic profits, which are reaped by Northern and Southern elites, while its devastating crises of poverty, violence, environmental destruction, and human rights abuses makes life increasingly unmanageable for Southern women, poor people and nature. Feminism and ecology have therefore come together aiming at liberating women, poor people and nature. They want to change the dualised, reductionist perception of reality into a holistic cosmology. Ecofeminism consequently aims to integrate the concerns of women, poor people and nature into development. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)